WWI

1. World War I
“The War to End All
Wars”
1914-1918

2. Vocabulary
Militarism (Militarismo) - policy of building up strong
military forces to prepare for war
Alliances (Alianzas) - agreements between nations to aid and
protect one another
Nationalism (Nacionalismo) - pride in or devotion to one’s
country
Imperialism (Imperialismo) - when one country takes over
another country economically and politically

3. I. Causes of the War – Historical
Viewpoint
II. Events in the War
III. Faces of WWII
IV. Analysing the Great War

4. imperialism
nationalism
alliances
militarism
a terrorist act

5. policy wherein military predominance
is given priority by the state
brought about by the
Industrial Revolution
led to an arms race among
European nations:
atmosphere of lack of trust

6. struggle to expand territories

7. the struggle for selfdetermination;
served as motivation for fighting

8. 1. Triple Entente- France, Great
Britain, Russia, Serbia and
eventually the U.S.
2. Triple Alliance- AustriaHungary, Germany, Ottoman
Empire, and Italy (which
switched sides once the going got
rough).
the enemy of your enemy is
your friend

9. Causes of WWI
Triple Entente:
Great Britain
France
Russia
- Alliances
Triple Alliance:
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy

10. when the austrian archduke was
assassinated by a Serbian nationalist
Gavrilo Princip
after his
assassination of
Austrian Archduke
Franz Ferdinand.

11. The Black Hand..
• The main objective of
the Black Hand was the
creation, by means of
violence, of a Greater
Serbia.
• Its stated aim was: "To
realize the national
ideal, the unification of
all Serbs. This
organization prefers
terrorist action to
cultural activities; it will
therefore remain
secret."

14. The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death
and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria
-Hungary.
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

15. The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war
on Germany.

16. New Technologies
Flame Throwers
The Zeppelin
Grenade
Launchers

17. Poison Gas
Machine Gun
Tanks
Tanks- Originally invented by
the British, tanks become an
important factor in World War
I.
Chemical Weapons- Used by
both sides during WWI, this
weapon was banned by most
countries after WWI. The most
common form of chemical
weapon used was “mustard
gas.”

18. Planes used for Reconnaissance
– Airplanes- Used at first
for surveillance, this
new technology
increased in importance
as the war came to a
close. The most famous
air combat pilot was the
infamous “Red Barron”
from Germany.

19. The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]

20. Cannons
U-Boats
– Big Bertha- a cannon
that could fire up to 9
miles away.
– Submarines-Used
extensively by the
Germans, U-boats
were important in
disrupting shipping
lines and supplies
coming to the Triple
Entente.

21. The U.S. Involvement in WWI

22. – A. Events leading up to the
U.S. entering WWI.
• 1. Woodrow Wilson
wins the election of
1916 on the basis that
he would keep the U.S.
neutral.
• 2. Sussex PledgeGermany promised not
to sink passenger ships
after several U.S.
citizens lost their lives
in an attack by German
U-boats.

23. The Sinking
of the Lusitania
• 3. The Lusitania- A
German U-boat sinks the
ship Lusitania, in which
128 Americans lose their
lives. The Germans
claimed the ship carried
contraband (military
weapons) and that they
had a right to sink the
ship. The incident
infuriates Americans, but
they still do not enter
World War I.

24. The Zimmerman Telegram
• 4. The Zimmerman
Note- The U.S. enters
the war after the British
uncover a secret note
sent from Germany to
Mexico. In the note,
Germany promises to
help Mexico get back
all the territory
(California, Arizona,
New Mexico, Nevada)
that it lost during the
Mexican-American
War.

25. AMERICAN WAR HERO
 Alvin York, a blacksmith from
Tennessee, originally sought an
exemption from the war as a
Conscientious Objector
 York eventually decided it was
morally acceptable to fight if the
cause was right
 On October 8, 1918, armed with
only a rifle and a revolver, York
killed 25 Germans and (with six
doughboys) captured 132 prisoners
The man
The movie
 Upon his return home he was
promoted to Sergeant and hailed a
hero

26. Soldier’s Life

30. Mobilized
Russia
12,000,000
Germany
11,000,000
Great Britain
8,904,467
France
8,410,000
Austria-Hungary 7,800,000
Italy
5,615,000
US
4,355,000
Turkey
2,850,000
Bulgaria
1,200,000
Japan
800,000
Romania
750,000
Serbia
707,343
Belgium
267,000
Greece
230,000
Portugal
100,000
Montenegro
50,000
Dead
1,700,000
1,773,700
908,371
1,375,800
1,200,000
650,000
126,000
325,000
87,500
300
335,706
45,000
13,716
5,000
7,222
3,000
Wounded Missing/PoW
4,950,000
2,500,000
4,216,058
1,152,800
2,090,212
191,652
3,266,000
537,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
947,000
600,000
234,300
4,526
400,000
250,000
152,390
27,029
907
3
120,000
80,000
133,148
152,958
44,686
34,659
21,000
1,000
13,751
12,318
10,000
7,000

31. GERMANY COLLAPSES,
WAR ENDS
 On November 3, 1918, Germany’s
partner, Austria-Hungary,
surrendered to the Allies
 That same day, German sailors
mutinied against their government
 Other revolts followed, and
Germany was too exhausted to
continue
 So at the eleventh hour, on the
eleventh day, of the eleventh month
of 1918, Germany signed a truce
ending the Great War
War ends 11/11/18

32. Total War
Mass Slaughter
The battlefields became "killing fields"
and only one word, "slaughter",
accurately describes the extent of the
killing, violence and destruction.

33. TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The Treaty established nine new
nations including;
 Poland, Czechoslovakia, and
Yugoslavia
 The Treaty broke up the
Austro-Hungarian Empire and
the Ottoman Empire empires
 The Treaty barred Germany
from maintaining an army,
required them to give AlsaceLorraine back to France, and
forced them to pay $33 billion in
reparations to the Allies
The Big Four met at
Versailles

34. THE LEGACY OF WWI
 At home, the war strengthened
both the military and the power of
the government
For many countries the war
created political instability and
violence that lasted for years
 Russia established the first
Communist state during the war
WWI 1914-1918
22 million dead, more than half civilians. An
additional 20 million wounded.
 Americans called World War I,
“The War to end all Wars” --however unresolved issues would
eventually drag the U.S. into an even
deadlier conflict World War II