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Germany
- 1. LikeHome Assessing and Recognising the Prior Learning of Migrants. Bridging the Gap and Paving the Road to Educational and Social Integration Guidelines for the correct implementation of the LikeHome framework in Germany
- 2. • In individual cases, companies work together with vocational schools, whose training procedures have been “certified” by the companies 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants Labour Migration • There is no clear recognition of skills that cannot be proven by degrees
- 3. Equivalence test: the competent certification authority in Germany checks whether a foreign vocational qualification is equivalent to the German reference occupation 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants Recognition Procedure
- 4. 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants You have to • Prove that you have obtained abroad a professional qualification • Prove that you want to work in Germany You don’t have to • Hold a German citizenship or “residence permit” • Live in Germany yet (you can apply from abroad) Requirements for a Recognition Procedure
- 5. • A qualification analysis is performed in order to prove professional competences in practice • Examples: work sample, expert discussion, trial work 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants Recognition Procedure for missing/incomplete documents The qualification analysis is a practical proof of qualification and not an examination
- 6. 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants Recognised asylum seekers Access to training, internships, and voluntary services is much easier During the asylum procedure Can work without restriction Asylum seekers People seeking asylum are not mainly in the focus of the labour market in Germany, as the asylum procedure is currently the main topic
- 7. 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants Refugees with a residence permit They can start in- company training after 3 months in Germany Refugees who are being tolerated They can start their training without a waiting period Refugees In both cases: a permit must be obtained from the foreigner Department of the City or the district
- 8. High qualified refugees who have a recognised or comparable foreign university degree and earn at least 47600€/year or hold a German university degree (no income limit) can also start employment in Germany after three months 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants Refugees
- 9. • The Employment Agency conducts labour market examination to ensure that refugees are not abused or exploited during working/training 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants Refugees • Refugees can start working for the community as soon as they are assigned to a country
- 10. The Employment Agency developed an aptitude test (“My Skills”) to show the skills, previous knowledge and talents of jobseekers 1. Recognition of prior knowledge for migrants “My Skills” Focus has been given to 8 occupational fields, such as car mechanics, salesmen, farmers, etc. Another 22 occupations will be added during 2018
- 11. The basic database for recognition and career guidance for non – European migrant workers in Germany is 2. Database development Labour Migrants www.make-it-in-germany.com It provides information on Entry and visa procedures Job search Everyday life in Germany
- 12. 2. Database development Through “Make it in Germany” specialists can • Search for suitable job vacancies • Find out which industries and regions lack skilled workers • Receive individual advice on job hunting, job recognition, visas, settling in Germany, etc. Labour Migrants
- 13. …offers instant access to 2. Database development Labour Migrants career opportunities valuable career tips job offers from the: • Apple App Store • Google Play Store • Amazon App Shop in: • German • English • Spanish The “Make it in Germany” app …is available for download
- 14. The initiative “Make it in Germany” is the strongest statement on the way to have something like a pre – migration screening and examination process 3. Pre – migration screening and examination • Regarding other countries, the main objective is to make clear that potential migrants should learn German before they decide to migrate to the country • The Ministry of Interior has a clear focus on the European labour market
- 15. 4. Information provision to migrants The Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) has created an app that provides information on general procedures and also on work and education issues for the newly arrived migrants and refugees
- 16. Currently there are no utilized handling procedures of recognition, as the federal states are responsible for many occupations and have issued their own regulations 5. Improved recognition procedures The federal states are also responsible for determining the equivalence of foreign professional qualifications with the corresponding reference qualifications of the federal states
- 17. The Landkreis Kassel is operating a pilot scheme (“15+5 course”) that aims to improve possibilities of young refugees (20 – 30 years old)for integration to the education system or labour market 6. Bridging Programmes In the framework of the “15+5 course” refugees have • German language lessons • Theoretical trainings for future apprentices and traineeships
- 18. Volunteers are often providing German language lessons even at the reception facilities for refugees 7. Host country language training According to the integration law passed in 2016 by the Federal Government, all foreigners who received their residence permit after 01/01/2015 can attend the integration course, which focuses on learning the German language
- 19. The course covers important topics of everyday life, such as: 7. Host country language training Work and employment Education and training Care and education of children Leisure and social contacts Health and hygiene
- 20. Depending on the type of course attended, information may be provided about: • Writing letters and e-mails in German • Filling in forms • Making phone calls • Applying for jobs • Applying for apprenticeships 7. Host country language training
