хичээл 1

1. Simple Past vs.Simple Past vs.
PresentPresent PerfectPerfect
Эдгээр цагуудын хэзээ ямар ед хэрэглэх вэ?үЭдгээр цагуудын хэзээ ямар ед хэрэглэх вэ?ү

2. Санамж :
Grammar has meaning!Grammar has meaning!
Англи хэлний цаг б р тухайн н хц л байдлаасү ө өАнгли хэлний цаг б р тухайн н хц л байдлаасү ө ө
хамааран р р д рмэнд захирагдан ялгаатайөө өө үхамааран р р д рмэнд захирагдан ялгаатайөө өө ү
хэрэглэгддэг.хэрэглэгддэг.
Жишээ ньЖишээ нь . . .. . .

3. simple past
Энгийн нг рс нө ө ө
цаг нь нг рс ндө ө ө
болоод нг рс н,ө ө ө
йл явдлын рн лү ө ө
нь дууссан
йлдлийгү
илэрхийлнэ.
present perfect
Т гс одоо цаг ньө
нг рс ндө ө ө
хийгдсэн
йлдлийгү
илэрхийлэх
хэдий ч одоог
х ртэл р д н ньү ү ү
байсаар байгаа
йлдлийгү
илэрхийлнэ.

4. 
TheThe present perfect
 Т гс одоо цагаар илэрхийлэгдэж байгаа йлдэл нь нг рс н болонө ү ө ө өТ гс одоо цагаар илэрхийлэгдэж байгаа йлдэл нь нг рс н болонө ү ө ө ө
одоо цагийн н хц л байдалтай уялдана.ө өодоо цагийн н хц л байдалтай уялдана.ө ө
 Одоог х ртэл ргэлжилж байгаа йлдэлү ү үОдоог х ртэл ргэлжилж байгаа йлдэлү ү ү
 Дахин тухайн йлдэл болж магадг йү үДахин тухайн йлдэл болж магадг йү ү

5. Compare theCompare the meaningmeaning of these two sentences:of these two sentences:
1. Sara1. Sara livedlived in Boston for 5 years. – past simple tensein Boston for 5 years. – past simple tense
2. Sara2. Sara has livedhas lived in Boston for 5 years.- present perfect tensein Boston for 5 years.- present perfect tense
The first sentence uses:
Simple PastSimple Past
The second sentence uses:
Present PerfectPresent Perfect

6. SaraSara livedlived in Boston for 5 years.in Boston for 5 years.
AND . . . then sheAND . . . then she movedmoved!!
Now she lives in a different city, like Paris.Now she lives in a different city, like Paris.
Д рэмү , the simple past is used for a situation that is over,over,
finished, done!finished, done!

7. SaraSara has livedhas lived in Boston for 5 years.in Boston for 5 years.
AND . . . sheAND . . . she stillstill lives there.lives there.
Д рэмү , present perfect:
connects the past with the present.

8.  Жирийн нг рс н цагт хэрэглэгдэх цагө ө өЖирийн нг рс н цагт хэрэглэгдэх цагө ө ө
хугацааны хэллэгхугацааны хэллэг::
• yesterday
• last Saturday, week, month,
year, etc.
• _______ ago
• when I was…
• in 1990 (past date)
 Т гс одоо цагт хэрэглэгдэх цагөТ гс одоо цагт хэрэглэгдэх цагө
хугацааны хэллэг:хугацааны хэллэг:
• recently/lately
• since …
• so far this
week, month, year, etc.

9. Т гс одоо цагийн талаархөТ гс одоо цагийн талаархө
нэмэлт тайлбарнэмэлт тайлбар
 Т гс одоо цагаар бид таамаглаж байсанаас хурданөТ гс одоо цагаар бид таамаглаж байсанаас хурданө
тухайн йлдэл хийгдсэн тохиолдолд хэрэглэнэ.үтухайн йлдэл хийгдсэн тохиолдолд хэрэглэнэ.ү
Example:Example:
Jan: Don’t forget to mail that letter.Jan: Don’t forget to mail that letter.
Tom: ITom: I’ve’ve alreadyalready mailedmailed it.it.

10.  We often use present perfect to say that we haveWe often use present perfect to say that we have nevernever donedone
something at any time in the past.something at any time in the past.
Example:Example:
II havehave nevernever visitedvisited London. But someday, I hope to travel there.London. But someday, I hope to travel there.

11.  We often use present perfect with the expression:We often use present perfect with the expression:
““This is the first timeThis is the first time.”.”
Example:Example:
Leonard is nervous.Leonard is nervous. This is the first time he has flownThis is the first time he has flown
on an airplane!on an airplane!
This is the first time, I have listened this song.
This is the first time, I have been in front of the crowded
people.

12.  We often use present perfect with “We often use present perfect with “everever” and “” and “nevernever.”.”
Example:Example:
Patricia: Have you ever played tennis?Patricia: Have you ever played tennis?
Linda: No, I’ve never played before, but I would like to learn!Linda: No, I’ve never played before, but I would like to learn!

13. Remember!
If you are talking about a specific time in theIf you are talking about a specific time in the
past (yesterday, last month, etc.), youpast (yesterday, last month, etc.), you cannot
use the present perfect.use the present perfect.
In these cases, use the simple past.

14. For
Affirmative
He / She / It + HAS + Past Participle (=3rd column)
I / You / We / They +HAVE + Past Participle (=3rd column)

15. Negative
He / She / It + HASN’T + Past Participle (=3rd column)
I / You / We / They +HAVEN’T + Past Participle (=3rd column)

16. INTERROGATIVE
HAS + HE /SHE /IT + Past Participle (=3rd column)…?
HAVE + I / YOU / WE / THEY + Past Participle(=3rd column)…?

17. Practice!
Do these exercises with your class.Do these exercises with your class.
Choose the simple past or present perfect and talk about why each
is necessary.
1. When I was a child, I swam (swim) a lot.1. When I was a child, I swam (swim) a lot.
2. So far this week, we have studied (study) a lot.2. So far this week, we have studied (study) a lot.
3. Theo has been (be) very sick recently.3. Theo has been (be) very sick recently.
4. I had (have) a terrible headache yesterday.4. I had (have) a terrible headache yesterday.
5. It has rained (rain) a lot lately.5. It has rained (rain) a lot lately.
6. They got (get) married ten years ago.6. They got (get) married ten years ago.
7. I have been (be) to Balboa Park many times.7. I have been (be) to Balboa Park many times.
8. My family took (take) a vacation last year.8. My family took (take) a vacation last year.

18. Answers!
1.1. When I was a child, I, I swam a lot.a lot.
2.2. So far this week, we, we have studied a lot.a lot.
3. Theo3. Theo has been very sickvery sick recently..
4. I4. I had a terrible headachea terrible headache yesterday..
5. It5. It has rained a lota lot lately..
6. They6. They got marriedmarried ten years ago..
7. I7. I have been to Balboa Parkto Balboa Park many times. (possibly again in the future)
8. My family8. My family took a vacationa vacation last year..

19. Lesson
over