This document outlines a presentation on sustainable energy given by Dr. Edward Saja Sanneh at the International Law Institute in Washington DC on November 1st, 2016. The presentation covers topics such as the world energy outlook, sustainable energy, renewable energies, energy challenges, and the UN's Sustainable Energy for All initiative. It discusses increasing energy demands, the need for sustainable solutions, and renewable energy technologies. Specific projects in countries like The Gambia aiming to increase access to sustainable energy are also summarized.
1. 1st
November 2016, Washington DC
INTERNATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE
Dr. Edward Saja Sanneh
1
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
01st
-November, 2016, Washington DC
2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
World Energy Outlook
Sustainable Energy (SE)
United Nations SE4ALL Process
Access to SE energy services
Energy Efficiency
Regulation
Discussions
Conclusions
2
3. WORLD ENERGY
OUTLOOK
Continuing business as usual will aggravate climate impacts
Consumption will grow as population increases to help those in energy
poverty.
Growing reliance on foreign supply of energy presents a threat to
economic stability
There are effective competitive energy sources to oil and gas supplies
that do not emit CO2
3
4. ENERGY CHALLENGES
Energy is almost as critical as food and water for survival in
modern society
Energy is fundamental to health, education, agriculture,
commerce and socio-economic development.
Energy generation, transmission and use is at a crucial
point
Thus the need for sustainable energy.
4
5. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Energy solutions that simultaneously address socioeconomic
developments related to growth, environment and social equity
5
economic growth
Economic
Social
Environmental
Poverty alleviation
energy
production and use
has impacts
7. RENEWABLE ENERGIES(RE)
The demand for alternative energy sources is increasing
each year due to need for clean sources of energy
Renewable energy systems are ideal for outdoor and/or
remote area applications
Renewable energy systems are growing in popularity
due to the reliability of stand alone solar or wind power
sources.
9. • EnvironmentalEnvironmental
Climate change
Local pollution
• EconomicEconomic
Life-cycle costs
Fossil fuel depletion
• SocialSocial
Employment generation
Reduced drain of local economy
Growth in energy demand
REASONS FOR SE
10. Sustainable Energy
Solar and wind should be recognized critically for they can be used immediately
It can provide direct investment and support business development to Small and Medium
size Enterprises
Sustainable energy is a major factor in realizing economic independence for developing
countries
10
Access to clean and
affordable energy11
Low emission systems
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Source: UNDP EITT group
12. UNSE4ALL
2014 2024 Decade of Sustainable Energy for All as declared by the‑
UN General Assembly.
1. Ensure universal access to modern energy services.
2. Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.
3. Double the share of renewable energy in the global energy
budget.
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13. UNSE4ALL
Affordable renewable energy technologies bring modern
energy services to rural communities where extension of the
grid is expensive and impractical
Energy efficiency can save cost, while freeing up power for
other more productive uses.
The objectives together will maximize development benefits
and help stabilize climate change over the long run.
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14. 14
• Increasing demand for energy:
– Population growth
– Rising incomes
– Urbanization rates
• The energy crisis:
– Most households live in energy poverty
– Profit loses as a result of power cuts
– Load shedding costs a lot to national GDP
– The Bottom Of the Pyramid (BOP) spend a lot of money on
buying Kerosene and candles
– Cold storage in hospitals and shops face a lot of challenges
16. 16
PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
Electrification / Extension of electricity supply
Agricultural Development
Rural Health Care center
Education
Drinking water , Water pumping
Telecommunication
SourceTaTED
18. THE GAMBIA SE4ALL
PROCESS
• The Gambia joined SE4ALL Initiative in June 2012
• Through NEPAD, the Gambia received funding from the EU BizClim
Facility for the development of AA and IP
• Other partners include UNDP and ECREEE
• PARTICIP was contracted by BizClim to help develop the documents
• The preparation of the AA & IP was done through a consultative process
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19. ACTION AGENDA
The AA is divided in to 3 parts:
Vision: Ensure an overall sector-wide coherence and synergy of
accumulated efforts towards the three goals of SE4All
Targets: Energy Access (EA), Renewable Energy (RE) & Energy
Efficiency(EE) programs
- Priority Action Areas: Improved cooking systems, Mechanical
power, Electricity
- Coordination and follow ups
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20. • Provides the approach to operationalizing the AA
• Establishes country priority projects
• IP includes 18 projects at various stages of development
• 7 projects classified under Access to Energy
• 6 projects classified under Renewable Energy
• 5 projects classified under Energy Efficiency
• Targeted investors are both private and public
• Identified projects/proposals need to be developed into bankable documents.
