1. Mexico City and the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety!
! Presented at Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Martha Híjar, PhD!
! Senior Researcher!
! National Academy of Medicine, Mexico!
Transforming Transportation 2013!

2. TRANSFORMING
TRANSPORTATION
Washington
DC
/
January
17-­‐18,
2013
CITIES
AND
THE
DECADE
OF
ACTION
ON
ROAD
SAFETY
Implica(ons
of
the
Decade
of
Ac(on
on
Road
Safety
The
case
of
Mexico
City
Martha
Híjar
PhD
Senior
researcher

3. FRAMEWORK
FOR
THE
DEFINITION
OF
THE
ROAD
SAFETY
PILLARS
Systemic
approach
Souce:
adapted
from
the
world
report
of
road
safety
WHO
2009

4. Approaches
to
Road
Safety
TradiAonal
approach:
• AcAons
and
mecanisms
• knowledge
and
• rules
of
behaviour,
• to
use
the
urban
roads
correctly.
Integral
and
modern
Approach
• Measurements
of
urban
design,
• safe
coexistence
of
every
actor
• social
character
of
the
street.
Fuente:
Sanz
alduán,
Alfonso.
Calmar
el
Tráfico.
Pasos
para
una
nueva
cultura
de
la
movilidad
urbana.
3º
edición.
Madrid
2008.
Ministerio
de
Fomento,
España.

5. Regional
road
safety
Road
safety
management
instruments.
Safety
and
protec(ve
quality
of
road
networks
for
the
all
road
s
m obility
Safe
road users
Safe
vehicles
Road
us
er
beha Develop
programmes
to
viour
improve
road
user
behaviour
Improve
health
systems
to
Post
crash
care
provide
appropriate
emergency
treatment

6.
PILLAR
2
Safe
roads
mobility
Raise
the
inherent
safety
and
protec(ve
quality
of
road
networks
for
the
benefit
of
all
road
users,
especially
the
most
vulnerable.
Courtesy
Baranda
B

7. PILLAR
4:
Road
user
behavior
• Develop
comprehensive
programs
to
improve
road
user
behavior.
• Sustained
or
increased
enforcement
of
laws
and
standards,
combined
with
• Public
awareness/educa(on
to
increase
•
SEAT-­‐BELT
and
•
HELMET
WEARING
rates,
and
INDIVIDUAL
RISK
FACTORS
•
to
reduce
DRINK-­‐DRIVING,
MOTOR
CRASHES
•
SPEED,
and
other
risk
factors

8. MOBILITY
PATTERNS
ACCORDING
FAMILY
INCOME
LOW HIGH
4 PERSONS NO CAR 4 PERSONS TWO CARS
HOME
HOME
GROCERY
SCHOOL
SHOPING
STORE
BUS STOP PHYSICIAN
5
TRIPS
13
TRIPS
BUS STOP 46
Kms.
28
Kms.
SCHOOL
OFFICE
PARTNERS
OFFICE
RESTAURANTE
PUBLIC TRANSPORT BY FOOT CAR TAXI BIKE
Source: Alcântara de Vasconcelos Eduardo,2008

9. WHAT
MEANS
MOBILITY
ON
URBAN
AREAS?
CITY
LIFE
AGE
WORK
INCOME
(social
class)
RESIDENCE
DAILY
ACTIVITIES
• TECHNICAL
PROBLEM
a
SOCIAL
AND
POLITICAL
issue

10. RTI Mortality rates by type of road user
Mexico City 2007-2011
12
10
YEAR
RATES/100,000
IHABITANTS
8
2007
6
2008
4
2009
2010
2
2011*
0
Pedestrian
Cyclist
Motorcyclist
Occupants
Other
RTI
TYPE
OF
ROAD
USER

11. RTI Hospital discharge rates by type of road user
Mexico City 2007-2011
18
16
14
12
YEAR
2007
RATES/100,000
IHABITANTS
10
2008
8
2009
6
2010
4
2011*
2
0
Pedestrian
Cyclist
Motorcyclist
Occupants
Other
RTI
TYPE
OF
ROAD
USER

12. Mexico City Context
— MODEL
(CAR
ORIENTED)
MOST
DISADVANTAGED
ROAD
TRAFFIC
— Needs
of
individual
mobility
PARTIALLY
SOLVED
VS
ROAD
SAFETY
— MODES
OF
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
but
not
interconnected
— Adverse
effects:
Environmental,
human
hours
lost,
physical
and
MENTAL
HEALTH
— Severe
externality
ROAD
TRAFFIC
INJURIES,

