1.
GLOBAL HEALTH POLICIES
Presented By –
DebrajMukherjee
Dr.Saleha Khan
Dr.Vibhor Dudhraj

2.
Health Policy
• A set of decisions or commitments to
persue courses of action aimed at
achieving defined goals for improving
health.
• Policies usually state or infer the values
that underpin the policy position
• They may also specify the source of
funding that can be applied to the action,
the planning and management
arrangements to be adopted for
implementation of the policy and the
relevant institutions to be involved.

3.
Aims Of Health Policy
• The Prime Aim : Maintenance and
improvement of the health status of
populations
• The risk factors which influence
health difference between countries
• Thus policies for health will be
influenced by different factors in
each country and region

4.
Health Policy In Developing
Countries
• Central issue : Making the best use
of limited resources in the
environments in which there is a
wide gap between needs and
resources, expectations and
performance.
• There are three main issues :
Diversity, Complexity, Change

5.
Health for all (HFA)
•In 1977, in world health assembly “HEALTH FOR
ALL BY 2000” movement launched.
•Fundamental principle of HFA strategy is EQUITY.
•Members countries of WHO at the 3Oth world
assembly defined health for all as
“attainment of a level of health that will enable every
individual to lead a socially and economically
productive life.”
WHO has established 13 global indicators to assess
the progress toward HFA.
EX. Minimum life expectancy of 60 years and max.
IMR of 50 per 1000 Live births.

6.
6
Millennial development goals (
Goals to be achieved by 2000-01 to 2015 )
Suring September 2000, representative from
189 countries met at millennium summit in
new york to adopt united nations millennium
declaration now widely referred as
MILLENUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS.
•To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
•Achieve universal primary education.
•Promote gender equality.
•Improve maternal health.
•Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and others
communicable disease.

7.
Continued…
• Ensure environmental sustainability
and develop a global partnership for
development.
• Recently included universal accsess
to reproductive health.

8.
Sustainable development goals
(SDG)
Ensure healthy lives and promote well
being for all at all ages.
•By 2030, reduce the global maternal
mortality ratio to less than 70 per
100 000 live births.
•By 2030, end preventable deaths of
newborns and children under 5 years
of age, with all countries aiming to
reduce neonatal mortality to at least as
low as 12 per 1000 live births and

9.
Continue….
• By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS,
tuberculosis, malaria and neglected
tropical diseases and combat
hepatitis, water-borne diseases and
other communicable diseases
• By 2030, reduce by one third
premature mortality from
noncommunicable diseases through
prevention and treatment and
promote mental health and well-

10.
Continue….
• By 2030, reduce by one third
premature mortality from non-
communicable diseases through
prevention and treatment and
promote mental health and well-
being
• Strengthen the prevention and
treatment of substance abuse,
including narcotic drug abuse and
harmful use of alcohol.

11.
Continue…..
• By 2020, halve the number of global
deaths and injuries from road traffic
accidents.
• By 2030, ensure universal access to
sexual and reproductive health-care
services, including for family
planning, information and education,
and the integration of reproductive
health into national strategies and
programs

12.
Continue…
• Achieve universal health coverage,
including financial risk protection,
access to quality essential health-
care services and access to safe,
effective, quality and affordable
essential medicines and vaccines for
all.
• By 2030, substantially reduce the
number of deaths and illnesses from
hazardous chemicals and air, water
and soil pollutio

13.
Continue….
• Strengthen the implementation of the
WHO Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control in all countries, as
appropriate.
• Substantially increase health
financing and the recruitment,
development, training and retention
of the health workforce in developing
countries, especially in least
developed countries and small island
developing States.

14.
Continue….
• Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular
developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction
and management of national and global health risks.
• Support the research and development of vaccines
and medicines for the communicable and non-
communicable diseases that primarily affect
developing countries
• Provide access to affordable essential medicines and
vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on
the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which
affirms the right of developing countries to use to the
full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding
flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular,
provide access to medicines for all.

15.
Universal health coverage by 2030
(UHC)
Universal health coverage (UHC) means
that all people and communities can use the
promotive , preventive, curative rehabilitative
and palliative health service they need, of
sufficient quality to be effective, while also
ensuring that the use of these services does
not expose the user to financial
hardship.(WHO)
UHC firmly based on :
•The WHO constitution 1948 declaring
health a fundamental human right.
•the Health for all agenda set by alma ata
declaration in 1978.