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Germany has a special tradition in dealing politically and with its administration with the topic of migration. Despite of a massive integration of working migrants since 1960 (mainly migrants coming from Italy, Spain and Greece in the beginning and beginning in 1970 from Yugoslavia and Turkey) there was never an immigration law or a strategy for a coherent migration policy. “Germany is not an immigration country” had been the basis political common sense for a very long time. 1990 (the first year after the German unity) 7 % of the population in Germany was not-German, in 2000 this figure raises to 8.8 % and in 2015 (which is the last official statistic from the German Statistic Bureau) lived 10.5 % not-Germans in Germany. Facing this development, a growing lack of skilled workers and the shrinking German population, the Federal Government started initiatives like a “Immediate program to cover the demand for IT specialists" that existed between 2000 and the end of 2004 (German Green Card). Experts in the field of information technology (IT) who came from a country outside the European Union and not from Switzerland received a five-year residence permit and work permit under the green card, which was subject to certain conditions. The barriers of these conditions had been very high and the program wasn’t that successful. With the introduction of the Immigration Act in 2004 (mainly referring to the EU-Rules for mobility of workers), the green card regulation was incorporated into the Employment Ordinance, so that the separate "green card ordinance" became superfluous. Since then, there has been the possibility of recruiting IT specialists abroad as required, without any quantitative limitation of quotas. However, employees must be employed on salaries customary in the industry as part of an employment relationship subject to social security contributions in Germany. Since 1 January 2009, this regulation has been extended to all academic professions. The lack of skilled workers is still very high and nowadays there are a lot of initiatives to bring academic professionals into the German labour market (like “Work in Hessen”/www.work-in-hessen.de). It’s not part of this project to make an evaluation about the German immigration efforts, but the results are not that convincing. The recruitment of skilled workers is basically orientated to attract workers from EU-member states and from former Yugoslavia. The actual figures of the non-German population shows, that Turkey is ranking highest (Dates 31.12.2015) with 1.5 million, followed by Poland (740.000) and Syria (366.000); but looking at the former Yugoslavia it is 1.1 million people and 613.000 people from the former Soviet Union (that had to be added to the inhabitants with German roots from the former Soviet Union, that are now Germans). Since 2013 and heavily in 2015 the figures of asylum seekers in Germany rose to the highest data of 890.000 new applies for asylum in 2015 in Germany. In 2017 the figure has decreased to 185.000 (30.11.2017). The ones that seek for asylum in Germany are not looking for a work at the first place, but they like to be integrated into the German labour market. Mostly in 2014 and 2015 asylum seekers from Serbia, Albania and Afghanistan are strongly interested to work in Germany. Most of the asylum seekers from Serbia and Albania are actually back in their home countries and are trying to get to the German labour market again without using the “deviation” of the asylum process.
- Foreign qualifications must be recognised in Germany. This formal procedure is called "recognition procedure". There is no clear recognition of skills that have not been proven by degrees. In individual cases, companies with a specific need for skilled workers (nursing professions, metalworking specialists) work together with vocational schools in their home country whose training procedures were previously "certified" by the company. However, these recognitions are only company-related and not universally valid.
- In the recognition procedure, the competent certification authority in Germany checks whether a foreign vocational qualification is equivalent to the German reference occupation, i. e. whether there are no significant differences. Therefore, this test is also called equivalence test. For this purpose, the competent authority requires certificates and documents that provide information on, among other things, the content and duration of the qualification.
- Recognition procedures for missing or incomplete documents are different. In these cases a qualification analysis is used. With a qualification analysis it’s possible to prove the professional competences in practice. This analysis could be for example a work sample, an expert discussion or also a trial work in a company. The qualification analysis is a practical proof of qualification and not an examination. It offers the applier and the potential employer an optimal professional assessment of professional competencies. The qualification analysis results in costs (e. g. material, room or workshop costs, and practitioner). These costs can be borne by job centres, foundations or the Special Fund for Qualification Analyses as part of the "Prototyping Transfer" project. The Federal Recognition Act from 2012 simplifies and standardizes the procedures for the assessment of foreign professional qualifications within the sphere of competence of the Federal Government and opens them up to target groups that have not been entitled to benefit. But as always in Germany there are some exceptions.
- www.make-it-in-germany.com is the official multilingual website for international qualified professionals. It informs people interested in migrating to Germany how to successfully plan their move – from the preparations in their home country right through to their arrival and first steps in Germany.
- Labour Migrants The initiative “Make in in Germany” is the strongest statement on the way to have something like a pre-migrations screening and examination. Even now in times of lack of skilled workers the Ministry of Interior of Germany has a clear focus on migration: “The migration policy of the Federal Republic of Germany serves to control, control and limit the immigration of foreigners into our country. In doing so, the capacity of our society to absorb and integrate as well as our economic and labour market policy interests must be taken into account” (quote from the website of the Ministry referring to migration). The German focus is on the European labour market – the National Job Agency is active in Spain, Italy and the Netherlands. Referring to other countries the main object of German national institutions is to make clear, that potential migrants should learn German, before they decide to migrate to Germany. The “Goethe-Institut” offers German language courses (that potential migrants have to pay) in every state, where a German embassy is settled. Refugees in the labour market No initiatives planned!