How to Write Successful Grant Proposals
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The document provides guidance on writing successful grant proposals and avoiding common mistakes. It discusses problems with presentation such as poor organization, language errors, and formatting issues. It also addresses scientific flaws like failing to properly select a project, develop hypotheses, or leaving insufficient time for revisions. Specific tips include outlining proposals clearly, using concise language, and getting feedback from others. The document emphasizes focusing grant applications, including clear objectives and significance, and demonstrating ability to complete the work with preliminary data.
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How to Write Successful Grant Proposals
- 1. DR KHYATI BORIYA 1 How to Write a Successful Grant Proposal
- 2. Common Mistakes in Grant Application 1. Problems in presentation 2. Scientific flaws DR KHYATI BORIYA2
- 3. Common Mistakes in Grant Application 1. Problems in presentation: • Poorly organized • Language errors and incorrect formatting • Clarity problems DR KHYATI BORIYA 3
- 4. Problems in Presentation Problem: Poorly organized Solutions: • Think logically • Outline the whole proposal clearly before write • Explain science clearly (don’t assume reviewers know everything) DR KHYATI BORIYA 4
- 5. Problems in Presentation Problem: Language errors and clarity problems Solutions: -- Use concise and clear language -- Read at least 3 times before submitting (don’t rely solely on computer spelling and grammar check) -- Ask somebody with good writing skills to check English DR KHYATI BORIYA 5
- 6. Problems in Presentation Problem: Incorrect format Solutions: • The height of the letter: not smaller than Arial-10 or Times New Roman-12 point • Vertical density: no more than 6 lines of type within a vertical inch • Margins: at least 0.5 inch (suggest: 0.75) DR KHYATI BORIYA 6
- 7. Scientific Flaws 1. General Selecting project Developing hypothesis Setting the research objective 2. Abstract 3. Specific aims 4. Background and significance 5. Preliminary data 6. Research design and methods 7. References DR KHYATI BORIYA 7
- 8. Scientific Flaws in General Write a proposal in two weeks? Never do it! Solution: 1. Plan to write your grant as early as possible 2. Never submit your application if it is not your best effort --One application can be revised only 2 times --A failure will produce a bad record --Revision will take at least 6 months 3. Leave enough time for modification DR KHYATI BORIYA 8
- 9. Selecting Project Ideal Project: • Important and needed • Novel • Not too much controversy • You have a strong background • Large room for new methodology • You have plenty of preliminary data • Easy to establish a collaboration team DR KHYATI BORIYA 9
- 10. Selecting Project Common Mistakes “I like this issue” Should be based on significance, not on your interest “Although this is not new, I have been doing this for years” Innovation is critical “Although it is controversial, I can resolve it” Should avoid too much controversy DR KHYATI BORIYA 10
- 11. Hypothesis Where is the place to describe hypothesis? 1. Abstract (1 sentence) 2. Specific Aims (a few sentences) 3. Experimental Design (in detail) Key: keep consistency DR KHYATI BORIYA 11
- 12. Research Objective What is the objective of a project • It is not long-term goal, but is the a step toward the long-term goal • It defines the purpose of the proposed research • It should be phrased in such a way that the central hypothesis clearly grows out of it DR KHYATI BORIYA 12
- 13. Abstract How to do it? • Clearly state your long-term goal • Review the background of this area and unsolved problems • Clearly state your objective(s) of this project and why you select this objective • Summarize your specific aims and anticipated results • State the significance of this project DR KHYATI BORIYA 13
- 14. Specific Aims: How To Do It? Linkage is the key Paragraph 1. Introduction -- Opening statement -- What are known -- What are unknowns (gaps) -- Frame the problem which is most important Paragraph 2. Goal, objective and hypothesis paragraph -- Long-term goal DR KHYATI BORIYA 14
- 15. Specific Aims: How To Do It? Paragraph 3. Individual aims -- Concise and clear words -- Cover the experimental designs and methods -- Don’t overstate them -- Should not contain comments Paragraph 4. Significance -- How innovative DR KHYATI BORIYA 15
