With the help of journalists, graphic artists and experts, Nordström & Frank has put together this compendium of all the world’s conflicts. You’ll find country flags, maps and background facts on every conflict – a manual that provides the basis for a long-term look into the future. The material is designed so that it is easy to read and use, either as a whole or by selected chapters. Updated January 2009. Costs: €2,500 Please send a mail to info@nordstromfrank.se for downloading information.

1. Editorial Toolbox
Focus
ENGLISH EdITIoN
A supplement to Nordström & Franks ”Editorial Toolbox 2009” ©Nordström & Frank AB, www.nordstromfrank.se, info@nordstromfrank.se
.
Purchase now!
Send a mail to:
info@nordstromfrank.se
€2,500
Contains facts, maps, flags
and templates for use
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2. Editorial team:
Rikard Frank
Concept developer, art director, news graphics,
cartographer and researcher.
Jacob Nordström
Concept developer and design.
Ingela Rutberg
Research and texts. Journalist, Kristianstadsbladet.
Pär Jansson
Cartographer.
Lars Arvestål
Military Silhouettes (p. 7).
Udo Spongberg
Checking of facts. Researcher, Göteborgs Posten.
Tobias Regnell
Proof-reading. Editor in Chief, football magazine Offside.
Helene Murdoch
Translation.

3. The World’s Conflicts Focus
Contents
Afghanistan .......................... 8 iraq .......................................38 northern ireland ................68
With the help of journalists, graphic artists and experts,
Angola...................................12 israel-palestine...................40 pakistan...............................70
nordström & Frank has put together this compendium basque region ....................14 kasmir .................................46 senegal................................ 72
of all the world’s conflicts. You’ll find country flags, maps Central African republic....18 kyrgyzstan ..........................50 sierra leone.........................74
and background facts on every conflict – a manual that Chad.....................................20 Congo-kinshasa ................52 somalia................................ 76
provides the basis for a long-term look into the future. Chechnya ............................22 korea....................................54 sri lanka.............................. 78
Colombia.............................24 kosovo .................................56 sudan ..................................80
Cyprus .................................26 the kurds............................58 thailand...............................82
The material is designed so that it is easy to read eritrea ..................................28 lebanon ..............................60 uganda ................................84
and use, either as a whole or by selected chapters. ethiopia................................30 liberia ..................................62 uzbekistan ..........................86
Georgia ................................32 macedonia ..........................64 Zimbabwe ...........................88
Updated January 2009. indonesia & east timor.....36 burma (myanmar) ............66
A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se
.

4. The World’s conflicts NorTHErN IrELANd
– often a question of oil and water BASquE rEGIoN
many of the world’s conflicts are rooted in
religious and ethnic divisions, but they can
also be rooted in the battle for oil and water.
iraq invaded kuwait on the suspicion that
kuwait was pumping oil that belonged to
iraq. kurds are demanding that oil-rich
kirkuk should be part of a future kurdistan. SENEGAL
in sudan, burma (myanmar), liberia and
indonesia, people are unwilling to share the SIErrA LEoNE
income from oil – which is creating tensions.
LIBErIA
in sudan’s case, the government is using oil
revenues to buy weapons, while guerillas are CoLomBIA
trying to sabotage the oil industry.
even the most important element of life
–water – is creating conflict. the mursi and
bodi tribes in ethiopia lay claim to highlands
that catch the most rainwater. in the Central
African republic, local farmers squabble
with nomads about access to water.
Countries/regions arguing over oil
Countries/regions arguing over water
SOURCES: INSTITUTIONEN FöR FREdS- OCH kONFLIkTFORSkNINg vId UPPSALA UNIvERSITET, SäkERHETSPOLITIk.SE

5. koSovo CHECHNyA
GEorGIA kyrGyzSTAN
mACEdoNIA kurdISTAN uzBEkISTAN korEA
CypruS LEBANoN AFGHANISTAN
kASHmIr
ISrAEL-pALESTINE IrAq pAkISTAN
BurmA (myANmAr)
CHAd THAILANd
SudAN ErITrEA
uGANdA SomALIA SrI LANkA
CENTrAL
ETHIopIA INdoNESIA
AFrICAN
rEpuBLIC
CoNGo-kINSHASA EAST TImor
ANGoLA
zImBABwE
INFO gRAPHICS: NORdSTRöM FRANk

6. Map symbols
Arrows, points and silhouettes
NORTH AMERICA EUROPE OCEANIA
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
SOUTH AMERICA SWEDEN AFRICA
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10 THE WORLD
6
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7. Xxxx xxxxx Xxxx xxxxx
Xxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx. xxxxx xxx.
xxxxx xxx.
