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Review cognitive distortions and irrational thoughts; the function and impact of these thought patterns, ways to address these thought patterns and how it impacts recovery
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Thinking Errors: Understanding and Addressing Them to Improve Recovery
1. Thinking Errors
Understanding and Addressing Them
Part of the Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Series
Presented by: Dr. Dawn-Elise Snipes
Executive Director, AllCEUs
2. Objectives
Define Thinking Errors
Explore the different types of thinking errors
Cognitive distortions
Irrational Thoughts
Evaluate how thinking errors can play into our
basic fears: Rejection, isolation, the unknown,
loss of control, failure
Identify ways to
Increase awareness of thinking errors
Address thinking errors
Address basic fears
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
3. Why I Care/How It Impacts Recovery
Thinking errors, or stinkin’ thinkin’ plays a large
part in keeping people miserable
Addiction, depression, anxiety, anger and guilt
often stem or are made worse by faulty thinking
Addressing these thought patterns will help you:
Not make a mountain out of a molehill
Focus on the things you can change
Identify and eliminate thought patterns that are
keeping you stuck
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
4. What are Thinking Errors
Cognitive Distortions take a thought and
manipulate it to
Fulfil your expectations of a situation
Conform to your current head space (negative begets
negative)
Irrational Thoughts are beliefs/thoughts that you
may hold that
Are usually extreme (I must have love and approval
from everyone all the time)
Are unrealistic
Create feelings of failure, inadequacy,
disempowerment
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
5. Cognitive Distortions
Personalizing
Mindreading
All-or-Nothing/Polarized
Catastrophizing
Overgeneralization
Shoulds
Recency/Availability Heuristic
Evaluate how thinking errors can play into our basic fears:
Rejection, isolation, the unknown, loss of control, failure
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
6. Irrational Beliefs
If I make a mistake, it means that I am incompetent.
When somebody disagrees with me, it is a personal
attack.
I must be liked by all people.
My true value depends on what others think of me.
If I am not in a relationship, I am completely alone.
Success and failure are black and white. There is no
gray.
Evaluate how thinking errors can play into our basic fears: Rejection,
isolation, the unknown, loss of control, failure
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
7. Irrational Beliefs
Nothing ever turns out the way you want it to.
If the outcome was not perfect, it was a complete
failure.
If something bad happens, it is my fault.
The past always repeats itself.
If it was true then, it must be true now.
Evaluate how thinking errors can play into our basic fears: Rejection,
isolation, the unknown, loss of control, failure
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
8. Irrational Thoughts Quick Help
What is upsetting me?
Why is this upsetting me?
What are the FACTS for and against this belief
Am I reacting based on facts or feelings?
What cognitive distortions am I using?
What irrational thoughts am I using?
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
9. ABC-DEF
Activating Event (What happened)
Beliefs
Obvious
Negative self-talk//Past tapes
Consequences
Dispute Irrational Thoughts
Evaluate the Most Productive Outcome
Is this worth my energy?
How can I best use my energy to deal with or let go of
the situation?
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
10. Triggers—Coping Skills
Distract don’t react
Talk it through
Urge surf
Notice how you are feeling
Remind yourself it increases and decreases like a wave
Notice changes as the urge goes out
Change and Challenge thoughts
You CAN do it
Don’t romanticize the use
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
11. Constructive Self Talk
Pinpoint what you tell yourself about an urge that
makes it harder to cope with the urge
Use self-talk constructively to challenge that
statement. An effective challenge will make you
feel better (less tense, anxious, panicky)
What is the evidence
What is so awful about that
You are a regular human being and have a right to
make mistakes
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
12. Distressing Thoughts Worksheet
What is the evidence
Am I assuming causation where no exists?
Am I confusing thought or feeling with fact?
Am I close enough to really know what is going on?
Am I thinking in all-or-none?
Am I using extreme words like always or never
Is the source of the information credible
Am I confusing low with high probability
Am I focusing on irrelevant factors?
Is this thinking getting me closer to what I want?
What are the advantages/disadvantages to thinking this way
What difference will this make in a month/year.
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
13. Other CBT Interventions
Recognize how
Thoughts can cause feelings
Feelings can cause thoughts
Activity scheduling to increase positive emotion and
mastery
Exposure with Response Prevention
Recognize Negative Thoughts
Problem-Solving Skills
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
14. Group Activity
List thinking errors and discuss how those patterns
protected you until now
Example: Prevented you from being disappointed if you
expected to fail or expected people to leave
Identify thinking errors that you can, currently, eliminate
and a countering mantra
I need to be loved by everybody all the time
I need to love myself all the time and not everybody is
capable of loving. It is about them, not me.
Identify thinking errors that you still hold onto and why,
then develop a plan to start addressing them.
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
15. Decisional Balance
This thought pattern was learned over a long
period of time
It served a purpose and was more beneficial than
the alternative
Changing your outlook means seeing how this
thought pattern is destructive, and alternate
thought patterns may (now) be more helpful.
Example: In an addicted home the mantra is don’t talk,
don’t trust, don’t feel. For a child from an addicted
home negative thinking helped you align with the
primary caregiver and provided safety. As an adult, you
no longer require that safety.
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
16. Apply It
Identify 3 ways you could have used this information in
the past week.
What was the situation?
What did you do?
How effective was that for you?
Short term
Long Term
If you would have had this new information, what could you
have done differently?
How would that have changed the outcome?
How can you start integrating this knowledge into your routine
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum
17. Summary
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a technique that
helps people:
Understand how thoughts create feelings and vice versa
Identify and address negative self talk
Issues and events from the past do not need to
continue to negatively impact a person
Thinking errors are learned and can be unlearned
These thought patterns help to form and maintain
a negative or vulnerable self image.
Healthy thought patterns can help people feel
more empowered and worthy of love.
Recovery & Resilience International in partnership with AllCEUs.com
Co-Occurring Disorders Recovery Coaching Curriculum