This document provides an overview of thyroid cancer, including classification, incidence, risk factors, diagnostic evaluation, surgical treatment, use of radioiodine, staging, follow-up recommendations, and management of recurrent or metastatic disease. Key points discussed include the increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer, diagnostic evaluation using ultrasound and fine needle aspiration, total thyroidectomy as the standard initial surgery, use of radioiodine ablation for selected patients, lifetime follow-up including physical exam and serum thyroglobulin testing, and treatment of recurrence or metastasis with surgery, radioiodine, external beam radiation, or chemotherapy depending on the specific clinical situation.

1. ESO Masterclass in Clinical Oncology Dubrovnik 2011 THYROID CANCER Dr Aleksandar CELEBIC, MD, PhD - Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro - Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

14. pre-surgical evaluation of thyroid nodules; surgical treatment; tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) and other prognostic systems; postsurgical administration of radioiodine; follow-up: role of diagnostic whole body scan (WBS), role of thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-Tg antibodies (AbTg) and neck US; protocols for early and long-term follow-up; treatment of local and regional recurrences and of distant metastases

16. Copyright ©2010 European Society of Endocrinology Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;154(6):787-803 Figure 1 Flow chart for the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodule(s) ‏

36. Copyright ©2010 European Society of Endocrinology Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jun;154(6):787-803 Figure 2 Flow chart for the follow-up after initial treatment (surgery and radioiodine ablation)‏