Xxxx xxxxx
Xxxx xxxxx
Xxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx.
xxxxx xxx.
xxxxx xxx.
Xxxx xxxxx Xxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx. xxxxx xxx.
Xxxx xxxxx Xxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx
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Xxxx xxxxx Xxxx xxxxx
xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx
xxxxx xxx. xxxxx xxx.
7
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8. The World’s conflicts
Afghanistan
A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se
.

9. The World’s conflicts
Afghanistan
Violence increases in Afghanistan
despite billions on dollars in humanitarian aid and a huge international security effort, violence is increasing
in Afghanistan. in the first seven months of 2008, some 3,800 people died, including 1,500 civilians.
not since the overthrow of the taliban regime in 2001 have so many died. one reason for this is the return
of the taliban and the strengthening of their position with the help of al-Qaida. Among other things, they
have bombarded the national army and international security force with rockets. And the number of suicide
bombings has increased from 123 in 2006 to 160 in 2007.
170 10 10 2000
1979 The Soviet Union invades Women can no longer work outside stan refuses. In October the USA is held. The right to vote is extended.
Aghanistan in support of the commu- their homes and must cover them- begins a bombing campaign against The Taleban carries out its first coun-
nist regime. Over one million people selves completely, wearing the Burka. Afghanistan. At the same time, the ter-attack.
die and several million become refu- Men are forbidden to shave and girls Northern Alliance pushes against
2006 The Taleban launch rocket
gees during the decade-long conflict. are banned from attending school. Kabul. By December the Taleban is
vanquished and a new, provisional attacks against the national army
1988–89 After UN negotiations, the 1998 Opposition to the Taliban cre- government is founded. and the international peacekeepers.
AFGhAnistAn
Soviet Union pulls out of Afghanistan. ates the Northern Alliance and begin Suicide bombing attacks increase.
2002 A traditional Afghan assembly
The Soviet withdrawal begins in guerilla warfare. Further opposition
2007 The number of victims of terror
February 1. followed from Shiite factions, and is held with 1,600 delegates from all
when Taliban forces took Mazar-i- the provinces. The first UN peace- attacks reaches 66 per month, up
1989 Several groups, armed with Sharif, thousands of Shiites were keeping force arrives. from 2 per month during 2006.
soviet union
heavy weapons from the Soviet Union killed. Opinion against the Taleban More than 0 UN food convoys are
2004 A new constitution gives the
and the USA, lay waste to numerous regime grows, even overseas. The attacked and there are more than 10
parts of Kabul. Insurgency takes hold USA points its finger at Osama bin president stronger powers. A two-tier attacks on humanitarian aid pro-
of the city. Laden, who was responsible for bomb parliament with independent judi- grams. 0 aid workers are killed.
attacks in Kenya and Tanzania. Af- ciary is established. The constitution
1994 The Taliban emerge in southern 2008 Terror attacks continue. Febru-
ghanistan is bombed as a result of the gives both men and women equal
usA
Afghanistan, gaining support from Taleban’s protection for bin Laden. rites and protects religious and lin- ary is the bloodiest month since
many who are tired of the war. guistic minorities. The country holds 2001, with 67 civilians killed and 0
2001 The leader of the Northern Alli- its first presidential election, which is injured in the Arghandab district. The
1996 The Taliban occupy Kabul, ban- ance is murdered. Two days later ter- won by Hamid Karzai. The UN sets up next day, 7 civilians are killed and 2
ning everything from popular music rorists attack the World Trade Center the first bases. injured, including three International
to football as a consequence of their in New York. The USA demands the Security Assistance Force members
2005 The first parliamentary session
deeply-conservative Islamic beliefs. extradition of bin Laden, but Afghani- when a convoy is attacked .
sourCes: swedish institute oF internAtionAl AFFAirs, un, dn, swedish militArY serviCe And sAkerhetspolitik.se inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk
A supplement to nordström FrAnks ”editoriAl toolbox 2009” ©nordström FrAnk Ab, www.nordstromFrAnk.se, inFo@nordstromFrAnk.se
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10. The World’s conflicts
Afghanistan
Forces in Afghanistan
Members: 41 countries
Total: 50,700 personnel ISAF Jordan Singapore United Arab Austria georgia
Personnel on Personnel on Emirates Personnel on Personnel on
International
site: 0 site: 0 Personnel on site: 1 site: 1
Security
site: 0
Assistance
Force (FN)
The number of personnel on site changes daily. Information from ISAF 200.
