Urban Air Pollution in Developing Country Megacities. A Workshop On Transportation in Developing Urban Areas: Addressing Air Quality and Climate Change Issues by Michael P. Walsh

1. A Workshop On Transportation in Developing Urban Areas: Addressing Air Quality and Climate Change Issues Michael P. Walsh

3. Growth of Vehicle Population in Shanghai, 1988-2002 E:hanghong CHEN对外合作 能源基金会 交通项目 基础数据 机动车统计报表 .xls

4. Beijing November 2004 Shanghai November 2004 China is Rapidly Moving From Coal Based Pollution To Motor Vehicle Related Pollution

5. Current US EPA Annual PM 10 Standard (50) More Stringent WHO PM10 Annual Air Quality Guideline (20) Levels of PM 10 in Latin American Cities (2004 data PAHO) Progress Made, New Concerns as science finds effects at lower exposure levels

8. Delhi

9. Status of Air Quality PM10 levels in Major Chinese Cities (1999 – 2005) NAAQS Class II PM10 limit = 100µg/m 3 But WHO Recommends 20

10. Status of Air Quality NO 2 levels in Major Chinese Cities (1999 – 2005) NAAQS Class II NO 2 limit = 80µg/m 3 But WHO Recommends 40

18. Fixed Site Monitors Tend To Underestimate the Vehicle Problem!

19. ARB In-Vehicle Study Real-Time Fine Particle Counts (L.A. Freeway, AM Rush Hour, Vent Open) Total Particle Counts / cc Fixed Site Monitors Tend To Underestimate the Vehicle Problem (2)

21. Sources of Air Pollution in Latin American Cities (PM10 contribution) Mobile sources significant contributor in urban areas Source: PAHO 2005 Assessment, emissions inventory

22. Sources of Air Pollution in Bangkok

23. RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (RSPM) LEVELS IN AMBIENT AIR

24. OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NO X ) LEVELS IN AMBIENT AIR

26. Emissions From Real Vehicles in Actual Use Are What Impacts On Air Quality

27. Life-cycle Emission Control Note: I/M (Inspection and Maintenance)

29. Actual NOx Levels Are Much Higher Than Type Approval Indicates in EU How have specific NOx emissions of diesel passenger cars evolved in the past? EU 5 Limit

31. Low Sulfur Fuel is Critical to Get Maximum Benefits Sensitivity to Sulfur With Catalyzed Soot Filters

32. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 #90 #93 #97 #90 #93 #97 Reg Pre. Beijing Whole Countries (w/o Beijing) Reference (Japan) Sulfur , ppmw Sulfur Content in Chinese Gasoline Octane Grade 2006 Winter & Summer Euro4 Euro3 (less than 10)

33. 0 10 20 30 40 Manganese, ppmw #90 #93 #97 Reg Pre. Whole Countries (w/ Beijing) Reference (Japan) Octane Grade 2006 Winter & Summer not contain Gasoline Quality in China : Manganese