1. R E S U M E N D E TO D O S L O S M Ó D U L O S H E C H O S

2. S I M P L E PA S T
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

3. D E F I N I T I O N : U S E T H E S I M P L E PA S T T E N S E T O
T E L L A B O U T S O M E T H I N G T H AT H A P P E N E D B E F O R E
N O W.
REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS
Simple form Past tense Simple form Past tense
pull pulled are were
listen listened am, is was
use used go went
change changed do, does did
play played see saw

4. H E B O U G H T A P R E S E N T.

5. H E C L I M B E D A M O U N TA I N .

6. H E P L AY E D T H E G U I TA R B U T H E D I D N ’ T P L AY
THE PIANO.

7. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

8. Definition: We use the reflexive pronouns to indicate that the person who
does the action of the verb is the same person who receives the action.
Example 1: I cut my hair myself.
* In this example "I" does the action of cutting the hair and at the same
time "I" gets the action of the hair being cut.
Example 2: We defended ourselves brilliantly.
* In this example the reflexive pronoun "ourselves" refers back to the
subject of the sentence.
Example 3: John talks to himself when he is nervous.
* In this example "Himself" refers to John

9. Exercises
Choose the correct reflexive pronouns from the dropdown menu.
1) Robert made this T-shirt _______________
2) Lisa did the homework ________________
3) We really enjoyed______________ very much.
4) Emma, did you take the photo all by____________ ?
5) I wrote this poem_____________ .
6) He cut with the knife ___________while he was doing the dishes.
7) The lion can defend_______________ .
8) My mother often talks to_________________ .
9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help_____________ .
10) At Christmas friends often give _______________presents.

10. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
CASES AND FORMS

11. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
FORM: have / has + past participle
Affirmative: I have seen the film before.
She has seen the film before.
Interrogative: Have you seen the film before?
Has she seen the film before?
Negative: They haven’t seen the film before.
He hasn’t seen the film before.

12. USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
1- Recent events: It is used to describe recent events without a
definite time. We use just in positive sentences to say that
something happened very recently.
Why are they so happy?
They have just won a prize so
they are really pleased.

13. USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
2- Personal experiences: It is used to express personal
experiences, there is not a definite time given. The time
expressions ever and never are very often used with this
meaning
Have you ever been to Japan?
No, I’ve never been there.

14. USES OF THE PRESENT PERFECT
3- It is used to express actions which started in the past and
are still continuing in the present, the time period is not
finished.
I have lost my keys.
(And I haven’t found them yet.)

15. WE OFTEN USE THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
WITH ALREADY AND YET
Already: Something happened before now or earlier than expected
You can use already in positive sentences. Put already before the
main verb.
Yet: Until now.
You can use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet is usually
at the end.
Example: A) Have you done your homework yet?
B) No, I haven’t done it yet. / Yes, I’ve already done it.

16. THE END