This document is a syllabus for a course on computer applications in economics. It introduces the key components of a computer system as hardware, software, and people. It defines hardware as the physical equipment, software as the set of instructions, and people as the most important component that uses computers. The syllabus then outlines topics that will be covered including memory units, input/output devices, auxiliary storage, programming languages, operating systems, and classifications of digital computers from microcomputers to supercomputers.

1. C O M P U T E R A P P L I C A T I O N S I N E C O N O M I C S -
U N I T – I - I N T R O D U C T I O N
Dr.M.Madhavan
Assistant Professor of Economics

2. S Y L L A B U S -
U N I T - I
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R S
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• Introduction to Computers – Classification of
Digital Computer Systems – Anatomy of
a Digital Computer - Generations of Computers –
Memory Units – Input Devices –
Output Devices – Auxiliary Storage Devices.
Computer Hardware and Software –
Programming Languages: Machine Languages-
Assembly level languages and high
level languages. Operating Systems.
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3. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C O M P U T E R
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• A computer system has three main components:
• hardware, software, and people.
• The equipment associated with a computer system is
called hardware.
• Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware
what to do.
• People, however, are the most important component of
a computer system - people use the power of the
computer for some purpose.
3

4. T O P I C S
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
Memory Units
Input Device
Output Device
Classification of Digital Computer
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5. M E M O R Y M E A N I N G
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• Memory consists of four types of memory chips RAM, ROM, CMOS and flash.
RAM stand for random access memory and
• ROM stand for read only memory.
these are also called primary memory of a computer.
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6. I N P U T A N D
O U T P U T
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• For instance, a keyboard or computer mouse is an input
device for a computer, while monitors and printers are output
devices.
• Devices for communication between computers, such as
modems and network cards, typically perform both input and
output operations.
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

7. A U X I L I A R Y
S T O R A G E
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• The best example of auxiliary storage is hard disk drives
and optical storage media like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray.
Other auxiliary storage belongs to the peripheral devices
category as well, such as flash drives and any type of
memory card.
• Hardware is a physical parts computer that cause
processing of data.
• Software is a set of instruction that tells a computer
exactly what to do.
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8. P R O G R A M M I N G
L A N G U A G E
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• A programming language is a vocabulary and set of
grammatical rules for instructing a computer or
computing device to perform specific tasks.
• The term programming language usually refers to
high-level languages, such as BASIC, C, C++,
COBOL, Java, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.
8

9. M A C H I N E
L A N G U A G E
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• Machine language is a
language that has a binary form.
It can be directly executed bya
computer. While an assembly
language is a low-level
programming language that
requires software called an
assembler to convert it into
machine code.
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10. H I G H - L E V E L
L A N G U A G E ( H L L )
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• A high-level language (HLL) is a programming language
such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a
programmer to write programs that are more or less
independent of a particular type of computer. Such
languages are considered high-level because they are
closer to human languages and further from machine
languages.
10

11. O P E R AT I N G
S Y S T E M ( O S )
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• An operating system (OS) is system software that manages
computer hardware, software resources, and provides common
services for computer programs. ...
• The dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows
with a market share of around 82.74%
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12. C L A S S I F I C A T I O N O F D I G I T A L C O M P U T E R
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe Computer
• Super Computer
12