Ukraine Ireland Iceland Luxemburg Azerbaijan Latvia Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Finland Estonia greece
Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on
site: site: 7 site: site: site: site: 70 site: 70 site: 70 site: 70 site: 0 site: 120 site: 10
Macedonia Albania New Zealand Lithuania Hungary Croatia Sweden Czech Belgium Norway Bulgaria Romania
Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Republic Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on
site: 1 site: 10 site: 1 site: 200 site: 20 site: 20 site: 20 Personnel on site: 20 site: site: 60 site: 72
site: 1
denmark Spain Turkey Australia Poland Netherlands Italy Canada France germany United USA
Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on Personnel on kingdom Personnel on
site: 70 site: 70 site: 00 site: 1 00 site: 1 10 site: 1 770 site: 2 0 site: 2 00 site: 2 70 site: 10 Personnel on site: 20 600
site: 0
10
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11. The World’s conflicts
Afghanistan
Opposition
The four provinces in which
grows
uzBekiStAn
Swedish forces operate are
tAJikiStAn
Balkh, Samangan, Jawzan and
Opposition to
Sari Pul. These equate to a
the international
fifth of Sweden’s landmass.
peacekeeping
force is growing
BAdAkhShán
among inhabit-
Al Gach
ants following Mazár-e-
JAwzJAn
turkmeniStAn kondoz
Sharíf Táloqán
the deaths of
Kondóz
civilian Afghans Shebergaán
Swedish forc-
tAkhár
BAlkh
on suspected
es in northern
terrorist strong- Sari Pul
irAn Pol-e Khomrí
Meymaneh Samangán
Afghanistan
holds.
BAghlán
PAkiStAn
SAmAngAn
FáryáB
A critical SAri Pul PAkVAn nureStán
problem is the during 2008 the
BAdghíS Nurestán
Rao
deeply-rooted Bámíán UN and NATO
konAr
Qal’eh-ye Now
corruption and kAPiSA lAghmAn
had 2,000
Asadabad
Bámíán kABol
Chaghcharán
drug trade in Kabul Mantar Lám personnel in
VArdAk
which even Jalálánád
Herát the country, of
Meydán
nAngArhAr
regional leaders Shahr loweAr which 7 were
Pol-e Alam
herát ghowr
are involved. Swedes.
PAktíA
Ghazní
Gardíz khowSt
oruzgán
If president The intention
ghAzní Khowst
karzai and the is that the ISAF
AFGHANISTAN
international (International
Sharan
peacekeeping Security As-
FAráh Faráh
force intervene In the troubled sistance Force)
Tárin Kowt
záBol PAktíká
too strongly, the southern area shall reinforce
government will of the country security in the
Qalát
make itself more the ISAF force country until the
unpopular. operates with Afghan govern-
Lashkar Gáh Kandahar
troops from ment can fend
Denmark, the for itself. The
Zaranj
Netherlands, the Swedish group
United Kingdom, has, among
nímrúz helmAnd kAndAhAr
USA and Canada. other missions,
It is more difficult the task of
0 200 km
indiA
to maintain these reducing crime
forces because and attacks on
of the fighting. roadways.
inFo GrAphiCs:
nordström FrAnk
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12. The World’s conflicts
Angola
12
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13. The World’s conflicts
Angola
On the road to democracy
Angola is both one of Africa’s largest oil producers, and one of the world’s poorest countries.
it gained independence from portugal in 1975. but even before independence, the mplA and unita
rebel groups were in conflict with each other. After independence, the mplA occupied the capital and
civil war broke out. the communist mplA was supported by the soviet union; unita by the usA.
10 2000
CABINDA
CONGO-KINSHASA
Cabinda
1992 A first election is held, since 12 is held. Opposi- ZAIRE
Soyo UíGE
but the result goes against tion parties protest at the
Unita. Fighting breaks out. governing MPLA party’s
voting campaign. The elec-
Ambriz
1994 New peace talks were tion result shows that the
initiated with the UN over- MPLA has collected nearly Luanda MALANJE
LUNDA NORTE
CUANZA
seeing the peace process. 2 percent of the vote; AnGolA
NORTE
LUANDA
Unita barely 10 percent. Malanje
1999 UN peacekeepers EU monitors endorse the BENGO
leave the country after result, but note that there LUNDA SUL
fighting breaks out. are irregularities at the poll- CUANZA SUL
Porto Amboin
ing stations: for example,
2002 Civil war ceases not all people casting their Saurimo
mplA (pArtY)
when Unita leader Jonas votes are properly regis- BíE
lobito
HUAMBO
Savimbi is killed. tered, and that MPLA has Benguela MOxICO
AngolA
large amounts of coverage Huambo
BENGUELA
2006 Angola is a member in the state-controlled
of OPEC and producing 1. media.
