Polydextrose changes the gut microbiome and attenuates fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels in western diet fed mice

1. Krista Salli1
, Sofia D. Forssten1
, Sampo Lahtinen1
, Arthur C. Ouwehand1
INTRODUCTION
Polydextrose changes the gut microbiome and attenuates fasting
triglyceride and cholesterol levels in western diet fed mice
1
DuPont Nutrition & Health
Global Health & Nutrition Science
Sokeritehtaantie 20
02460 KANTVIK, FINLAND
heli.putaala@dupont.com
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Heli Putaala1*
, Ghulam Shere Raza2*
, Ashley Hibberd3
, Esa Alhoniemi4
, Kirsti Tiihonen1
, Kari Mäkelä2
, Karl-Heinz Herzig2,5,6
Polydextrose (PDX) is classified non-viscous soluble fiber. It is unique among fibers by providing sustainable, partial fermentation
throughout the colon, which provides benefits of both soluble fiber with production of short chain fatty acids even distally, and also
insoluble fiber by decreasing the colonic transit time (1). Since polydextrose can act as an energy source for gut microbiota and
modify the composition of the microbiome (1), we got interested how polydextrose might affect the microbiota during western-diet
feeding, especially because polydextrose has been reported to affect the lipid parameters both in animal and in human studies (2).
2
Institute of Biomedicine,
Department of Physiology
and Biocenter of Oulu
University of Oulu
Oulu
FINLAND
3
DuPont Nutrition & Health
Genomics & Microbiome Science
St. Louis
MO, USA
4
Avoltus Oy
Turku
FINLAND
5
Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism
Poznan University of Medical Sciences
Poznan
POLAND
6
Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu
Oulu
FINLAND
MATERIALS & METHODS
C57BL/6 male mice were fed Western diet (5% fiber, 41% kcal fat) with 150 mg/day polydextrose (Litesse® Ultra, DuPont Nutrition
and Health) in water (PDX) (n=11, WD+PDX)) or with water alone (WD control) (n=9) by oral gavage for 14 days. Body weight and
food intake were monitored daily. After the feeding period, 12-hour fasting blood samples were collected for total cholesterol and
triglyceride measurement, in addition to which cecal digesta were collected for Illumina 16S rRNA V4 amplicon sequencing.
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
Polydextrose, when administered together with western diet decreased the blood fasting triglyceride and cholesterol values. This was
associated with a decrease in cumulative food intake, which could be due to satiety effect seen in humans (3). There was a clear
segregation of the diet groups in terms of microbiota. Polydextrose increased the abundance of Allobaculum, and bifidobacteria, both
of which is depleted in obesity (4,5), and Coriobacteriaceae spp., which can have role also in metabolic disorders (6).
Figure 1. Fasting plasma triglyceride (a) and
total cholesterol values (b) showed a decreased
values in WD+ PDX mice compared to WD. A
box plot representing the 25th
to 75th
percentile
distribution of the data with whiskers to 5th to
95th percentile. Statistics: t-test
Figure 2. WD + PDX mice showed a decreased
cumulative food intake during the 14-d feeding
period. No change in Body weight between
groups (data not shown) Statistics: t-test
Figure 3 Alpha-diversity (a) observed OTUs and
(b) phylogenetic diversity for cecal microbiota in
WD and WD+PDX mice. The values are
presented as Mean ± SD. * p≤0.05, ** p≤0.01;
Non-parametric t-test using 1000 Monte Carlo
permutations.
Figure 5. Relative abundance of caecal bacteria at a phylum (a)
level and genus (b) level shows enrichment of Actinobacteria, and
Dorea, Sutterella, Coprococcus, [Prevotella]. Bifidobacterium,
Coriobacteriaceae spp., Parabacteroides and Allobaculum,
respectively, in WD+ PDX mice. Statistics: Mann-Whitney U test
with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction, p≤0.05
Figure 4. Weighted UniFrac distance in cecal microbial communities from WD and WD+PDX mice shown by Principal
coordinates analysis (PCoA) illustrates a clear significant sample clustering by diet. Statistics: PERMANOVA,
P< 0.001.
0
500
1000
1500
-Diversity,
ObservedOTUs
WD
WD+PDX
**
A.
40
50
60
70
80
PhylogeneticDiversity,
Faith'sWholeTree
*
B.
WD
WD+PDX
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Day 2
Day 4
Day 6
Day 8
Day 10
Day 12
Day 14
WD
WD + PDX
p<0.05
p<0.005
p<0.005
p<0.005
p<0.05
p<0.05
p<0.05
Food intake/Body weight (g)
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
Actinobacteria
Proteobacteria
Deferribacteres
Verrucomicrobia
Unassigned
Phyla < 0.1%
Enriched in WD
Enriched in WD+PDX
WD WD+PDX
0
20
40
60
80
100
Relativeabundance(%)
Allobaculum
Clostridiales spp.
Bacteroides
S24-7 spp.
Oscillospira
Parabacteroides
Ruminococcaceae spp.
Lachnospiraceae spp.
Coriobacteriaceae spp.
Bifidobacterium
Bilophila
Mucispirillum
[Ruminococcus]
[Prevotella]
Akkermansia
Rikenellaceae spp.
Desulfovibrio
Lactococcus
Coprococcus
Ruminococcus
Sutterella
Bacteroidales spp.
Dorea
Adlercreutzia
RF32 spp.
Enterococcus
Lactobacillus
Unclassified Lachnospiraceae
Dehalobacterium
Odoribacter
Unclassified Ruminococcaceae
Unassigned
Genera < 0.1%
WD WD+PDX
Enriched in WD
Enriched in WD+PDX
A.
B.
0
50
100
150
Fastingtriglyceride
(mg/dL)
P=0.000465
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fastingtotalcholesterol
(mg/dL)
P=0.0197
WD
WD + PDX
A. B.
0.2
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.2 0.0
-0.1
-0.1 0.1 0.2-0.3-0.4
0.3
0.3 0.4
PCoA - PC1 vs PC2
PC1 - Percent variation explained 57.37%
PC2-Percentvariationexplained14.32%
WD
WD+PDX
References: 1. Do Carmo et al. Nutrients 2016; 2. Putaala In: Lipid Metabolism, Intech 2013; 3. Ibarra et al. Appetite 2015; 4. Ravussin et al. Obesity 2012; 5. Kalliomäki et al. 2008; 6. Karlsson et al. Nature 2013