Personal Hygiene and Healthcare : Avoidable habits PCI Syllabus, 8th Semester Bachelor of Pharmacy, BP802T

1. Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik
MBBS, PGDMCH, PGDHM
Asst Professor
Personal
Hygiene
And Healthcare
: Avoidable
Habits

2. Hygiene
• It comes from a Greek Word
“Hygiea”, which means the
goddess of health or cleanliness.
• It means “Healthy” or “Sound (the
best)”

3. Personal Hygiene
• Personal hygiene is how you care for your body.
This practice includes bathing, washing your hands,
brushing your teeth, and more.
• Every day, you come into contact with millions of
outside germs and viruses. They can linger on your
body, and in some cases, they may make you sick.
Personal hygiene practices can help you and the
people around you prevent illnesses. They can also
help you feel good about your appearance.

4. Good Personal Hygiene
• Good personal hygiene involves keeping all parts of
the external body clean and healthy. It is important
for maintaining both physical and mental health.
• In people with poor personal hygiene, the body
provides an ideal environment for germs to grow,
leaving it vulnerable to infection.
• On a social level, people may avoid a person with
poor personal hygiene, which may result in isolation
and loneliness.

5. Types of Personal Hygiene
• Toilet Hygiene
• Shower Hygiene
• Nail Hygiene
• Teeth Hygiene
• Sickness Hygiene
• Hands Hygiene

6. Toilet hygiene
• Wash your hands after you use the restroom. Scrub
with soap for 20 to 30 seconds, and be sure to
clean between your fingers, on the back of your
hands, and under your nails. Rinse with warm
water, and dry with a clean towel.
• If you don’t have running water or soap, an alcohol-
based hand sanitizer will also work. Use one that’s
at least 60 percent alcohol.

7. Shower hygiene
• Personal preference may dictate how often you
wish to shower, but most people will benefit from a
rinse at least every other day. Showering with soap
helps rinse away dead skin cells, bacteria, and oils.
• You should also wash your hair at least twice a
week. Shampooing your hair and scalp helps
remove skin buildup and protects against oily
residues that can irritate your skin.

8. Nail hygiene
• Trim your nails regularly to keep them short and
clean. Brush under them with a nail brush or
washcloth to rinse away buildup, dirt, and germs.
• Tidying your nails helps you prevent spreading
germs into your mouth and other body openings.
You should also avoid biting your nails.

9. Teeth hygiene
• Good dental hygiene is about more than just pearly
white teeth. Caring for your teeth and gums is a smart
way to prevent gum diseases and cavities.
• Brush at least twice a day for 2 minutes. Aim to brush
after you wake up and before bed. If you can, brush
after every meal, too. Floss between your teeth daily,
and ask your dentist about using an antibacterial
mouthwash.
• These two steps can help prevent tooth decay and
eliminate pockets where bacteria and germs can build
up.

10. Sickness hygiene
If you’re not feeling well, you should take
steps to keep from spreading germs to others.
This includes covering your mouth and nose
when sneezing, wiping down shared surfaces
with an antibacterial wipe, and not sharing any
utensils or electronics. Also, immediately throw
away any soiled tissues.

11. Hands hygiene
Germs on your hands can easily enter your body through
your mouth, nose, eyes, or ears. Wash your hands:
• when you handle food
• before you eat
• if you handle garbage
• when you sneeze
• any time you touch an animal
Likewise, wash your hands after changing a baby’s
diaper, helping someone clean themselves, or when cleaning a
cut or wound.

12. Menstrual and genital hygiene
• It is important to change sanitary products regularly and
to wash the hands before and after changing tampons,
pads, or any other sanitary products.
• As vaginas are self-cleaning, using soap to clean the
vagina can cause an imbalance of its natural bacteria
and lead to infections. The vulva (the external part of
the vagina) should only need cleaning once a day using
a mild soap and water.
• People with an uncircumcised penis can clean it by
gently pulling back the foreskin and washing
underneath it with warm water or soap.

13. Types of personal Care
Regular routine personal care, washing and grooming of
1. hair
2. face and skin
3. teeth
4. ears
5. hands
6. nails
7. feet
8. body

14. Hair
• Hair is made of dead cells.
• Hair is important because it brings oil to the surface
of the skin.
• Hair helps warm the body by trapping a layer of air
next to the scalp.

15. Hair Care Tips
• Wash regularly with shampoo. Rinse hair
thoroughly with clear water after shampooing to
remove all the soap.
• Don't scrub or rub too hard . It may irritate your
scalp or damage your hair.

16. • Massage your scalp well. It will remove dead skin
cells, excess oil and dirt ?
• Brush hair daily
• Wash combs and brushes frequently
• Don’t share combs, brushes etc.
• Brushing helps keep the scalp clean by loosening
and removing dust and dead cells.
• It also adds shine

17. Hair & Scalp problems
• Dandruff
• Head lice
• Splitting and breaking

18. Dandruff
A flaking of the outer layer of dead
skin cells on the scalp. This condition is
usually caused by dry skin. There is no
cure for dandruff, but it can be controlled
with special shampoos.

19. Head Lice
• Parasitic insects that live on the hair shaft
and cause itching.
• Lice can’t fly or jump from person to
person, but they are easy to catch from
other people.

20. Avoiding and Treating Head Lice
Don’t share:
• Combs, brushes, hats ,barrettes or other hair
things, headphones.
• Use special shampoo and wash your hair
immediately.
• Any linens and clothes you have used should be
washed in hot water or dry-cleaned.