13. DistribuAon
of
road
traffic
fataliAes
by
road
user
in
low,
middle
and
high
income
countries
Source:
Naci,
H.,
Chisholm,
D.,
Baker,
T.D.,
2009.
Distribu(on
of
road
traffic
deaths
by
road
user
group:
a
global
comparison.
Injury
Preven(on
15,
55–59

14. CAUSES
OF
DEATH
BY
ROAD
TRAFFIC
INJURIES
LAS
AMERICAS
REGION
2009
100% 2% 1%
8% 8% 10%
12% 14%
90% 20% Others and unespecified
2% 31%
80% 9% 23%
8% 32%
23%
70% 43% Pedestrians
5% 11%
60% 4%
12% 6%
31% 12% Cyclists
50% 6%
2%
40% 8%
74% 5% Motorcyclists
30% 61%
51% 14%
49% 47%
20% 36% Motor vehicle occupants
10% 20%
0%
North Caribe Caribe no Cono Meso Andina TOTAL
America Latino latino sur América
Source:
Reporte
regional
sobre
seguridad
vial
en
Las
Américas.
PAHO
2010

15. Unplanned
urbanizaHon
• Air
pollu(on
• Basic
services
• Sedentary
lifestyle
• Unhealthy
diets
• Injuries
• Urban
poor
• Older
adults
• Immigrant
groups
• Indigenous
popula(on

16. COMMUNITY
DESIGN
AND
HEALTH
• Obesity,
physical
ac(vity,
CVD
Related
to
land
use
• Water
quan(ty
and
quality
Related
to
automobile
• Air
pollu(on
and
asthma
dependency
• Climate
change
contribu(on
• ↑
Car
crashes
• ↑
Pedestrian
injuries
Related
to
social
• Mental
health
impact
processes
• ↓
Social
capital

17. Walking
and
cycling
as
physical
ac(vity
or
as
a
mobility
need?
Outcome
Longevity
Disease
preven(on
Exposure:
pedestrian
CHD
or
cyclist
Cancer
Diabetes
Stroke
Health
promo(on
Mental
health
WALK
AND
CYCLING
ARE
DANGEROUS
BUT
NOT
TO
DO
IT
IS
MORE
DANGEROUS
CONTEXT
IS
IMPORTANT

18. Conceptual model for Safety Promotion
GOVERANCE
AND
SOCIAL
CAPITAL
SUSTENTABILITY
DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
INTERSETORIALITY
AND
INTEGRATIVE
MODEL
FOR
SOCIAL
PARTICIPATION
SOCIAL
NETWORKS
ROAD
SAFETY
MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC
POLICY
HEALTH
PARTICIPATORY
KNOWLEDGE
PROCESS
RESULTS
INEQUITIES

19. CHALLENGES
THE
INDIVIDUAL
RISK
FACTORS
SAFETY
PROMOTION
MODERN,
COMPREHENSIVE
AND
INCLUSIVE
ROAD
SAFETY
APPROACH
NEW
PARADIGM
FOR
MOBILITY.
WALK
SAFETY
AND
INTERCONNECTED
WITH
THE
REST
OF
THE
TRANSPORT
SYSTEM.
INCLUDE
MORE
DETAILED
ACTIONS
BY
TYPE
OF
ROAD
ACTOR
AT
THE
DECADE
OF
ACTION
FOR
ROAD
SAFETY
TO
PROMOTE
THE
MOBILITY
OF
A
SAFE,
EQUITABLE,
HEALTHY
AND
SUSTAINABLE
WAY
FOR
ALL
AND
EACH
ROAD
ACTOR
MOBILITY
POLICIES
BASED
ON
EVIDENCE
BASE
THINK
GLOBALLY/
ACT
LOCALLY
(The
importance
of
the
context)

20. Man
has
lost
the
power
to
YVAN
ILLYCH
conceive
himself
as
something
CONFERENCE
ABOUT
MEXICO
CITY
other
than
a
user
of
motorized
Universidad
Autónoma
de
México
transport.
1970
(42
years
ago)
He
has
lost
consciousness
of
the
physical
,
social
and
psychological
powers
available
to
him
because
of
his
feet.
He
has
forgooen
to
mark
the
scope
of
his
domains
with
his
footprints,
or
to
meet
with
the
neighbors
walking
around
a
park.
He
can’t
find
anyone
without
crashing,
nor
can
he
arrive
without
a
motor
dragging
him

21. GRACIAS
THANK
YOU
mhijar@fundacionentornos.org

22. Transforming Transportation 2013!
! Co-organized by EMBARQ and The World Bank!
! More information at:!
! EMBARQ.org!
! worldbank.org/transport!
! Questions? Comments? Contact us at embarq@wri.org!
! Follow us on Twitter: @EMBARQnetwork!
Transforming Transportation 2013!