Computer components Hardware, Software

1. Computer Components
Dr. Kuppusamy .P
Associate Professor / SCOPE

2. Computers - Definition
• Computer is an electronic device
• Accepts input data, processes data based on set of instructions in
the memory and Generates the output.
• Stores the output in the storage
• Set of instructions controls the computers and transform the data
into meaningful information.
• Information Processing Cycle:
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3. Real time example
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4. Data Processing Cycle
• Input is the data feed into the CPU using input devices
such as keyboard, mouse, web cam, mic, scanners,
sensors, etc.
• E.g. Text, pictures, audio, temperature, pressure, humidity,
speed, etc.,
• Processing is the manipulation of input data.
• Input data contains raw information denotes the objects,
and related information about people, places, events, etc.
• Software is a program that contains a sequence of
instructions.
• Instructions instructs the computer how to carry out a
processing task.
• E.g. Arithmetic operations, Searching a data, Sorting a list.
Dr. Kuppusamy P

5. Data Processing Cycle
• Output is the result generated by processing the input
data.
• Generated output is displaying on screen, printing on paper, or
transmitting to another device (audio, robot arm).
• Memory - The data is stored temporarily that is being
processed or waiting to be processed or output.
• E.g. RAM
• Storage - The data is stored permanently even that is not
needed for processing.
• E.g. magnetic disks, CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read-Only
Memory), magnetic tapes, Flash disk, Memory card, Floppy
disk, etc.,
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6. Real time example – Smart home
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7. Applications
• Personal applications: Regular activities done easily
• Shopping online, Playing games, Work from home,
Entertainment, Communication (e-mails , chats) etc.
• Business: Store and large amounts of information.
• Databases, online purchase and tracking resources quicker and
easier, online meetings from different locations, fast decision
making
• Education: online research materials, online discussion
about ongoing research, Fast analysing research data.
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8. Parts of Computer
Computer systems have four parts
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• User
Hardware
• Physical components of a computer
• E.g. Mouse, keyboard, RAM, Monitor, Speaker, Hard Disk Drive, etc.
Software
• set of programs that enables the hardware to perform a specific task.
Three types of software:
• System software – Enables the hardware to perform a task E.g. Operating system,
firmware.
• Application software – Perform task for another applcation E.g. MS Word, database, web
browser, etc
• Programming software – To write a code, test and debug E.g. Compilers, assemblers
Data - set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables denotes one or more objects
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9. Hardware
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