21. Splitting & Breaking
• Too much heat can cause the layered cells of your
hair to split apart and even break off.
• Wind, chlorine, chemical treatments, and
permanent hair dye can weaken hair in the same
way.
• If you put your hair in a ponytail , use a coated
rubber band or soft cloth hair band.
• Non-cushioned or uncovered elastic bands can
cause severe breakage.

22. Skin Care Tips
• Bathe or shower regularly using soap
• Do not scrub violently
• If possible, bathe or shower after exercise – especially
after sweating
• Use antiperspirants decreases perspiration and cover
odor with a manly smell
• Wear clean clothes
• Reduce stress levels which irritates the skin
• Maintain a healthy diet

23. Skin Care Tips
• Wash your face 2 times a day.
• Avoid washing too often, as the skin will become
irritated and dry out.
• Keep oily hair away from your skin
• Avoid touching acne except when washing
• Don’t squeeze or pick the pimples
• Try to avoid touching the face.
• Keep hands clean by washing them often.

24. Protect yourself from the sun
• Wear sunscreen and reapply it every
hour.
• Wear a hat, T-shirt, and sunglasses.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Protect yourself from UV Rays

25. How to avoid Dental problems
• Brushing & Flossing
• Daily dental hygiene routine that consist
of brushing for 2-4 minutes and flossing
• If possible, brush after every meal or
rinse your mouth with warm water.
• Use a soft-bristled brush.

26. Brushing & Flossing
• Replace your toothbrush every 2-3
months or after an illness.
• Use toothpaste that contains fluoride.
• Flossing removes food trapped between
your teeth and gum lines that rinsing and
brushing miss.

27. Dental care
• Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and
vegetables each day.
• Include foods that contain calcium, such
as milk and yogurt.
• Limit intake of sugar.
• See a dentist every 6 months

28. HAND HYGIENE
• First, wet hands and apply liquid or clean bar of
soap.
• Next, rub your hands together and scrub all
surfaces (palms, fingers, and in between).
• Continue for 10-15 seconds. Soap combined with
the scrubbing action that helps remove germs.
• Rinse well and dry your hands.

29. Nails and cuticles
• The part of the nail that can be seen and touched is
composed of dead cells. Thin skin-like layer at the
base of each nail is called cuticle. A non-living band
of tissue.
• Nails protect the sensitive tip of our fingers and
toes.
• Without proper care they can become weak,
ingrown or infected.

30. Nail Care
• Keep nails trim but do not cut nails shorter than skin
level.
• Keep nails clean.
• Round your fingernails slightly when trimming them.
• Cut toe nails straight across.
• Smooth rough nail edges with a file or emery board.

31. Cuticles Care
• Clean and soften your hands in warm
water.
• To keep your cuticles neat, push them
back after soaking your hands, while they
are soft.
• You may also use cuticle remover, a
chemical that dissolves the cuticle

32. Feet Care
• Large collection of sweat glands live in our feet
• Wash your feet well at least once a day.
• Dry them carefully, especially between the toes.
• Keep feet and skin clean and dry
• Change socks daily
• Avoid walking barefoot in public areas

33. Bathing hygiene for kids
Give your baby baths regularly, but by about age 5,
they should be able to handle this task on their own. As
they’re growing and you’re supervising bath time, you
should take the opportunity to teach about washing all the
different body parts, especially: Armpits, groins, neck,
belly, knees, elbows, back, feet
You can also use this time to teach them how to
wash their hair without getting suds in their eyes — and
what to do if they do.

34. Side effect of poor hygiene
• Good personal hygiene habits are directly related to
less illnesses and better health. Poor personal hygiene
habits, however, can lead to some minor side effects,
like body odor and greasy skin. They can also lead to
more troublesome or even serious issues.
• For example, if you don’t wash your hands frequently,
you can easily transfer germs and bacteria to your
mouth or eyes. This can lead to any number of issues,
from stomach viruses to pink eye.

35. Side effect of poor hygiene
• Not brushing your teeth can lead to teeth issues
and plaque buildup. Poor dental care is also a risk
factor for several serious health issues, including
heart disease.
• Poor hygiene habits can also affect your self-
esteem. Looking and feeling presentable can give
you a confidence boost and a sense of pride in your
appearance.

36. Poor Hygiene Diseases
• scabies
• pubic lice
• head lice
• body lice
• diarrhea
• athlete’s foot
• ringworm
• pinworms
• swimmer’s ear
• hot tub rash

38. Routine Hygiene Tips
Helpful tips for creating a hygiene routine include the following:
• Make it a habit: With daily practice, a new habit can become
a regular part of life. Choose one area to focus on and
practice until it becomes second nature.
• Set reminders: Using the notes app on a cell phone can be a
great way to avoid forgetting any tasks.
• Use rewards: A sticker chart can be a brilliant incentive for
children to maintain their personal hygiene.
• Invest in nice toiletries: Using products that smell good may
encourage some people to stick to their personal hygiene
routine.

39. Conclusion
• Keeping the body clean has positive effects on a
person’s social life and their physical and mental
health.
• Personal hygiene is simply looking after the body
and keeping it clean and healthy.
• Developing and maintaining a personal hygiene
routine is key to having a healthy body and mind.

40. Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattanayak
MBBS, PGDMCH, PGDHM
Asst Professor
Dept of Pharmacology
Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Khodasingi, Berhampur, 760010, Odisha