1. EDISON
Maja Felicia Bendtsen, Østkraft
Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks
September 2010

2. 2020 targets
Energy consumption -30 % energy production from renewables
250
-20 % reduction in CO2 emission compared
200
1980
to 1990
150 1990
PJ
100 2000 -20 % higher energy efficiency
2008
50
0
Trade Production Household Transport
The transport sector keeps increasing its
Energy for transport,
energy consumption.
spread on types
Road transport and air traffic have both
140 increased their energy consumption notable.
Index (1990=100)
130
120 Road
110
100
Railway However energy for road transportation
Air traffic
90
80 Shipping accounts for more than 75 % of the total
70 amount of energy used for transport, air
traffic only accounts for 15-18 %.
90
94
98
02
06
19
19
19
20
20

3. EVs contributes to meeting the
2020 targets 1x
CO2
Kilde: Energinet.dk
Ca. 2 x
CO2
+
EV Pow er from w ind
CO2-quota
Diesel
Hydrogen
Energy effeciency
Petrol
Biofuel, 2.g.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Source: Energinet.DK and Danish committee for electric vehicles

4. Load in kW on 10/0,4 kV station
with ~50 consumers
12
:0
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
0 1 AM
:0
0
0 2 AM
:0
0
0 3 AM
:0
0
0 4 AM
:0
0
0 5 AM
:0
0
0 6 AM
:0
0
0 7 AM
:0
0
0 8 AM
:0
0
0 9 AM
:0
0
1 0 AM
:0
0
1 1 AM
:0
0
1 2 AM
:0
0
0 1 PM
:0
0
Simple charge
Time
0 2 PM
:0
0
Normal load
0 3 PM
:0
0
0 4 PM
:0
0
0 5 PM
:0
0
0 6 PM
:0
0
0 7 PM
:0
0
0 8 PM
:0
0
0 9 PM
:0
0
1 0 PM
:0
0
1 1 PM
:0
0
1 2 PM
Extra load for EVs
:0
0
AM
Load in kW on 10/0,4 kV station
with ~50 consumers
01
:0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0
02 AM
:0
0
03 AM
:0
0
04 AM
:0
0
05 AM
:0
0
06 AM
:0
0
necessary?
07 AM
:0
0
08 AM
Extra load for EVs
:0
0
09 AM
:0
0
10 AM
:0
0
11 AM
:0
0
12 AM
:0
0
01 PM
:0
0
02 PM
:0
Time
0
Controlled charge
03 PM
Normal load
:0
0
04 PM
:0
0
EVs induce strains in the distribution grid
05 PM
Why is controlled charge
:0
0
06 PM
:0
0
07 PM
:0
0
08 PM
:0
0
09 PM
:0
0
10 PM
:0
0
11 PM
:0
0
12 PM
:0
0
AM

5. Creation of Smart Grid
Strained More production from
distribution grid renewable sources
Smart Grid

6. Power system 1
– Balance between production and load
• Traditionally production has been adapted to load
• With wind turbines and other renewables power production becomes
more intermittent
• In future part of the load should be adjusted to fit production

7. Power system 2
– Structure of the grid is changing
• Traditionally the grid have had a top-down structure
from production to load
• In future, because of renewables, part of the production
will be decentralised
– Future scenarios Source: Nyhedsbladet Dansk Energi nr. 8, juni 2010
• Business as usual: The increasing amount of production
from renewables and change in load for EVs, heat
pumps etc. will bring investments of 7.7 bn. DKK
• Smart Grid: Necessary investments of 9.8 bn. DKK, but
socio-economic value of 8.2 bn. DKK. Therefore Smart
Grid is the smartest approach

8. EVs are potential
flexible consumption
• Flexible consumption is a key element in Smart
Grid
• On average cars are parked 20 hours a day
– As much as 16 hours is typically at home
• EVs will need to charge 1-4 hours a day,
dependent on usage and charging power
• If the user of the EV is given good incentives
the flexibility could be used in the power system

10. WP1 Electric Vehicle technology
•EV technology
•Energy consumption
•Battery size
•Charging power
•Driving patterns
•Market potential

11. WP2 System architecture design
for EV systems
Power flow
Trade/Contract Fleet Operator based charging
Billing
Comm
Energy Market
Power producer [MWh]
Retailer
Meter
Fleet
TSO DSO operator
CS
Com-
munication
Identification
Ancillary service
[MW]
Meter

12. WP3 Distributed integration
technology development
•Develop VPP software
•Integrate SCADA system information
•Integrate production data from
renewables
•Integrate SoC and time of use from EV
•Compute charging schedule, which is
send to the EV/charging spot

13. WP4 Central Fast-Charging and
Battery-Swapping Stations
Development
•Central Fast-Charging
•Influence on battery life time
•Charging alcorithms
•Grid perspective
•Tested at Risø DTU Syslab during
WP6A

14. WP5 EV communication
•Communication with the EV
•Identification
•SoC
•Choice of charging type
•Instant
•Delayed /Controlled
•Charging schedule
Kilde:

15. WP6A+B Demonstration
•Pre-Test
•Charging schedule for
controlled charge
•Real-life testing
•Charging schedule for
•V2G
controlled charge
•Fast-Charging
•Communication
•Communication
•If possible V2G
•Dependent on
•Demonstrated at
•Driving patterns
•“Private” charging
•System architecture
• Public charging

16. Why Bornholm?
– We have a high share of production from renewables
• More than 60 % in power produced at Bornholm
• More than 40 % in power consumed at Bornholm
– One electric connection to the Nordel synchronous area
• 70 kW 60 kV sea cable from 1980
– Bornholm is equivalent to ~1 % of Denmark
• Geographical area
• Number of inhabitants and power consumers
• Composition of society with business, industry, hospital etc.
Why Østkraft finds projects important:
– Access to new knowledge and technologies
– Strengthens the image of Østkraft
– Gives increased attention to Bornholm