- 16. Background and Significance Problems: -- Too broad and not focused, Solution: only review the related materials -- Never frame the problem. Solution: clearly state what the problem is -- Too many references Solution: cite only critical papers -- Ignore the critical or new reports Solution: cite newest and influential references DR KHYATI BORIYA 16
- 17. Preliminary Studies Purpose To demonstrate 1) your hypothesis is correct 2) you have the ability, methodology and equipment to do it DR KHYATI BORIYA 17
- 18. Preliminary Studies Problem 1: Not enough data Solution: 1) Wait for next cycle 2) Apply for smaller grants Problem 2: Data are not solid Solution: Don’t use them. Problem 3. Showing to much data Solution: Select best data to show. Focus on the goals; 1 or 2 figures or tables for each aim DR KHYATI BORIYA 18
- 19. Research Design and Methods Common Mistakes: • Too ambitious • Descriptive • No anticipated results • No alternative plan • Inappropriate methods DR KHYATI BORIYA 19
- 20. Research Design and Methods Problem 1: Too ambitious Solutions: 1) Calculate the work amount 2) Focus on one critical issue DR KHYATI BORIYA 20
- 21. Research Design and Methods Problem 2: Descriptive Solutions: 1) Select one important issue 2) Study the underlying mechanism 3) Delineate the issue completely DR KHYATI BORIYA 21
- 22. Research Design and Methods Problem 3: No anticipated results Solutions: • Describe what results you expect to get • State the weakness of the design and methods • List potential problems and Anticipated difficulties • Predict the impact on the whole project DR KHYATI BORIYA 22
- 23. Research Design and Methods Problem 4: No alternative plan Solutions: Design solid backup plan How to do it: -- Only for critical issues -- Clearly explain your alternative studies -- Use reliable and predictable design -- Don’t use risky procedures DR KHYATI BORIYA 23
- 24. References Problem 1: Too many references Solutions: Select related, new, and influential papers to cite. Reference number should not over 100 for application Problem 2: Incorrect references Solutions: Search the whole area and select critical papers DR KHYATI BORIYA 24
- 25. References Problem 3: Unclear format Solutions: List references numerical or alphabetical and clearly cite them in the text Problem 4: Incorrect citing Solutions: Check the list and citing carefully DR KHYATI BORIYA 25
- 26. Budget Mistakes: Too large or too small Solution: -- Understand that budget size will not influence your score -- Calculate your cost correctly -- Request in modules DR KHYATI BORIYA 26
- 27. You Got The Grant DR KHYATI BORIYA 27
- 28. Business Ethics Fundamentals DR KHYATI BORIYA 28
- 29. Introduction Inventory of Ethical Issues in Business • Employee-Employer Relations • Employer-Employee Relations • Company-Customer Relations • Company-Shareholder Relations • Company-Community/Public Interest DR KHYATI BORIYA 29
- 30. Business Ethics: What Does It Really Mean? Definitions • Ethics involves a discipline that examines good or bad practices within the context of a moral duty • Moral conduct is behavior that is right or wrong • Business ethics include practices and behaviors that are good or bad DR KHYATI BORIYA 30
- 31. Sources of Ethical Norms DR KHYATI BORIYA 31 Fellow Workers Family Friends The Law Regions of Country Profession Employer Society at Large Fellow Workers Religious Beliefs The Individual Conscience
- 32. Ethics and the Law • Law often represents an ethical minimum • Ethics often represents a standard that exceeds the legal minimum DR KHYATI BORIYA 32 Ethics Law Frequent Overlap
- 33. Making Ethical Judgments DR KHYATI BORIYA 33 Behavior or act that has been committed Prevailing norms of acceptability Value judgment and perceptions of the observer compared with
- 34. Ethics, Economics, and Law DR KHYATI BORIYA 34 6-14
- 35. 3 Models of Management Ethics DR KHYATI BORIYA 35 Three Types Of Management Ethics
- 36. 3 Models of Management Ethics 1. Immoral Management—A style devoid of ethical principles and active opposition to what is ethical. 2. Moral Management—Conforms to high standards of ethical behavior. 3. Amoral Management – Intentional - does not consider ethical factors – Unintentional - casual or careless about ethical considerations in business DR KHYATI BORIYA 36
- 37. Three Models of Management Morality and Emphasis on CSR DR KHYATI BORIYA 37 6-19