16.
Continued…
•UHC cut across all of the
health related sustainable
development goals (SDGs)
and bring hope of better
health and protection for
the world’s poorest.
•At present 18 countries
offer true UHC :
Australia, France,
Germany, Ireland ,
New Zealand , united
kingdom, etc.

17.
Advantages & disadvantages

18.
19
Global alliance for vaccination and
immunisation
(Gavi the vaccine alliance)
•Created in year 2000, GAVI is an
international organisation- global vaccine
alliance, bringing together public and private
sectors . with the shared goal of creating
equal access to new and underused
vaccines for children living in the world’s
poorest countries. (gavi.org)
•Founder : bill and melinda gates foundation.
•GAVI receives 2019 lasker~bloomberg
public serving award for saving millions of
lives by providing sustained access to
childhood vaccines around the globe.

19.
Current strategy 2016-2020

20.
21
Conclusions
• Foreign policy has a clear role to play in
catalyzing and supporting responses to
key urgent health-related challenges as
well as non-health problems that
adversely affect national and global health.
• Global health issues and initiatives appear
with increasing frequency in all foreign
policy contexts, including bilateral
relations, regional organizations, other
intergovernmental processes and
multilateral institutions.

21.
Continued…
•The level of foreign policy involvement and interest in
global health has grown dramatically, making the
relationship between global health and foreign policy an
increasingly important issue for the United Nations,
WHO, many intergovernmental organizations and
processes and national Governments. This change
reinforces the importance of concerted and sustained
international cooperation through global health initiatives,
health-sensitive multi-sectoral policies and advocacy for
improved individual, national and global health outcomes.
Ex: Smallpox vaccination & disease eradication is a
case of global health efforts.

22.
CONTENT:
Global funds to fights
HIV & AIDS
Tuberculosis
MALARIA
 GAIN(Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition)

23.
HIV & AIDS
• HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus,
which targets the immune system and
weakens people's defense systems. AIDS
is acquired immune deficiency syndrome,
the most advanced stage of HIV infection.
• The Global Fund partnership has achieved
what was once considered impossible.
From the peak of the HIV crisis in the late
1990s and early 2000s, we have cut annual
AIDS-related deaths and new infections by
half.
• Of 37.9 million people living with HIV, 23.3
million are on antiretroviral therapy – 18.9
million in Global Fund-supported countries
in 2018.
• But after more than 15 years of incredible
progress, we have now entered a new
phase in the fight against HIV. As the
epidemic evolves, so must our responses.

24.
Summary of the global HIV epidemic (2018)
Source: UNAIDS/WHO estimates
0.8millionHIV-related deaths
[0.6 million –1.1 million]
1.7millionpeople newly infected
[1.4 million – 2.3 million]
37.9millionpeople living with HIV
[32.7 million – 44.0 million]
2018

25.
Global HIV epidemic –
incidence and mortality since 2010
2018
Globally
37.9 million
People living with
HIV
- 16%
New infections annually
relative to 2010
- 33%
Deaths annually
relative to 2010

26.
FUNDING PARTNERS: A collective, global effort
• Together with partners, the
Global Fund has set a bold
target to reduce the number of
new HIV infections among
adolescent girls and young
women by 58% in 13 African
countries by 2022.
• The Global Fund’s
investmentsof the U.S.
President’s Emergency Plan for
AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
President's Emergency Plan for
AIDS Relief and the DREAMS.
• HER is a collaborative platform
for diverse partners to support
adolescent girls and young
women in countries with a high
risk of HIV.

27.
 (RED) and partners have contributed over US$600 million to the
Global Fund, investing in smart, innovative HIV/AIDS programs that
empower and support young women and girls.
 Partnering with (RED), Durex has committed at least US$5 million to
the Keeping Girls in School program in South Africa.
 Tapping into Coca-Cola’s network of best-in-class creative marketing
and consumer insight capacities, Project Last Mile worked with the
Global Fund and Eswatini Health Promotion Unit to develop Girl
Champ.
 Nearly 2,000 girls have registered for health services so far.
Financial Support
 The bank is an active HER supporter – both financially and through
advocacy efforts.Global Fund since 2008.