ZAMBIA
million barrels of oil a day. HUíLA
2009 The first presidential Menongue
Namibe Lubango
unitA (pArtY)
2008 The first election vote since 12 is held.
CUANDO
NAMIBE
CUBANGO
CUNENE
0 500 km
NAMIBIA
inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk
sourCes: swedish institute oF internAtionAl AFFAirs, bbC world, CiA world FACt book, www.europA.eu.int, sAkerhetspolitik.se
1
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14. The World’s conflicts
The Basque region
1
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15. The World’s conflicts
The Basque region
The Basque region’s bloody history
the struggle for an independent basque region has been going since the end of the 1800s. And the basque
nationalist party, eAJ/pnv, also wants the basue region in France to be included. today, the spanish region
has its own parliament and is autonomous; but French basques are governed from paris.
170 10 10 100 110 120 10 10 10 160 170 10 10 2000
1876 After two Spanish civil wars, the 1975 The dictator Franco dies. 1999 ETA ends its ceasefire. 2005 The government is willing to
Basques autonomy was annulled. talk with ETA, but the various factions
1978 Spain becomes a democracy. 2000 In the first post-ceasefire mur-
within ETA cannot agree; a car bomb
1936–39 During the Spanish civil war, The region becomes independent. der, a car bomb kills a high-ranking
is detonated several days later.
the Basques who struggled against Hundreds of ETA detainees are re- Spanish officer in Madrid. The motive
2006 ETA is weakened: leaders are
Franco declared their own indepen- leased from detention, but ETA seeks is that the government will not negoti-
dence in Guipúzcoa and Viscaya, greater autonomy, and commences ate over its political demands. arrested and violence is reduced
spAin
where the bombing of Guernica took new attacks. following the attack in Madrid. ETA
2001 The Spanish government inten-
place in 17. is willing to announce a permanent
1980 ETA’s bloodiest year to date, sifies its hunt for ETA members after
ceasefire and talks begin, but are
1940 With the end of the civil war, with 2 people killed. The movement the /11 terror attack in New York.
abandoned following an attack on
many Basques are imprisoned, is at its strongest, with around 1000 Some 200 ETA members are arrested
Madrid airport, in which two people
tortured and killed. It is forbidden to active members. ETA’s political wing, after a ceasefire breaks down.
are injured.
speak Basque, and all areas are given Herri Batasuna, wins 16 percent of the FrAnCe
2002 Parties that support terror-
2007 Spain’s highest court bans 00
Spanish names. vote in Basque regional elections. ism are banned. The party’s bank
candidates from two Basque parties
1959 ETA evolves as a student move- 1983–87 27 Basques are tried for funds are seized by the central court
from standing in local elections; ETA
ment. The name stands for Euskadi Ta suspected ETA murders. because they refused to pay damages
cancels it’s ceasefire. Six people die
Askatsuna – Basque Homeland and to victims of ETA violence. This sparks
1986 Herri Batasuna is allowed as
in attacks between summer 2007
Freedom. It starts at first with infor- fresh outbreaks of violence in the
a political party allthough the party bAsQue (reGion)
and May 200. Spain and France
mation and underground teaching, Basque region.
hasn’t denounced the violence of ETA.
announce stronger measures for
but grows increasingly militant. 2003 The EU and the USA officially
1988–89 The socialist government controlling ETA.
1968 ETA carries out its first murder; classify ETA as a terrorist organiza-
tries for high-level talks with ETA.
2008 ETA’s key political leader, Javier
a member of the Spanish civil guard. tion.
1997 More than six million people Lopez Pena (known as Thierry), is
1970 16 militant Basques are tried by 2004 11 people die and over 1000
demonstrate over four days against arrested for his part in the Madrid
eAJ pnv (pArtY)
military court. Several are sentenced are injured in a terrorist attack on a
the ETA murder of a Basque politician. airport bombing in 2006. In Novem-
to death, but reprieved. ETA receives train in Madrid. The Spanish govern-
ber, ETA’s suspected military leader,
1998 A former interior minister, his
widespread support. ment accuses ETA over the attack,
Garikoitz Aspiazu Rubina (known as
colleague and the socialist party’s
but Islamic extremists are behind the
1973 The Spanish prime minister is Txeroki) is also arrested.
head of security are sentenced to long
attack.
