This document summarizes dietary and lifestyle factors that impact dyslipidemias. It discusses how certain foods like oats, soy, nuts, and plant sterols can lower LDL cholesterol, while foods like trans fats and simple sugars raise it. Physical activity, weight control, and certain nutrients like fiber, omega-3s, probiotics, and vitamin D also favorably impact blood lipid levels. The document provides guidelines from leading health organizations on recommended dietary patterns for managing dyslipidemias.

1. Dietary Management of
Dyslipidemias
Prof. Louay Labban FAND,CDE,CDN,CNC

3. Dyslipidemias
• Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
levels
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Hypertriglyceridemia
• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

4. Risk factors of dyslipidemias
Inactivity
Pregnancy
Genetic Age
Kidney
diseases
Diabetes

5. Dietary and lifestyle change

6. Calories distribution from nutients

7. Calories from fats
10 % SFs
10 %
MUFAs
10 %
PUFAs

8. Dietary Factors that Elevate LDL
Cholesterol
• Animal-derived food products (Meats, Dairy
products…..).

10. Hydrogenated oils (Trans fat)
• Margarine, fried foods, pastries and cakes,
and microwave popcorn
• Each 1% of energy coming from trans fats
increases LDL-C by ~1.5 mg/dL

12. Simple sugars can raise VLDL

13. Coffee
• Coffee intake (300-400 mg caffeine/day) is
associated with an increase of:
• 8 mg/dL in total cholesterol

14. • American Heart Association (AHA)
• National Lipids Association (NAL)
• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (eatright)
• American Collage of Cardiology (ACC)
• American Diabetic Association (ADA)

15. Recommended Diets
• TLC : The Lifestyle Change diet
• AHA: American Heart Association diet
• DASH: Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension
• Mediterranean Diet
• Ornish Diet or vegetarian diet

16. Dietary Factors that Reduce LDL
Cholesterol
• Dietary Fibers: Vegetables, fruits, grains, and
legumes.
• 3 g/d of oat fiber found reductions in:
• Total cholesterol 12 mg/dL
• LDL cholesterol 10 mg/dL

18. Mean change at 6 weeks, expressed as a percentage of baseline
values, in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by diet
group, with standard errors represented by vertical bars.

19. Soy products
• Isoflavones also have inhibitory effects on
cholesterol synthesis, and the fiber content of
soy foods promotes cholesterol excretion.
• Soy consumption reduced LDL-C 11 mg/dL
and total cholesterol 7%.

20. Plant sterols and stanols
vegetable oils, nuts,
seeds, and grains,
as well
as certain
margarines

21. Phytochemicals
• Anthocyanins
• Lutein (green leafy vegetables)
• Lycopene (tomato products),
• Phenolics (citrus fruits, fruit juices, cereals,
legumes, and oilseeds)

22. Nuts
• Serving (30 g) of nuts, lowered total and LDL
cholesterol by roughly 5%.

23. Vegetable oils
• Olive oil
• Corn, soy, canola, safflower,………?

27. Omega 3 and Omega 6 intake
Labban et al.2020. IJMS
PUFA daily
intake (g)
ω- 3 ω- 6 Ratio
30-39 Years 1.1±0.03 a 42±4.3 a 38.1
40-49 Years 0.7±0.02 b 53±4.9 b 75.7
50-59 Years 0.9±0.03 d 71±6.1 d 78.8
60-69 Years 0.8±0.01 c 57±5.1 c 71.2
≥ 70 Years 0.7± 0.02 b 59±6.1 c 84.3

28. Niacin (B3)
• Niacin: Lower LDL-C and raise HDL-C by
more than 30 percent.

30. Vitamin D
• Low vitamin D levels (< 20 ng/mL) increase
levels of :
• TG
• TC
• LDL-C
• Decrease HDL-C level
Kim MR, Jeong SJ. Relationship between Vitamin D Level and Lipid Profile in Non-
Obese Children. Metabolites. 2019;9(7):125. Published 2019 Jun 30.
doi:10.3390/metabo9070125

31. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
 Increase FA
oxidation
 Anti-
inflammatory
 Anti-
atherogenic

33. The Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Leaves
Powder on Glucose Level, Lipid Profile and Lipid Perodoxation
International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2014, 5, 297-304
g/d Treatment TC LDL-C HDL-C TG
2 Before 235 ± 65 11.5 154 ± 62 15.6 44 ± 6 4.54 187 ± 28 14.97
After 208 ± 42 130 ± 46 46 ± 5 159 ± 17
5 Before 217 ± 23 17.9 137 ± 17 28.5 46 ± 6 15.2 169 ± 21 21.3
After 178±15 98±18 53 ± 5 169 ± 21
10 Before 232 ± 25 34.5 140 ± 20 34.3 48 ± 4 22.9 172 ± 22 29.06
After 152±18 92±16 59 ± 6 122 ± 41

34. Physical activity
Lower triglycerides
Raise HDL
Lower blood pressure
Promote weight loss
Improve insulin sensitivity
Strengthen heart muscle and increase
coronary artery size and tone
AHA recommends 150 minutes/ week

35. Weight reductions
Improve CHD risk factors such as blood
pressure, triglyceride levels and HDL
levels

36. Other Nutrients
• Consuming Garlic for more than 2 months
• Reduces total cholestrol by 17 mg/dL
• LDL cholesterol by 9 mg/dL

37. Probiotics (Gut Microbiota)
• Produced significant reductions in both :
• TC 6.5 mg/dL
• LDL-C 8.5 mg/dL.

38. Probiotics (Gut Microbiota)

39. Red yeast rice
• Cholestin (Hypocol) : An active metabolite of
red yeast rice is identical to lovastatin.
• However, red yeast rice may contain citritin, a
mycotoxin known to cause nephrotoxicity.
Anaphylaxis, toxic hepatitis.

40. Red yeasts rice

41. Diet , lifestyle change and LDL

42. The European paradox

44. Thank you

45. References
• Charlton, K., Tapsell, L., Batterham, M.,
O'Shea, J., Thorne, R., Beck, E., & Tosh, S.
(2012). Effect of 6 weeks' consumption of β-
glucan-rich oat products on cholesterol levels
in mildly hypercholesterolaemic overweight
adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 107(7),
1037-1047. doi:10.1017/S0007114511003850

46. • Jones PH, et al. Am J Cardiol 2003; 92:
152-60.
• Robinson JG, Davidson MH. Expert Rev
Cardiovasc Ther. 2006: 4: 461-76
• Kos Niaspan® prescribing information
2005

47. • Sankyo Welchol® prescribing information
2005
• Athyros VG et al. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:
1198-1202; Durrington PN et al. Diab Res
Clin Pract 2004; 64: 137-51.
• Wagner AM, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2003; 88: 3212-17.
• *Estimated Total cholesterol-HDL

48. • Kim MR, Jeong SJ. Relationship between
Vitamin D Level and Lipid Profile in Non-Obese
Children. Metabolites. 2019;9(7):125.
Published 2019 Jun 30.
doi:10.3390/metabo9070125