Radiological examination of breast & Genital organs

1. RRadiological examination of theadiological examination of the
breast and genital organsbreast and genital organs

2. Radiation methods research breast diseasesRadiation methods research breast diseases
1.1.X-ray:X-ray:
-Mammography-Mammography
-Ductography-Ductography
-Pneumocystography-Pneumocystography
2.Ultrasound2.Ultrasound
3.Radinuclidic examination3.Radinuclidic examination
-Mammoscintigraphy-Mammoscintigraphy
-PET-PET
5.MRI5.MRI
6. CT6. CT

3. Algorithm of ray examination of patients withAlgorithm of ray examination of patients with
pathology BREAST:pathology BREAST:
1st stage, mammography, ultrasound,1st stage, mammography, ultrasound,
2nd stage-Fine needle aspiration biopsy2nd stage-Fine needle aspiration biopsy
3rd stage, depending on the results of previous stages,3rd stage, depending on the results of previous stages,
ductography, mammoscintigraphy, MRI, CT.ductography, mammoscintigraphy, MRI, CT.
First performed physical examination of breast,First performed physical examination of breast,
consisting of inspection and palpation. For a correct viewconsisting of inspection and palpation. For a correct view
of breast divided into 4 quadrants-upperlateral,of breast divided into 4 quadrants-upperlateral,
uppermedial, lowerlateral, lowermedial.uppermedial, lowerlateral, lowermedial.

4. X-ray methods:X-ray methods:
MammographyMammography, performed on apparatus -, performed on apparatus -
mammographs. Indications for screening mammography:mammographs. Indications for screening mammography:
1.1.BREAST-cancer in close relativesBREAST-cancer in close relatives
2.2. Age 40 years and overAge 40 years and over
3. BREAST-hormonal hyperplasia3. BREAST-hormonal hyperplasia
4. Endocrine disorders (thyroid disease, diabetes)4. Endocrine disorders (thyroid disease, diabetes)
5. Reproductive disorders (abortion, first birth after 30 years ,5. Reproductive disorders (abortion, first birth after 30 years ,
infertility)infertility)
6. Disease of the reproductive organs (ovaries and uterine tumors,6. Disease of the reproductive organs (ovaries and uterine tumors,
inflammatory disease, menstrual dysfunction)inflammatory disease, menstrual dysfunction)
If there are three or more factors of the patient should beIf there are three or more factors of the patient should be
referred for a mammography.referred for a mammography.

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6. Digital mammographyDigital mammography - a new method for diagnosis of- a new method for diagnosis of
BREAST, which lets you analyze mammograms fromBREAST, which lets you analyze mammograms from
screen monitor at specialized workstation.screen monitor at specialized workstation.
DuctographyDuctography performed after mammography. Thisperformed after mammography. This
method of X-ray BREAST using artificial contrasting milkmethod of X-ray BREAST using artificial contrasting milk
ducts.ducts.
Into the milk ducts injected 0.5-1 ml of water-solubleInto the milk ducts injected 0.5-1 ml of water-soluble
contrastcontrast
Indications for ductography -all cases of abnormalIndications for ductography -all cases of abnormal
secretion from the nipplesecretion from the nipple
PNEUMOCYSTOGRAPHYPNEUMOCYSTOGRAPHY
A diagnostic cysts BREAST. Making a punction of a cystA diagnostic cysts BREAST. Making a punction of a cyst
and remove its contents, then fill cyst cavity with gasand remove its contents, then fill cyst cavity with gas
and make picturues. Gas dissolves in 7-10 days. Oftenand make picturues. Gas dissolves in 7-10 days. Often
after cyst treated.after cyst treated.

7. MammographyMammography

8. MammographyMammography
BREAST-cancerBREAST-cancer

9. MammographyMammography
BREAST-cancerBREAST-cancer

10. MRI (breast cancer)MRI (breast cancer)

11. Ultrasound methodsUltrasound methods
Indications for test:Indications for test:
-Differential diagnosis of cysts and solid-Differential diagnosis of cysts and solid
tumors determined during palpationtumors determined during palpation
- evaluation of unexplained seals in the- evaluation of unexplained seals in the
breastbreast
-correction of the needle movement-correction of the needle movement
during fine needle biopsy of tumorsduring fine needle biopsy of tumors
-monitoring of implanted prosthesis-monitoring of implanted prosthesis

12. UltrasoundUltrasound
BREAST-cancerBREAST-cancer

13. UltrasoundUltrasound
benign tumorbenign tumor

14. UltrasoundUltrasound
CystCyst

15. UltrasoundUltrasound
Gynecomastia male breastsGynecomastia male breasts

16. Radionuclide methodsRadionuclide methods
Scintigraphy is used as an additionalScintigraphy is used as an additional
method of diagnosis of difficultmethod of diagnosis of difficult
mammogramsmammograms
Indications for the method are:Indications for the method are:
-Determination of damage of parasternal-Determination of damage of parasternal
and axillaries lymph nodesand axillaries lymph nodes
-Determination of sentry lymph node-Determination of sentry lymph node
-Monitoring of chemotherapy treatment-Monitoring of chemotherapy treatment

17. The use of CT is limited due to a large radiationThe use of CT is limited due to a large radiation
exposure to BREASTexposure to BREAST
BREAST MRIBREAST MRI is used as a addition to traditionalis used as a addition to traditional
methods in the diagnosis of problematic cases andmethods in the diagnosis of problematic cases and
questionable data from BREAST mammography, afterquestionable data from BREAST mammography, after
surgery, implant dentures, nodal formations in women ofsurgery, implant dentures, nodal formations in women of
any age.any age.

