The document discusses disaster risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It notes that the Philippines is highly vulnerable to various natural hazards as it lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire and is frequently impacted by earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons and other disasters. It provides an overview of the key hazards affecting different regions of the country. The document also summarizes the country's disaster risk management framework and principles, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches and community participation. It outlines features of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act that strengthens institutions and governance at national and local levels for coordinated multi-sectoral disaster risk management.

1. Understanding Basic
Concepts in DRRM
Disaster Risk Reduction Network Philippines
( DRRNetphils)

2. The Philippines – a disaster risk epicenter

4. EARTHQUAKE
GENERATORS
OF THE
PHILIPPINE
ARCHIPELAGO

5. • Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes,
tsunamis, volcanic hazards
NDCC

6. PHILIPPINE
SEISMICITY
Magnitude 4 or greater
1907 - present

7. DESTRUCTIVE
EARTHQUAKES
OF THE PHILIPPINES

8. HAZARDS IN THE Eastern VISAYAS
• Typhoons
• Floods / Storm Surges
• Landslides
• Tsunami
• Drought
• Earthquakes
• Epidemics
• Agricultural (Infestations )

9. • Archipelagic nature of the Philippine coastal areas -
increases susceptibility to storm surges, tsunamis
and sea level changes.
• Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire – earthquakes,
tsunamis, volcanic hazards
• Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean –
monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La
Niña
• Floods are common due to rains brought by
typhoons and the monsoon.

10. • Lies along the western part of the Pacific Ocean –
monsoons, thunderstorm, ITCZ, typhoons, El Niño, La
Niña

11. SOUTHWEST
MONSOON
(HABAGAT)
NORTHEAST
MONSOON
(AMIHAN)
L
L L
L
INTERTROPICAL
CONVERGENCE
ZONE
TROPICAL
CYCLONE

12. Vulnerability in
Southeast Asia
• A January 2009 mapping study done by Dr.
Arief Anshory Yusuf and Dr. Herminia
Francisco of the Singapore-based Economy
and Environment Program for Southeast
Asia shows the vulnerability of Southeast
Asia alone shows alarming trends.

17. Millions of Filipinos are at risk.

18. • The Philippines ranks number one in the
whole world in terms of number of
reported disaster events within 2009.
• In 2009 the Philippines ranked second in
terms of population affected by natural
disasters and third in the world in terms of
number of people killed. (Source: CRED EM Data,
Human Impact of Disasters, 2009).

19. Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

20. Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

21. Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

22. Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

23. Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

24. Disaster Risk Management
• a range of activities that contribute to
increasing capacities and reducing immediate
and long-term vulnerabilities to prevent or at
least minimize damaging impact in a
community

25. Disaster Risk Management Activities
a) Before the disaster
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• Preparedness
b) During the disaster – emergency reliefs and responses
c) After the disaster
• Recovery: rehabilitation and reconstruction
• “Building back better

26. Disaster Risk Reduction
• It is a proactive approach to minimize vulnerabilities and
disaster risks to minimize loss of life, livelihood and property.
• DRR incorporates aspects of good governance, sustainable
development, risk (natural; human; and climate risks)
assessments, knowledge and education, risk management,
vulnerability reduction, disaster preparedness and response –
guided by principles of human rights and security, gender
equity and equality, cultural sensitivity and empowering
participation.
• It has been said that every $1 spent on risk reduction saves
between $5 and $10 in economic losses from disasters (Eric
Schwartz (UN Deputy Secretary General)).

27. DRRM Framework

28. Disaster
Medium-Term Response
Transitional Housing
Provisional Social Services
Road Clearing
Income Generation
Water System
Rehabilitation
Long-Term Response
Road reconstruction
Social infrastructure
reconstruction
Resumption of Production
Mitigation, Prevention, and
Preparedness
Formation & training of
local disaster committees
Early Warning Systems
Engineering Mitigation
Evacuation Routes
Risk Mapping
Short-Term Response
Search & Rescue
Emergency Food and Water
Temporary Shelter
Bridges
Emergency
Phase
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Pre-Disaster
Phase
The
Natural
Disaster Cycle
Traditional Disaster Cycle

29. Conceptual Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, UNISDR
Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework

30. NOON DAPAT NGAYON
Disasters are unforeseen events
which cannot be prevented.
Disasters can be prevented. We can prepare to
avoid and reduce damage and loss.
Stress is on emergency
response and recovery
Stress is on disaster risk reduction &
management activities before the disaster – on
prevention, mitigation & preparedness
People affected by disasters are
helpless victims and passive
recipients of external aid.
•People affected by disasters are active actors
in reducing their vulnerabilities, in emergency
response and rebuilding their lives and
livelihood.
•People’s existing capacities are used and
strengthened to reduce disaster risk and
vulnerabilities
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

31. NOON DAPAT NGAYON
Disaster management is the sole
responsibility of the NDCC,
local DCCs and specialists such
as the scientist, economist, social
worker, government and NGOs
•Recognition of the importance of community
participation. Disaster risk management is
everybody’s responsibility.
•Stress on building capacity at the national,
local & community levels for an integrated,
multi-stakeholder and responsive disaster
management system.
Focus on physical and material
aid and technical solutions
Covers material, economic, social ,
environmental motivational aspects to reduce
vulnerability
Focus on individual households •Focus on individuals, family and community
risk reduction.
•Linked to community development.
Donors (outsiders) decide on
what the families and community
need.
The community participates in decision making
to prioritize needs and risk reduction solutions.
The aim of disaster management
is to reduce immediate suffering
and meet emergency needs.
The aim of DRRM is to reduce people’s
vulnerabilities and increase capacities to better
prepare and cope with disasters.
Source: Center for Disaster Response, 2010