13. M I C R O C O M P U T E R
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• Micro Computer are small low cast and single user digital computers. It is a
device with microprocessor, Input unit ,storage unit and CPU(Central Processing
Unit).
• Microcomputer Computer formerly a commonly used term for Personal
Computers particularly any of class of any small digital
computers. Its CPU contained on a single integrated semi conductor chip.
• IBM PC based on Pentium microprocessor and Apple Macintosh are some
Examples of microcomputers. Microcomputers include desktop computers,
notebook computers or laptop, tablet computer, handheld computer,
smartphones and notebook.
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14. T Y P E S O F M I C R O C O M P U T E R S
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
A) Desktop Computer or Personal Computer(PC)
B) Notebook Computers or Laptop
C) Netbook.
D) Tablet:
E) Handheld Computer or Personal Digital Assistant(PDA)
F) Smart Phones
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15. A ) D E S K T O P
C O M P U T E R O R
P E R S O N A L
C O M P U T E R ( P C )
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• -It is the most type of microcomputer.A desktop computer is a
personal computer designed for regular use at a single location on
or near a desk or table due to its size and power requirements.It is
not very expensive and is suited t the needs of a single user at
home,small business units,and organization.
•
Examples:Apple,Microsoft,Dell,and Lenovo ,Sony,HP,etc are some
of the PC manufactures.
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16. B ) N O T E B O O K
C O M P U T E R S O R
L A P T O P
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• A laptop is a small, portable computer and have all the
features of a desktop computer. The advantage of the
laptop is that it is small in size, so it can be carried
anywhere. Notebook computers use a variety of
techniques, known as flat-panel technologies, to produce a
lightweight and non-bulky display screen. Laptops
Computers are costlier than the desktop computers.
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17. C ) N E T B O O K
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• These are smaller notebooks optimized for low weight and
low cost, and are designed for accessing web-based
applications.
• Netbooks deliver the performance needed to enjoy popular
activities like streaming videos or music, e-mailing, web
surfing or instant messaging.
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18. D ) TA B L E T
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• A tablet is a wireless, portable personal computer with a
touchscreen interface. The tablet form factor is typically
smaller than a notebook computer, but larger than a
smartphone.
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19. Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
E ) H A N D H E L D
C O M P U T E R O R
P E R S O N A L
D I G I T A L
A S S I S T A N T ( P D A )
• It is a small computer that can
be held on the top of the palm. It
is small in size.
• PDA uses a pen or a stylus for
input, instead of the keyboard.
They have a limited memory and
are less potful. PDAs can be
connected to the internet via
wireless connection.
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20. F ) S M A R T P H O N E S
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• A smartphone is a mobile phone with highly advanced features. A
typical smartphone has a high-resolution touch screen
display, WiFi connectivity, Web browsing capabilities, and the ability to
accept sophisticated applications.
• The majority of these devices run on any of these popular mobile
operating systems:
• Android,
• Symbian,
• iOS,
• BlackBerry OS and
• Windows Mobile.
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21. M I N I C O M P U T E R
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• These perform multi-tasking and allow terminals to be connected to their
services. the ability to connect minicomputers to each other and
mainframes has popularized them among larger businesses.
• This use is being challenged by the development in the microcomputer
range and the practice of starting resources of microcomputer under a network.
• Minicomputer are still recognized as being able to process large amounts of
data.
•
Types of minicomputer
The types of minicomputer are- tablet PC, Desktop minicomputers, cell
phones, notebooks, high-end mP3 players, etc.
Examples:- IBM's AS/400e
21

22. M A I N F R A M E
C O M P U T E R
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
•
Main frame computers generally
require special attention and are kept
in a controlled atmosphere.
• They are multi-tasking and
generally used in areas where large
database are maintained example as
government agency or
airline industry.
Examples:- IBM LinuxONE
22

23. S U P E R C O M P U T E R :
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• Super Computers operate very fast and have multiple processors. Ther are
very few of these machines in existence due to their cost.
• This type of computer has been developed for scientific applications
usually involving complex arithmetic and mathematical operations. One
such use is in weather forecasting.
• A supercomputer is a type of computer that has the architecture, resources
and components to achieve massive computing power. Although advances
like multi-core processors and GPGPUs (general-purpose graphics processing
units) have enabled powerful machines for personal use (see: desktop
supercomputer, GPU supercomputer), by definition, a supercomputer is
exceptional in terms of performance.
• China has owned the fastest supercomputer in the world. “Fast” is defined
by the number of petaflops the computer system can perform. A petaflop
is one thousand teraflops, or one quadrillion floating point operations per
second.
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24. T H A N K Y O U
Dr.M.Madhavan,
Arignar
Anna
Government
Arts
College,
Namakkal
• Dr. M. Madhavan
• manimadhavan@gmail.com,
www.aagacnkl.edu.in
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY