Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, “knowledge, study, learning”) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics
2. Table of Contents
Exponential Functions
Logarithmic Functions
Converting between Exponents and
Logarithms
Properties of Logarithms
Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
3. General Form of Exponential
Function y = b x
where b > 1
Domain:
All reals
Range:
y > 0
x-intercept:
None
y-intercept:
(0, 1)
4. General Form of Exponential
Function y = b (x + c)
+ d where b > 1
c moves graph
left or right
(opposite way)
d move graph up
or down
(expected way)
So y=3(x+2)
+ 3
moves the graph
2 units to the left
and 3 units up
(0, 1) to (– 2, 4)
5. Relationships of
Exponential (y = bx
) &
Logarithmic (y = logbx) Functions
y = logbx is the
inverse of y = bx
Domain: x > 0
Range: All Reals
x-intercept: (1, 0)
y-intercept: None
y = bx
Domain: All Reals
Range: y > 0
x-intercept: None
y-intercept: (0, 1)
7. Converting between
Exponents & Logarithms
BASEEXPONENT
= POWER
42
= 16
4 is the base. 2 is the exponent.
16 is the power.
As a logarithm,
logBASEPOWER=EXPONENT
log 416 = 2
13. Exponential & Logarithmic
Equations
If logb m = logb n, then m = n.
If log6 2x = log6(x + 3),
then 2x = x + 3 and x = 3.
If bm
= bn
, then m = n.
If 51-x
= 5-2x
, then 1 – x = – 2x and
x = – 1.
14. If your variable is in the
exponent…..
Isolate the base-exponent term.
Write as a log. Solve for the variable.
Example: 4x+3
= 7
log 4 7 = x + 3 and – 3 + log 4 7 = x
OR with change of bases:
x = – 3 + log 7
log 4
Another method is to take the LOG of
both sides.
15. Logarithmic Equations
Isolate to a single log term.
Convert to an exponent.
Solve equation.
Example: log x + log (x – 15) = 2
log x(x – 15) = 2 so 102
= x (x – 15) and
100 = x2
– 15x and 0 = x2
– 15x – 100
So 0 = (x – 20) (x + 5) so x = 20 or – 5