- 38. Making Moral Management Actionable Important Factors • Senior management • Ethics training • Self-analysis DR KHYATI BORIYA 38
- 39. Developing Moral Judgment DR KHYATI BORIYA 39 6-23
- 40. Developing Moral Judgment External Sources of a Manager’s Values • Religious values • Philosophical values • Cultural values • Legal values • Professional values DR KHYATI BORIYA 40
- 41. Developing Moral Judgment Internal Sources of a Manager’s Values • Respect for the authority structure • Loyalty • Conformity • Performance • Results DR KHYATI BORIYA 41
- 42. Elements of Moral Judgment • Moral imagination • Moral identification and ordering • Moral evaluation • Tolerance of moral disagreement and ambiguity • Integration of managerial and moral competence • A sense of moral obligation DR KHYATI BORIYA 42
- 43. Business Etiquette DR KHYATI BORIYA 43
- 44. What Is Business Etiquette? • Rules that allow us to interact in a civilized fashion • Code of behavior that is grounded in common sense and cultural norms • Manners matter in the workplace DR KHYATI BORIYA 44
- 45. The Business Handshake Handshakes are the physical greetings that go with your words~ Unknown • How to shake hands • When to shake hands • When not to shake hands • Handshakes to avoid DR KHYATI BORIYA 45
- 46. Introductions in Business I look upon every day to be lost, in which I do not make a new acquaintance~ Samuel Johnson • Introducing yourself • Introducing others • Responding to introductions • What to do when you can’t remember names • Secret to remembering names DR KHYATI BORIYA 46
- 47. Mixing and Mingling in Business • Prepare in advance • Arrive early • Position yourself • Work the crowd • Don’t clump • Know when to leave DR KHYATI BORIYA 47
- 48. Secrets of a Great Conversationalist • Prepare • Make eye contact & smile • Take responsibility • Use icebreakers • Ask the right kinds of questions • Be a good listener DR KHYATI BORIYA 48
- 49. Exchanging Business Cards • Carrying your card • Presenting your card • Receiving a card • When to exchange cards • With whom to exchange cards • Never leave the office without a good supply. DR KHYATI BORIYA 49
- 50. Body Language • A person’s posture, facial expressions, and gestures send messages. • Sometimes the message is loud and clear; sometimes its is open for interpretation. DR KHYATI BORIYA 50
- 51. Communicating in a High-Tech World The telephone is lie the theatre~ when the phone rings you are on. Be a star! • Answering the phone • Managing the hold button • Transferring calls • Effective screening techniques DR KHYATI BORIYA 51
- 52. Dressing for the Occasion By the time we meet and converse, we have already spoken to each other in an older more universal tongue.~ Allison Lurie, Author of The Language of Clothes • Business professional attire • Personal props and accessories • The real meaning of business casual DR KHYATI BORIYA 52
- 53. In Conclusion • Manners will make the difference in whether you get that customer, a promotion, or that first job! • Business etiquette is simply about feeling and showing kindness and respect for those around you. It is about exercising good judgment. • Stop to hold a door, offer to help with a heavy package, or go out of your way to say thank you! DR KHYATI BORIYA 53
- 54. Reference: DR KHYATI BORIYA 54 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service www.fws.gov (see “Grants at a Glance”) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration www.coralreef.noaa.gov/grants.html USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/
- 55. Thank You Hemantri Mam and Friends DR KHYATI BORIYA 55
- 56. Any Questions? THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME! DR KHYATI BORIYA 56
Hinweis der Redaktion
- There is often very little difference in goods and services from one business to another, what distinguishes one individual from the other is their interpersonal skills. Know how to treat others with respect and courtesy. Being at ease and being able to put others at ease is what gives businesses the competitive edge. Many of the rules have been around for centuries and others have appeared as the result of recent lifestyle changes. Business etiquette and social etiquette are not the same thing, but do overlap. Increased presence of women in the workplace, ADA, and technology. Netiquette is a term coined to designate the rules of etiquette on the internet.
