The document discusses atomic magnetic moments, which can be classified into two types: orbital magnetic moments, due to an electron's orbital angular momentum as it orbits the atom's nucleus, and spin magnetic moments, due to the electron's intrinsic spin. An orbiting electron creates an equivalent orbital magnetic dipole moment, while the electron's spin results in a spin magnetic moment that precesses around the atom.

1. Atomic Magnetic Moment
Hamdard University Bangladesh

2. Introduction
Many electrical engineering device such as inductors,
transformer, rotating machines and ferrite antennas are
based on utilizing the magnetic properties of materials.
There are many instances where permanent magnets are
also used. Magnetic properties of materials involve
concepts based on the magnetic dipole moment.

3. Magnetic Dipole Moment
If the circulating current is I and area enclosed by the
current is A then the magnetic moment 𝜇 𝑚 is defined
by,
Definition of a magnetic
dipole moment.

4. Atomic Magnetic Moment
Atomic magnetic moment can be classified into two
types:
o orbital magnetic moment.
o spin magnetic moment.
 An orbital magnetic moment due
to orbital angular momentum.
 A spin magnetic moment due to
electron spin.

5. Orbital magnetic moment (𝜇 𝑜𝑟𝑏)
An orbiting electron is equivalent to
a magnetic dipole moment (𝜇 𝑜𝑟𝑏)

6. Spin magnetic moment (𝜇 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑛)
The spin magnetic moment precesses