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Information technology

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Prof. Othman Alsalloum
Prof. Othman Alsalloum
Technologie
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Chapter 6: Information Technology Hardware
Computer Hardware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is a computer system? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Components of Hardware CPU Primary Storage Secondary Storage Communications Devices Output Devices Input Devices Buses
Number Systems Humans represent numbers in Base10 1 x 10 3 = 1,000 9 x 10 2 = 900 9 x 10 1 = 90 7 x 10 0 = 7 Decimal Value: Numeric Expression: Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 0 10 3 10 2 10 1 7 9 9 1
Computers use Base2 (0, 1) 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Decimal Value: Numeric Expression: Base2: 1011101 = Base10: 1 x 2 6 0 x 2 5 1 x 2 4 1 x 2 3 1 x 2 2 0 x 2 1 1 x 2 0 64 0 16 8 4 0 1 = 93 2 0 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Character representation ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII-8) Formula: 128 + 32 + Position in Alphabet 10100001: ‘A’ 10100010: ‘B’ 10100011: ‘C’ 10100100: ‘D’ 10100101: ‘E’ 01010000: ‘0’ 01010001: ‘1’ 01010010: ‘2’ 01010011: ‘3’ 01010111: __
Size of data storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measurements of Time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is RAM? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding RAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is the difference between RAM and a floppy diskette? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Control Unit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Arithmetic & Logic Unit ,[object Object],[object Object]
Machine Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Machine Cycle cont. 1. Fetch Instruction RAM to the Control Unit 2. Decode Instruction Control Unit 3. Execute Instruction ALU 4. Place Results in Memory ALU to RAM Instruction Time Execution Time
Processor Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Processor Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolution of Computer Hardware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Popular Microprocessors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classifying computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classifying computers continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sequential Processing Parallel Processing: Type of processing in which more than one instruction can be processed at a time by breaking down a problem into smaller parts and processing them simultaneously with multiple processors.
Client/Server Computing
Computer Networks and Client/Server Computing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Network Computers ,[object Object],[object Object]
Magnetic Tapes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Magnetic Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Magnetic Disks Tracks Sectors Read/Write Head Access Arm
Optical Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Input Devices ,[object Object],[object Object]
Input Devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Input Devices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Batch and On-Line Input and Processing ,[object Object],[object Object]
A Comparison of Batch & On-line Processing
New Trends in Computer Hardware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New Trends in Computer Hardware ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Information technology

  • 1. Chapter 6: Information Technology Hardware
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Components of Hardware CPU Primary Storage Secondary Storage Communications Devices Output Devices Input Devices Buses
  • 5. Number Systems Humans represent numbers in Base10 1 x 10 3 = 1,000 9 x 10 2 = 900 9 x 10 1 = 90 7 x 10 0 = 7 Decimal Value: Numeric Expression: Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10 0 10 3 10 2 10 1 7 9 9 1
  • 6. Computers use Base2 (0, 1) 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Decimal Value: Numeric Expression: Base2: 1011101 = Base10: 1 x 2 6 0 x 2 5 1 x 2 4 1 x 2 3 1 x 2 2 0 x 2 1 1 x 2 0 64 0 16 8 4 0 1 = 93 2 0 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
  • 7. Character representation ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII-8) Formula: 128 + 32 + Position in Alphabet 10100001: ‘A’ 10100010: ‘B’ 10100011: ‘C’ 10100100: ‘D’ 10100101: ‘E’ 01010000: ‘0’ 01010001: ‘1’ 01010010: ‘2’ 01010011: ‘3’ 01010111: __
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Machine Cycle cont. 1. Fetch Instruction RAM to the Control Unit 2. Decode Instruction Control Unit 3. Execute Instruction ALU 4. Place Results in Memory ALU to RAM Instruction Time Execution Time
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Sequential Processing Parallel Processing: Type of processing in which more than one instruction can be processed at a time by breaking down a problem into smaller parts and processing them simultaneously with multiple processors.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. Magnetic Disks Tracks Sectors Read/Write Head Access Arm
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. A Comparison of Batch & On-line Processing
  • 39.
  • 40.