murdered by ETA, which increases prison sentences for the suspected
their popularity among those who inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk
etA, euskadi ta
murder of ETA members during the Askatasuna (Group) sourCes: swedish institute oF internAtionAl AFFAirs, bbC world, CiA world FACt book,
struggle against the dictatorship. 10s. ETA declares a ceasefire. www.europA.eu.int, sAkerhetspolitik.se
1
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16. The World’s conflicts
The Basque region
40 years
92 Support
weakens
ETA was
of violence
supported by
1-20 percent
Number of civilian victims of Basques in
the beginning,
etA’s armed struggle gas Total killed
76 but that support
Police and
claimed 824 lives includ- has successively
military
weakened.
ing 342 civilians. At the
342
same time, around 100- 66 According to the
Civilians
Total
El Pais newspa-
200 etA members have 824
482
per, the terror
been killed. campaign has
cost the Span-
ish government
FrAnCe
52 Basque victims 11 billion dollars
BASQue region
between 1
Total killed
nAVArre
and 200.
40 Navarre 57 Other
46
CAtAloniA
PortugAl
Barcelona
43 55 Cata-
Madrid
According to
lonia
the Spanish
SPAin
authorities, ETA
37 37 Total
is behind 1,600
123 824
200 km
terror attacks
32 32 549 and the deaths of
Madrid
30 Basque over 00 people.
26
25 The govern-
23 ment reckons
21
that ETA has 0
19 19
ETA’s victims
Ceasfire Nov – Nov
16 17
cells, each with
ETA carried out its 15 15 four members,
14
first murder in 16. 13 which carry out
12
The bloodiest year
10 the attacks.
ToTAl: 824 vIcTImS
since was 16.
6 6
5 5 4
3
2 2 2
1 1
00 00
1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
sourCes: ministerio de interior espAñA inFo GrAphiCs: nordström FrAnk
16
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17. The World’s conflicts
The Basque region
Attacks in ’08 Basques
in seven
7 March
provinces
A former advisor to Biarritz
Noja
the socialist is shot Bayonne
dead outside his Santona
The autonomous
Laredo
lABourd
home in Mon-
Basques can be
ViSCAyA
dragón. A-8
(lAPurdi)
FRANcE
San Sebastian
Neguri
found in the re-
(BizkAiA)
14 May Ondarroa
gions of Viscaya,
Santurtzi Gernika-Lumo
Bomb in Legutiano. A-8
Hernani
Guizpúzcoa, and
Galdakao
1 dead and four Bilbao BASSe-nAVArre
Azpeitia Andoain Álava, and can
injured. Baztan
(nAFArroA BehereA) also be found in
19 May
guiPúzCoA
Llodio Tolosa nearby area of
Durango
Car bomb in Bilbao.
Soule
(giPuzkoA)
No injuries. Navarre.
(zuBeroA)
Mondragón A-15
20 July Amurrio AP-1
Bombings in In France, there
E-80
Onati
NAVARRE
Legutiano
Medina
Neguri, Laredo (2) is no recognized
de Pomar
BASQUE REGION
and Noja (2). One
Basque region,
in a bank, four at (nAFArroA)
A-10
but Basque
tourist sites. No
(PAiS VASCo) E-80 Egúes people live in the
injuries.
Pamplona
Vitoria-Gasteiz departments of
Aranguren
21 September E-804
(Iruña)
Labourd, Basse-
álAVA
Car bomb in On-
Navarre and
dorroa, injuring at AP-15
(ArABA) A-12
least 11 people. Car Soule.
Miranda de Ebro A-21
bomb in Vitoria.
22 September These provinces
Sanguesa
AP-1
Car bomb in San-
contain upwards
Tafalla
Oyón
tona. Viana
of two million
Santo Domingo Olite
4 October
people who claim
de la Calzada Lodosa
Bombing in Tolosa.
Basque roots.
Carcastillo
30 October San
Nájera Many Basques
Belorado
Adrian Peralta
Car bomb in Pam-
have also emi-
plona. 1 people
LA RIOJA grated.
Calahorra
injured.
SPAIN
3 december Arnedo
Businessman shot
Alfaro
dead in Azpeitia.
FrAnCe
Tudela
Corella
Basque
Ribaforada
PortugAl
Cascante sourCes: swedish
Barcelona
Madrid
institute oF internA-
SPAin
Cortes tionAl AFFAirs, bbC
world, eu And CounCil
0 50 km oF ForeiGn relAtions,
400 km
Tarazona Borja
inFo GrAphiCs: usA. www.nAtionAl-
Agreda
nordström FrAnk terrorAlert.Com
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18. The World’s conflicts
Central African Republic
1
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