Selenium is a powerful tool that manages web browsers by programs and automates browsers. It runs on all popular Operating System browsers, and its scripts are written in different languages, such as Python, Java, C#, Java etc.
2. Selenium is a powerful tool that manages web browsers by programs and automates browsers. It runs on
all popular Operating System browsers, and its scripts are written in different languages, such as Python,
Java, C#, Java etc.
Selenium Basics
3. .
Selenium IDE
The main instrument in the Selenium Suite is the Selenium IDE. For Selenium testing, it is a full
integrated production environment. It is introduced as a Chrome Plugin and as a Firefox Add-On. It
allows for practical checks to be registered, edited and debugged. It was once named the Selenium
Recorder. Shinya Kasatani originally developed Selenium-IDE and donated it to the Selenium project in
2006. Selenium IDE was little-maintained previously. In 2018, Selenium IDE started being actively
managed.
Selenium is a versatile program-based web browser management tool. For all browsers, it runs on all big
OSs and the scripts are written in different languages, Python, C#. We’re going to deal with Python.
There are four key components of selenium: Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium Web engine,
Selenium GRID
4. Scripts can be manually registered and modified automatically, giving support for autocompletion and the
ability to pass commands around quickly. Scripts are written in Selenian, Selenium’s special test scripting
language. Selenese offers commands to execute browser actions and to extract data from the resulting
pages.
5. Selenium Grid is a server for experiments to use instances of a web browser operating on remote computers.
One node, with Selenium Grid, serves as the hub. To gain access to browser instances, the tests touch the
centre. The centre maintains a list of servers providing access to instances of a browser and requires
experiments to use those instances. Selenium Grid helps several computers to perform parallel experiments and
to centrally control various browser versions and browser configurations. The ability to run tests on remote
browser instances is helpful in distributing the test load over several computers and performing tests on various
devices or operating systems running browsers. This is especially helpful in situations where not all browsers
will run on the same platform to be used for testing.
Selenium GRID
6. Selenium Remote Control is a server that accepts browser commands via HTTP and is written in Java. RC
makes it easy to write automated tests in any programming language for a web application, which helps
Selenium to be further implemented with current unit test systems. The Selenium project currently offers
client drivers for PHP, Python, Ruby to make writing tests simpler. It is also possible to use the Java driver
using JavaScript. To start the html test case, an instance of selenium RC server is required, which means
that the port should be different for each parallel run. However, only one Selenium RC instance needs to
run continuously for Java and PHP test file.
Selenium(RC) Remote Control
7. The successor to Selenium RC is Selenium WebDriver. Selenium WebDriver accepts and transfers
commands to a server. This is achieved by a browser-specific browser driver that sends commands and
retrieves results to a browser. For most browser drivers, there is also a HtmlUnit browser driver which
simulates a search engine using the headless HtmlUnit browser to start and open a browser application
directly. Selenium WebDriver does not require a special server in order to run tests. The WebDriver, instead,
begins a browser instance directly and manages it. With WebDriver, however, Selenium Grid can be used to
run experiments on remote devices. Instead of browser-based JavaScript instructions, WebDriver uses
native operating system level features where possible to drive the browser. This bypasses concerns with
minor differences, including security limitations, between native and JavaScript commands.
Selenium Web Driver
8. •Easier to understand and implement:
•Selenium commands are listed in terms of multiple classes, making it easy to recognize and execute
them.
•Open Source and Portable:
•Selenium is a Web testing application that is open source and scalable.
•Lesser resources required:
•Compared to its rivals like UFT, RFT, etc., Selenium needs fewer energy.
•Reduce test execution time:
•Selenium supports the execution of parallel tests, which decreases the time needed to perform parallel
tests.
•Parallel Test Execution:
•It also encourages the execution of concurrent experiments, which decreases time and improves test
performance.
Features of Selenium Python
9. •Maintenance and Scalability:
•Selenium is a maintenance-heavy structure and it is difficult to scale as one grows.
•No support for REST and SOAP Platforms:
•On web resources like SOAP or REST, we can’t run automation tests using Selenium.
•Image Testing:
•Testing should not be carried out on photos. For image testing, one needs to combine Selenium with
Sikuli.
•No Reporting capability:
•Selenium does not have any inbuilt self regulation, for test reports one has to rely on plug-ins such as JUnit
and TestNG.
•No support for desktop applications:
•For desktop software, Selenium does not allow research.
•Expertise:
•Selenium wants the team’s experience and management tools.
Limitations
10. In order to check that it functions as intended, Selenium WebDriver is used to simplify web application testing. Most browsers, such as
Firefox, Chrome, IE, and Safari, support it.
However, by using the Selenium WebDriver, we can simplify checking only for web applications.
•Less burden and stress for testers:
•As described above, the amount of time required for evaluating repeated test scenarios on and and every new build is virtually reduced to
nothing. The tester’s stress is thus minimized.
•Open Source and Portable:
•Selenium is a Web testing application that is open source and scalable.
•Cost reduction for the Business Clients:
•The organization has to pay a salary to the testers, which is avoided by using the automation testing tool. Not only does technology save
time, but the enterprise still benefits from cost advantages.
•Reduce test execution time:
•Selenium supports the execution of parallel tests, which decreases the time needed to perform parallel tests.
•Increased test coverage:
•Testing time is shortened with the use of Selenium, meaning the tester can perform further testing on other test scenarios at the same
time.
Applications