28.
Tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis is the world’s
leading killer among
infectious diseases. In 2017,
TB killed 1.6 million people,
including 300,000 people
with HIV, making it one of
the top 10 causes of death
worldwide.
• TB is spread from person to
person through coughing
and sneezing. One person
with active, untreated TB can
spread the disease to as
many as 15 other people in a
year.
• Roughly 36% of people with
active TB are missed each
year.

29.
Progress in the response to TB
Progress is being made. The mortality rate for TB fell by 42% between
2000 and 2017.
The Global Fund provides 69% of all international financing for TB more
than US$6.7 billion through TB grants as of August 2019.
The development of diagnostic tools such as the GeneXpert machine
has greatly aided the response to multidrug-resistant TB.
The number of people treated for drug-resistant forms of TB in Global
Fund-supported countries in 2018 was more than 114,000

30.
Malaria
The fight against malaria is one of the
biggest public health successes of the 21st
century. Global malaria death rates have
dropped by 60% since 2000 – translating to
millions of lives saved.
Malaria, caused by a parasite spread by
certain types of mosquitoes, is among the
deadliest diseases in human history. In 2017,
there were 219 million cases and 435,000
deaths from malaria, with nearly 80% of these
occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.
An estimated US$3.1 billion was invested
in malaria control and elimination efforts
globally in 2017 – less than half the 2020
funding target.

31.
Continued:
The Global Fund provides nearly 60% of all international financing for
malaria, and has invested more than US$11.4 billion in malaria control
programs in more than 100 countries from 2002-2018, using a
comprehensive approach that combines:
 Education about symptoms, prevention and treatment
 Prevention through use of mosquito nets, spraying structures with
insecticide and preventive treatment for children and pregnant women
 Diagnosis, including supplying rapid diagnostic tests to community
health volunteers
 Treatment

32.
it is an international financing and partnership organization that aims to
“attract, leverage and invest additional resources to end the epidemics
of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria to support attainment of the
Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations.
Located in : Geneva, Switzerland
Founded : January 28, 2002

33.
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has raised US$ 14
billion for the three diseases for a three-year period (2020–2022)
At its Sixth Replenishment Conference, held in Lyon, France, on 9 and 10
October 2019, the Global Fund raised US$ 14.02 billion, the highest amount ever
for the partnership, which is working to end the three diseases.
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) leads and inspires
the world to achieve its shared vision of zero new HIV infections, zero
discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths.
GENEVA, 11 October 2019
NEW DELHI,08 FEBRUARY 2019
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund)
presented its Sixth Replenishment Investment Case to donors and partners at a
meeting held in New Delhi, India, on 8 February. The Investment Case calls for
US$ 14 billion to be invested over three years to help save 16 million lives
through programmes for HIV, tuberculosis and malaria.
UNAIDS estimates that US$ 26.2 billion will be required for the AIDS response in
2020.

34.
GENEVA, 20 September 2016
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global
Fund). At its Fifth Replenishment Conference in Montreal, Canada,
donors pledged US$ 12.9 billion of the US$ 13 billion called for by the
Global Fund for the three-year period 2017–2019.
For the three diseases, the Global Fund estimates that the amount
raised will save 8 million lives, avert 300 million infections and help
build sustainable systems for health.
To meet global targets to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030,
UNAIDS estimates that US$ 26.2 billion will be needed in 2020, around
US$ 7 billion more than was available in 2015

35.
The Global Alliance for
Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is an
independent non-profit
foundation based in Geneva,
Switzerland
GAIN was developed at the UN
2002 Special Session of the
General Assembly on Children

36.
The GAIN Vision, Mission, Goal
 GAIN stands for the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition
 Driven by the vision of a world without malnutrition
 GAIN’s mission is to reduce global malnutrition through food
fortification and other sustainable strategies aimed at
improving the health and nutrition of populations at risk,
particularly women and children
 GAIN’s target is to reach 1 billion people with improved
nutrition,including 500 million women and children.

37.
Work
GAIN supports market-based nutrition solutions in nutrition
interventions areas including:
 Large Scale Food fortification
 Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition.
 Agriculture and Nutrition
 Business Partnerships and Alliances
 Monitoring Learning and Research