18. Radiation anatomy of the breastRadiation anatomy of the breast
The breast is a paired organ, consisting ofThe breast is a paired organ, consisting of
particles of fat tissue in which theparticles of fat tissue in which the
glandular tissue with milk ducts. Examineglandular tissue with milk ducts. Examine
BREAST is better at 7-10 day of menstrualBREAST is better at 7-10 day of menstrual
cycle. Most common diseases are:cycle. Most common diseases are:
-Fibroadenoma, a benign tumor-Fibroadenoma, a benign tumor
-Lipoma, a benign tumor of adipose tissue-Lipoma, a benign tumor of adipose tissue
-Cysts - simple and atypical-Cysts - simple and atypical
- BREAST-cancer- BREAST-cancer

19. Radiation researchRadiation research of genitals of genitals
The main and often end imaging method The main and often end imaging method
is ultrasoundis ultrasound
Transabdominal ultrasound is a screening Transabdominal ultrasound is a screening
method, to evaluate the approximate method, to evaluate the approximate
position, size and structure of the position, size and structure of the
genitals. Transvaginal (for female genitals) genitals. Transvaginal (for female genitals)
Transrectal ultrasound (for prostate) - are Transrectal ultrasound (for prostate) - are
the main methods. the main methods.
Transvaginal ultrasound is not performed to girls Transvaginal ultrasound is not performed to girls
who have not sexual life.who have not sexual life.

20. Indications:Indications:
-detailed examination of the situation, form, size and -detailed examination of the situation, form, size and
structure of genitalsstructure of genitals
-Inability to hold urine-Inability to hold urine
-Obesity-Obesity
-Suspected prostate cancer-Suspected prostate cancer
-Menopause-Menopause
-Suspected ectopic pregnancy-Suspected ectopic pregnancy
-Metastases in the skeleton found by other methods-Metastases in the skeleton found by other methods
MRIMRI is prescribed for doubtful ultrasound. is prescribed for doubtful ultrasound.

21. Radiation semiotics diseases of theRadiation semiotics diseases of the
genital organsgenital organs
Radiation semiotics diseases of the genital organsRadiation semiotics diseases of the genital organs
1-Syndrome of prostate enlargement- manifested difficult 1-Syndrome of prostate enlargement- manifested difficult
urination. Reasons are : inflammation of the prostate, urination. Reasons are : inflammation of the prostate,
adenoma, cancer. The main method of diagnosis is adenoma, cancer. The main method of diagnosis is
ultrasoundultrasound
2-Abnormal scrotum-indications for radiation research are:2-Abnormal scrotum-indications for radiation research are:
-Increase of testis-Increase of testis
-Formation in the of scrotal-Formation in the of scrotal
-Pain-Pain
--Male infertilityMale infertility
-Trauma-Trauma
Syndrome of pathological enlargement of testis - Syndrome of pathological enlargement of testis -
observed in the presence of simple and atypical cysts, observed in the presence of simple and atypical cysts,
malignant tumors. For the diagnosis is ultrasound.malignant tumors. For the diagnosis is ultrasound.

22. Diseases of the uterineDiseases of the uterine
-Mioma -most common benign tumor. Well diagnosed by -Mioma -most common benign tumor. Well diagnosed by
ultrasound. When questionable data prescribed MRI, CTultrasound. When questionable data prescribed MRI, CT
-Endometrial hyperplasia is a preview of metrorrhagia, -Endometrial hyperplasia is a preview of metrorrhagia,
especially in menopause. Diagnostic ultrasound method especially in menopause. Diagnostic ultrasound method
for detecting endometrial thickness and structure. Crucial for detecting endometrial thickness and structure. Crucial
in the diagnosis is histological study.in the diagnosis is histological study.
For the diagnosis is made For the diagnosis is made transvaginal ultrasoundtransvaginal ultrasound..

23. UltrasoundUltrasound
transrectal examination of the prostate transrectal examination of the prostate

24. UltrasoundUltrasound
transrectal (cyst) transrectal (cyst)

25. UltrasoundUltrasound
transrectal examination of the prostate transrectal examination of the prostate

26. UltrasoundUltrasound
transabdominal examination of the prostate transabdominal examination of the prostate

27. UltrasoundUltrasound
transabdominal examination of the prostate transabdominal examination of the prostate
prostate cancer germination of the bladder wallprostate cancer germination of the bladder wall

28. UltrasoundUltrasound
testistestis
Norma CancerNorma Cancer

29. MRIMRI
prostate cancerprostate cancer

30. Primary imaging methods for the study ofPrimary imaging methods for the study of
uterine appendages isuterine appendages is
metrosalpingographymetrosalpingography-provides a picture-provides a picture
of the uterus and fallopian tubes afterof the uterus and fallopian tubes after
introduction of contrast agents. Producedintroduction of contrast agents. Produced
under strict indicationsunder strict indications
-In the case of infertility to assess tubes-In the case of infertility to assess tubes
-Anomalies of the uterus-Anomalies of the uterus
indicator tube patency is out of contrastindicator tube patency is out of contrast
into the abdominal cavityinto the abdominal cavity

31. MetrosalpingographyMetrosalpingography

32. MetrosalpingographyMetrosalpingography
Endometrial hyperplasia,
endometrial polyps . Women is
infertile 5 years.

33. Ultrasound