Session 3B - 'Road Safety in Indian Cities'

1. Road, Safety and Health – Is there a
disconnect ?
Dr. N Girish, Additional Professor of Epidemiology, NIMHANS

2. Dr N Girish,
Additional Professor of Epidemiology,
Centre for Public Health,
NIMHANS, Bangalore – 560 029

3. Roads
 Critical infrastructure in a nation’s development
 ‘Not just roads but safe roads’

4. 0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
350000
400000
500000
300000
450000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
20
40
60
80
0
100
120
140
160
1980
2005
1985
2006
2007
RTIs 1990
1995
2000
2008 2001
2002
2009 2003
2004
2010
2005
2011 2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
RTI Deaths
2011

5. Road deaths in 10 states 2000-2011

6. Road deaths in 10 states 2000-2011
16000
Uttar Pradesh
14000
Number of
12000
deaths
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
year

7. Road Deaths in Indian cities, 2000-2011
600
Lucknow
Number of deaths 500
400
300
200
100
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 201 201
0 1
year

8. Road Deaths in Indian cities, 2000-2011

9. Road Injuries - Both sexes -
India
All ages
Measurement 1990 2010
Deaths 11 8
Years Life Lost 15 9
DALYs 13 8
15 – 49 yrs (males)
Measurement 1990 2010
Deaths 5 (2) 2 (1)
Years Life Lost 4 (2) 2 (1)
DALYs 4 (2) 2 (1)

11. Indicator Name 80 90 95 00 05 09
Motor vehicles 14 18
(per 1,000 people)
Passenger cars 9 12
(per 1,000 people)
Mobile cellular 0 0 <0. 0.3 7.9 43
subscriptions 01
(per 100 people)
Telephone lines 21 51 120 324 502 371
(00,000)

12. NCAER, 2005 (projected
demand)

13. NCAER, 2005 (/1000 HHs)

14. Health expenditure per capita
(current US$)
60.0 54.2
50.0
40.0
30.0
30.0
20.7
20.0
16.5
10.0
0.0
1995 2000 2005 2010

15. Health and Road Traffic Injuries
 Health Sector bears the brunt
 Provision of care and rehabilitation
 For prevention, management and
rehabilitation, we need evidence
 Number of deaths
 Number of hospitalizations
 Number disabled
 Socio economic impact
 Causes
Who ? / Why ? / Where ? / How ?

17. Road user categories (%)

18. Place of Death
Injury Deaths in Rural areas RTI Deaths in Bengaluru
At crash
site ,
38.00%
In the During
hospital , transpor
51.00% t to
hospital ,
11.00%

19. Place of Road Deaths (%) in
Bengaluru, 2009
Inner Roads, 15
Highway , 27
Rural Roads, 2
Others , 1
City / Municipal
roads , 56

20. Distribution of Fatal RTIs along with
the speed limits of the areas

21. Bengaluru Injury Pyramid
Deaths (1) 5000
Serious Injuries (20) 1,00,000
Minor Injuries (50) 2,50,0000

22. Comparison of the distribution of nonfatal
injuries in urban and rural areas, 2009
Urban Rural
Fall,
Fall of Others,
17.30%
Assault, object, 3.20% Fall, 5.00%
7.40% 2.00%
Road Assault,
Poisoning 19.40%
traffic Anim al
, 4.20%
injury, bites,
62.70% Animal 4.70% Burns,
bites, 4% 2.20%
Fall of
Poisoning,
object, Road traffic
12.00%
Others, 1.80% injury,
51.50%
2.70%

23. Colliding Vehicle with Pedestrians
Fatal RTIs Bangalore (Police) Non-Fatal RTIs Bangalore (Hospital)
Others, 3
2 wheeler Autoriksha
van, 8 w , 10.00% Car ,
, 46.60%
car, 24 12.90%
unknow n
Jeep ,
vehicle, 2
0.70%
Van , 2.40%
2 w heeler, Truck ,
24 4.20%
Bus , 7.20%
bus, 20 Tractor ,
4 Wheeler ,
auto, 6 7.10% Unknown , Cycle ,1.10%
7.20% 0.60%
lorry, 14

24. Helmet use among two wheeler riders : results of an
observational study (%)
Half head
helmet, 32.9
Full
face, 55.6
Half face
helmet, 11.5

25. Road crossing behavior : Results of
observational study (%)
Crossing at all
locations, 16.8
Did not cross
during green Crossing at the
light, 6.2 right time, 43.1
Crossing during
red light, 33.9

26. Public perception study on
drinking and driving -
conclusions
 Drinking and driving is a huge problem
 47% of the surveyed alcohol users drove a vehicle under the
influence of alcohol
 Nearly one fifth (18.5%) sustained or was involved in a RTI /
crash
 Majority of the alcohol users (78%) suffered the consequence of
drinking and driving (injury or hospitalization)
 Alcohol users are twice at risk to be involved in an accident with
another alcohol user.
 Greater numbers (78% alcohol users and 60% non users)
frequently travelled with a person under the influence of alcohol
 Two-thirds were uninformed about the hazards and risks
associated with drinking and driving
 Drinking and driving is hazardous
 One-third had ignored all traffic rules
 Two-third acknowledged that their ability to drive has reduced.

27. Public perception study on drinking
and driving – conclusions (contd)
 Driving under the influence of alcohol poses
several risks
 38% were on a two wheeler
 42% had to travel more than 5 kms
 Greater incidence during weekends
 Drinking and driving is a neglected offence
 Only 2% were caught and of which less than 5% paid
penalty
 9 out of 10 did not know what the penalty was
 95% opined that they would not be caught by the
police
 Less than 1% knew the permissible Blood alcohol
concentration

28. Alcohol consumption in Fatal and Non
fatal injuries in Bangalore
Non fatal
Fatal
Not
Not Known
Known , 13.3
Yes,
, 19.7
19.7
Yes, 7
No,
73.3
No,
62.2

29. Drink Driving
Alcohol presence in road Trend of Drink driving cases
booked by the Bangalore City
crashes in Bangalore police
35
80000
30
60000
25
40000
20
20000
15
0
10
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
5
0
1994 2000 2002 2005 2010
Persons driving under the Alcohol presence in Injury
influence of alcohol: Results cases ( Men, 16 +
from an observational study yrs, night time crashes)
(%)
Alcohol
+ve, 42.8
Alcohol
+ve, 8
Alcohol -
ve, 92
Alcohol -
In 39 police stations, 6202 vehicle ve, 57.2
stopped and checked for Alcohol

30. Workplace Alcohol Prevention Programme
 Reduced drinking
 Improved work performance
 Improved health
 Reduced loans
 Satisfied family

31. Road Safety: a public health
approach
Adopt and monitor
implementation
Develop and test
prevention
strategies
Identify risk and
protective factors
Define the
Vulnerable Road
problem
Users
Vulnerability

32. What works for control of RTIs
 Enforcement of helmet – drink drive – seat belt – speed control
laws.
 Engineering for pedestrian safety in terms of footpaths, crossing places
, speed control mechanisms
 Increasing visibility
 Education to support enforcement and engineering
 Emergency and trauma care strengthening
 Strengthening public transportation
 Improved vehicle safety
 Need for a lead regulatory agency
 Capacity building of all concerned agencies and departments

33. The big
disconnect
Responsibility, Leadership, Coordination – Who?

34. Than
kyou