- This is one of the most important things we do in business. Have your fingers extended, thumb out to side, and make contact web to web, close thumb and give a slight squeeze, go up and down about 1 ½ to 2 times. At business events, at first meetings, when leaving, during or right after an introduction, to congratulate someone, to thank someone, when you haven’t seen someone in a while, when greeting people in your office. When you have a cold~ but explain why you are not shaking hands. When the other person’s hand is occupied. Avoid the dead fish, the glove, the finger tip or bone crushing handshakes. Always be ready to shake hands, keep your right hand free and be sure to hold purses, briefcases, cups etc…with your left hand. If you are sitting (women) be sure to stand to shake hands in a business setting.
- When you do not know others do it immediately. This will clue others to do the same. Introduce the least important person to the most important person. For example “Mr. Riles I would like to introduce to you Mr. Brown, our Experiential Education Coordinator.” When responding say “hello, it is nice to meet you”, and get the conversation started, be sure to give and get information from the other person. No, running away is not an option! Just say, I’m so sorry I have just forgotten your name. Be sure to apologize! Or say “ have you two met each other” and that sometimes will get the ball rolling. To remember other peoples names, be sure to say their name on the first part of the conversation and at logical times. Don’t be thinking about what you will say next and miss the person’s name, this will keep you from hearing it and remembering it. Get a story about a person’s name, this will also help you remember. Rules: Always make the introduction Introduce the most important person first Give information about the introduced person Smile and make eye contact Introduce yourself a lot
- To overcome mingling phobia prepare yourself in advance. Know what is going on in the world/current events. Call and find out who will be at the event to prepare yourself for people who will be there. Early bird- at least 5 minutes in advance, that way you are not playing catch up and trying to get yourself into conversations that have already begun. See the people you want to see. Opportunities will present themselves. Stand about 15 feet from the door and at 45 degrees, that way you can see everyone who comes in. DON’T GO STRAIGHT TO THE BAR! Have a plan, you should already know who will be there since you prepared, you have found who you want to talk to. Be in and out of conversations, make them quick this way you can float around the room. Get good exit lines…have you had any of the food or drink? Practice these lines to end a conversation but be graceful. Don’t sit or stand with people from your office. Sit with people you want to build relationships with. Don’t become part of the clean up crew- know when to leave. Pay attention to the clock. To get into the conversation- 3 or more people are a group, don’t interrupt them, ease into the conversation. Preferably find one or two people not in conversation or light conversation.
- Once again prepare. People that talk too much or too fast seem nervous and insecure. People who talk at the wrong time are viewed as inconsiderate. Eye contact and a smile are essential to a positive impression. Looking at others says that you are paying attention and are interested in what they are saying. Maintain eye contact between 50 to 60% of the time. Smiling can make all the difference in the world, it relaxes the other person and it says that you are a friendly and confident person. All the well-heeled shoes and Casual Corner suits can never make up for a tense or unhappy facial expression. Take responsibility for the small talk, approach people, and get the conversation going. Engaging in small talk prior to a meeting helps establish a friendly relationship with others. This is a learned skill which requires a genuine interest in others. Use icebreakers to get the conversation going…how bout them Eagles is not an option. Ask questions that are going to generate more conversation, not just yes or no questions. This will keep the conversation going and will leave out uncomfortable silences. Some of us think that a good conversation is when you do all the talking, when in fact, it happens when you listen more than you talk. It is knowing when to talk, when to listen, and most especially how to listen.