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INVESTMENT PROSPECTUS
24. SMALL & MEDIUM SIZE
ENTERPRISES
Awareness and Sensitization
on Renewable Energy,
Energy Efficiency and
Climate Change by Mbolo
women at a Trade Fair in The
Gambia in March 2015.
30 Men and Women
from Small and Medium
Enterprises were
sensitized on the uses
and benefits of
Renewable Energy.
24Women and Sustainable Development: UNIDO/GEF 4 Project
28. SE OPPORTUNITIES
28
Change from imported oil and carbon dioxide emission will facilitate
sustainable development
Transform energy systems for poverty alleviation by meeting the
needs of the BOP
Pursuit of distributed solar PV and wind where appropriate can reduce
reliance on fossil fuels
Reliance on hydroelectricity for major fraction of growing energy
demand will provide sustainability
Solar and wind energy hybrid system will be suitable especially with
battery storage for backup
30. ENRGY EFFICIENCY
30
Energy costs money
Switch Off - when not in use
–computers
–office equipment
–lights
Making savings through:
–energy bills
–the environment
31. Regional Seminar On Enabling Policies for Financing Energy Efficiency Investments 24th-26th June
2014 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
31
EFFICIENCY & ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainable Energy improves the quality of
peoples life through cleaner lighting and
cooking methods
SE protects the environment and health by
replacing polluting fuels and use of wood
32. Regional Seminar On Enabling Policies for Financing Energy Efficiency Investments 24th-26th June 2014 at
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 32
Improved cook stoves will
1. Reduce charcoal consumption
2. Sustainable by using locally available materials and
3. Generates income through the provision of jobs for
the manufacturers
33. EE TARGETS
•Replacement of Incandescent bulbs in households.
•Replacement of Inefficient Streetlight with efficient Streetlight
bulbs.
•Improved cooking stoves
•Sensitization on Energy Efficiency.
•Reduce the technical losses to 10%
34. WAY FORWARD
Sustainable energy systems can meet energy needs of businesses and
households,
Promote efficient and effective management of sustainable energy
production and use.
Provide sustainable energy enterprises development services
Wind/solar powered technology is appropriate for irrigation projects
to positively impact on poverty reduction
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35. REGULATION
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[A]. Promote the utilisation of renewable forms of energy such as solar,
wind and bio-mass;
[B]. Promote the use and develop, to the extent possible, a domestic
production capacity for renewable energy fuels and technologies
[C]. Ensure the sustainable supply of renewable energy
fuels/device/technologies at competitive prices through private sector
participation.
36. REGULATION
Explore sources of sustainable energy
Initiate policy actions that reduce emissions
Improve efficiency
Need to strengthen capacity for different stakeholders on the issues of
development- poverty-energy linkages
Sectors should integrated sustainable energy into planning and
implementation
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37. WAY FORWARD
Feed-In- Tariff (FIT)
Standard Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for RE
Independent Power
Producers
Public Private Partnership
37
38. PROJECTS INITIATED
10MW solar project with Huawei company.
5 MW solar plant with Touba Energy in rural Gambia
(Farafenni).
UNIDO wind turbines 900MW.
Solar farms for rural Gambia (Bansang and Basse).
IRENA wind farm for North Bank Region of the Gambia
(Barra).
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39.
40.
41. PUBLICATIONS
Prioritization of climate change adaptation approaches. Mitigation and adaptation
strategies for global change journal
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11027-013-9465-z April 2013
Making basic health care accessible to rural communities, a case study on kiang
west district of the Gambia- Published in the Journal of Public Health Nursing
(PHN) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phn.12057/full September
2013
Introduction of a recycling system for sustainable municipal solid waste
management: A case study on the Greater Banjul area of the Gambia. Journal of
Environment, development and Sustainability, Springer
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-011-9305-9 May 2011
Lighting Rural and peri-urban homes of the Gambia using solar photovoltaic. The
open renewable energy journal (TOREJ)
http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOREJ/TOREJ-2-99.pdf February 2009
Assessment of Stand-Alone Residential Solar Photovoltaic Application in Sub-
Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Gambia 41
42. DRAFT BOOK TO BE
PUBLISHED
RETHINKING CLIMATE CHANGE, THE ENVIRONMENT
AND SUSTAIANBLE DEVELOPMENT
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