Presentation from EPA Transboundary Research Workshop, Galway, 8th and 9th September 2010.

1. Mace Head: Atmospheric Composition & Climate Research Professor Colin O’Dowd, School of Physics

2. 1973, 1990 1985 2008 Mace Head: First Measurements 1958,

3. WMO Global Atmosphere Watch

4. European Monitoring & Evaluation Programme (EMEP) Supersite

5. European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (EUSAAR)

7. 10 m and 22 m Met Stations

8. 22 m micrometeorology/flux packages

9. Ceilometer cloud base, aerosol profiling (15 km)

10. Temperature & Humidity Profiler (10 km)

12. Aerosol Measurements at Mace Head Aerosol Physics (3 nm – 20 microns) Aerosol water update Aerosol cloud condensation nuclei Aerosol scattering Aerosol absorption Aerosol column optical dept Aerosol chemistry – off line IC, HPLC, HNMR Aerosol chemistry – on line mass spectrometry Aerosol vertical back-scatter profiles Aerosol PM mass

13. Trace Gases CO2, CH4, O3 CFCs HFCs Non-Methane Hydrocarbons NOx OH, Sulphuric Acid, Methane Sulphonic Acid CO2 fluxes Ozone Fluxes

14. Humidity & Boundary Layer Profiling – Radiometer & Ceilometer g/m3

15. Aerosol Optical Dept

16. Ceilometer Aerosol (Backscatter) Profiling

17. General Aerosol Results

18. General Aerosol Results

19. AQ and LIDAR Stations Ideal TXB monitoring network: LIDAR PM2.5 Black Carbon Total particle Concentration Operational Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

20. Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor

21. Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor

22. Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor

23. Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor

24. Air Pollution Policy & Climate Change: EU Target 2C above pre-industrial A business-as-usual scenario (without climate policy) would have given already an increase in global mean temperature by about 1.4 °C, if we would consider only CO2 emissions. However the simultaneous emissions of aerosol particles and their overall cooling effect has kept the temperature increase down to about 0.8 °C. Successful end-of-pipe air pollution policies in the developed world that reduce aerosol emissions (but not CO2 emissions!) is responsible for the faster increase in global mean temperature observed in the past two decades or so. Courtesy Frank Raes, JRC, European Commission

25. Air Quality & Climate Change: EU Policy Relative to 2000, under Business As Usual, temperature is predicted to increase by a further 0.6C. Under Maximum Feasible Reductions for air pollution emissions, temperature is predicted to increase by a further 1.1C . Together with the 0.8 °C warming already existing, that would bring temperature increase by 2030 very close the EU’s long term climate target of 2 °C. Conclusion: The only way to reach the EU’s long term 2 °C target is through climate policies reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In any case, we expect a fast increase in global and local temperatures in the next decades. Courtesy Frank Raes, JRC, European Commission

26. Mace Head Publication Metrics (h – index = 46) Thanks to: Tom O’Connor, Gerard Jennings, Aodhagan Roddy, Darius Ceburnis, Saji Varghese, Mick Geever, Jane Mulcahy, Cristina Facchini, Sandro Fuzzi, Markku Kulmala, Frank Raes, Elisabetta Vignati, Elina Mrrmer Michel Ramonet, Peter Simmonds, Dick Derwent and many many more!

27. Thank also to EPA, Met Eireann, Marine Institute, European Commission, IRCSET, SFI, HEA, DEFRA for support!

28. Mace Head: History, Research & Monitoring Overview www.macehead.org Select “Publications” Then “Miscellaneous Documents”