- Have cards printed on nice paper and it should include all the important information such as your company name and logo, name, title, address, phone and fax number, and email if you have one. Have your card in a convenient place. It is suggested that you have a nice carrying case. Don’t hand out a card that is tattered and torn or wrinkled, your card is an extension of your personality and it will show if you treasure your cards. Hand out your card in a way that the receiver can read it. And as the receiver, acknowledge something about the person. This shows that you read the card. You might mention something about the logo or comment on the office location. Think of something! Use selective judgment when handing out your card. Don’t just deal them like a deck of cards. Don’t ask for cards during a meal, wait until the meal is over. Never, never exchange cards at a social function. Doing this will make you look opportunistic and can be insulting to your host/ess Don’t give outdated cards. Never cross out outdated information and put new information. Take the time to make new cards. Exchange cards with people you want to build a relationship with.
- Hands belong out in the open in business! Above your neck- fiddling with hair, fingers in nose or mouth. It makes you appear nervous or uneasy. In your pockets~ looks like you are hiding something, unsure of yourself, arrogant Behind your back~ Eastern people are uneasy with this position again they may think you have something to hide or are ill at ease. Your hands should rest at your side when standing. On other people~ Don’t touch others unless you really know them, this can lend itself for an uncomfortable situation. No matter how well intentioned, a pat on the back or a touch on the arm can be misunderstood. Under the table~ forget what your mother told you about keeping your hands on your lap. Hands belong on the table where they can be seen. Rest your arms at wrist level. On the words of Mae West “no uncooked joints on the table, please.” Keep your distance, don’t stand too close or too far away. For Americans, about arms’ length is a good length Remember the way you stand and where your hands are sends a message.
- Over 75% of business is conducted by phone. Every phone contact is an opportunity to build customer relations. By the same token, a single phone call handled improperly can result in not just one lost customer, but maybe several. Unhappy callers will not keep the negative experience to themselves. It is not what you say, but how you say it! Make it a point to smile when you are talking on the phone. It may sound strange, but the smile comes out in your voice. Greet the caller with a professional Hello or good morning followed by the company name, your name and may I help you? Avoid eating or drinking while on the phone, those sounds are magnified when you are on the phone since it is right there next to your mouth. 5 Forbidden phone phrases: I don’t know- instead say I’m not sure but let me find out Just a second- instead be truthful and let them know the actual amount of time We can’t do that- instead we wish we could do that but unfortunately… You will have to- instead you will need to NO! If you must place the person on hold, ask them- may I put you on hold …not “please hold” then push the hold button instantly. Also let them know how long the wait will be. When transferring be sure to advise the caller you are doing so, and that the person is there to answer the phone. Don’t just push the button when the caller asks for whom they wish to speak. Phone calls can get disconnected, so be sure to let them know the number you are putting them through to so they can call back. Use these phrases when screening phone calls: May I? Let me… Don’t use fill in the blanks like… And your name is… Calling regarding… You are with who… When handling irate callers use the ASAP method…Apologize, Sympathize, Accept, Prepare to help. Don’t use child like or parental behavior. Things to avoid saying: She has not made it in yet….She is out sick….She is tied up….Please call back…. I have no idea where she is
- People judge us by the way we dress, whether we like it or not! In all situations our dress sends a message. If you wish to promote yourself and your organization, you need to know what constitutes appropriate business dress. One size does not fit all! Dress for the industry you work for, the job you have, the position you have, the region of the country you are in, the climate, what the customer expects to see. For personal props and accessories use the rule of 13. Start counting your accessories: Earrings count as 2 Watch Bracelets Belt and buckle Shoes and adornments Pins Scarves Rings Purse Briefcase Etc. When you have reached 13 you are at your limit. Or you can just turn away from a mirror and then turn and face it and the first thing that catches your eye take off…not clothing wise! Of course. Business casual is one notch down from business professional, not from a suit to jeans. That is going from one extreme to another. It is not your favorite set of old comfy clothes. Don’t dress casual if you are having a meeting.
- Many of the rules of manners have to do with seemingly unimportant details. Does it really matter if your shoes are not shined, if your business card is out of date, if you don’t stand to shake hands, or if you skip the small talk and get right down to business? Everyone of those details counts in your quest for success and your search for excellence. If you have any doubt, look around you at the successful people. Note their behavior and you will see that they follow the rules of etiquette and pay attention to the fine points. J.W. Marriott said it best– “It’s the little things that make the big things possible.”