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1. Sample Essay on Impact of Second Industrial Revolution
The second industrial revolution also acknowledged as the
technological revolution was a period where great industrial revolution
took place. It is well-thought-out to have begun in the 1860s during the
introduction of Bessemer steel and ended in the early times of mass
production, electrification and production line. It followed on from
where the first industrial revolution that had begun in Britain in the
later 18th
century and spread to north America and western Europe.
Hence, great changes were being experienced in United States,
Germany, France, Low Countries and Japan.
During the second revolution, new technologies like electricity, internal
combustion engine, new materials and substances such as alloys and
chemicals and communication technologies like radio and television
were evident. In essence, there are distinguished effects of the second
industrial revolution to the world and they include;
1. New sources of energy were searched – Coal gas was produced
during the manufacture of bright lights making it easy for
companies to operate for longer hours without any complications
and regardless of the duration. The discovery of electrical current
was a great step as it proved to be a great catalyst for the second
industrial revolution.
British scientist Michael Faraday in 1831 proved that electrical current
could easily pass between a coil of wire and a magnet to produce more
energy. The first electrical generator was built in 1832 and the driving
force was in lighting. By 1870s, the first electric motor was built and
industries could now easily use electricity instead of steam.
2. Changes in transportation- A lot of changes were made in the
transport industry. The fastest mode of transport during the first
industrial revolution was railway for long distance and horse and

2. carriage for short ones. During the second revolution phase,
horses were replaced with oil and electric-powered vehicles. On
the hand, electricity replaced steam-power.
Belgian engineer J. Lenoi built the first internal combustion engine and
gas was used as fuel and was fitted into a vehicle in 1862. Karl Benz
built the first petrol fuelled motor vehicle- had three wheels. Electricity
was then applied in rail industrial and by 1863 the first trains run in
Britain. By 1886, the first four-wheeled vehicle was built by Daimler
and more designed came on the way on mass production.
3. Changes in communication- With discovery of electricity in second
revolution, a lot was expected to change in the communication
sector. For example, the first electric telegraph was made by Sir
Charles Wheatstone. By 1838, communications were changed
forever when code of dots and dashes were invented by Samuel
Morse as they could be transmitted with telegraph.
In 1876, Alexander Bell invented the telephone to transmit and receive
sound over long distances. Discovery of electromagnetic waves or radio
waves was the other great innovation by Heinrich Hertz and this led to
development of wireless telegraphs that were equivalent to toward
radios.
Great economy growth was experienced during and at the end of the
second industrial revolution. Living standards were improved in many
countries as there was an increase in productivity although this caused
unemployment as machines replaced many laborers. More so, changes
occurred in sanitation and public health, hence deaths were reduced
significantly.
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