32. Republic Act No. 10121
“The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010”
(Approved on May 27, 2010; Effective on June 24, 2010)
* DRRM Act Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
– approved on September 27, 2010

33. Republic Act No. 10121
“An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management System,
Providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework and
Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan,
Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other
Purposes”

34. Basis of RA 10121
The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
Priorities for Action:
Governance
Risk
Assessment
Vulnerability
Reduction
Knowledge
Management
Disaster
Preparedness

35. Basis of RA 10121
Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.
Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.

36. Risk reduction tools are ready for adaptation use.
The Hyogo Framework for action is a critical guide.
The World Conference on Disaster Reduction held
from 18 to 22 January 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan,
and adopted the present Framework for Action
2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and
Communities to Disasters (here after referred to as
the “Framework for Action”). The Conference
provided a unique opportunity to promote a
strategic and systematic approach to reducing
vulnerabilities and risks to hazards. It underscored
the need for, and identified ways of, building the
resilience of nations and communities to disasters.3

38. Salient Features of RA 10121
Coherence
with the
international
framework

39. Salient Features of RA 10121
Strengthened institutional
mechanism for DRRM

40. Salient Features of RA 10121
• Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency,
and community-based approach to disaster risk
reduction

41. Salient Features of RA 10121
• Coherence with the international framework
• Adherence to universal norms, principles, and
standards of humanitarian assistance
• Good governance through transparency and
accountability
• Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM
• Integrated, coordinated, multi-sectoral, inter-agency,
and community-based approach to disaster risk
reduction

42. Salient Features of RA 10121
• Empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and
civil society organizations (CSOs) as key partners in
disaster risk reduction
• Integration of the DRRM into the educational system
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
(DRRMF) at the national and local levels
• Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state
of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited acts and
penalties therefor.

43. Key Players under RA 10121
National
Government
Local
Government
Community
Civil
Society

44. Governance
• Restructuring of Disaster Management Institutions
PD 1566 RA 10121
National DCC OCD (Secretariat)
Regional DCC
Provincial DCC
City/Municipal DCC
Barangay DCC
Overseeing Implementing
National
DRRMC
OCD
Regional
DRRMC
Provincial
DRRMC
City/Municipal
DRRMC
Barangay
Devt.Council
Regional OCD
Provincial
DRRMO
Barangay
DRRM
Committee
City/Municipal
DRRMO

45. Governance
• NDRRMC (Sec. 5)

46. Governance
RDRRMC (Sec. 10)
Composition
(Rule 4, Sec. 2)
OCD
CDOs
Chair
DILG
Disaster
Preparedness
DSWD
Response
DOST
Prevention &
Mitigation
NEDA
Rehab &
Recovery
Vice-Chairs
MEMBERS
• Executives of regional offices and field stations of
NDRRMC government agency members
• Other entities that may be invited by the RDRRMC
Secretariat
Existing regional offices of OCD

47. Governance
LDRRMC
Members
(Sec. 11(a))
LDRRMC Members
Members

48. Governance
• LDRRMO (Sec. 12)
DRRM Officer
Administrative &Training Operations & Warning
Research & Planning

49. Governance
What governs DRRM implementation?

50. Governance

51. CSO Participation
• Consultations with key stakeholders is required with respect to
identification, assessment and prioritization of hazards and risks (Sec.
9(c)), development of a manual of operations for volunteers (Sec. 9(o)),
and formulation of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of the Act
(Sec. 25)
• Multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating and sharing
of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and
Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy,
planning and decision-making tools (Sec. (6)(d)).
• A system of accreditation, mobilization and protection of disaster
volunteers, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector
(Sec. 13)
• Mobilization and utilization of their facilities and resources in DRR
activities and during emergencies

52. CSO Participation
• Consultations with key stakeholders is required with respect to
identification, assessment and prioritization of hazards and risks (Sec.
9(c)), development of a manual of operations for volunteers (Sec. 9(o)),
and formulation of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of the Act
(Sec. 25)
• Multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating and sharing
of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information System and
Geographic Information System-based national risk map as policy,
planning and decision-making tools (Sec. (6)(d)).
• A system of accreditation, mobilization and protection of disaster
volunteers, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector
(Sec. 13)
• Mobilization and utilization of their facilities and resources in DRR
activities and during emergencies

53. Sustainability
• Funding
NDRRM Fund – appropriated under the GAA; QRF = 30%
Uses of the NDRRM Fund:
a) Disaster risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and
preparedness activities such as but not limited to training of
personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital
expenditures;
b) Relief, recovery, reconstruction and other work or services
in connection with natural or human-induced calamities
which may occur during the budget year or those that
occurred in the past two (2) years from the budget year.

54. Sustainability
• Funding
LDRRMF - not less than five percent (5%) of the estimated
revenue from regular sources ; QRF = 30%
Uses of the LDRRMF:
a) pre-disaster preparedness programs including training,
purchasing life-saving rescue equipment, supplies and
medicines;
b) post-disaster activities; and,
c) payment of premiums on calamity insurance

55. Thank you.