ESA

1. Presentation
Techniques
By: Dorna Golshani
August 2014

2. Moonlight

3. keyboard

4. Forever

5. No one

6. Aims:
By the end of this session you will be able to
• distinguish the differences between warmer and lead-in
activities
• Design your lessons using ESA.

7. What should a teacher be doing at the
start of a lesson? Why?
Here are some ideas:
• getting a sense of what kind of mood students are in
• briefly reviewing things covered in the previous lesson
• giving an overview of the day’s lesson
• previewing the course material
• Motivating sharing
• …

8. warmer
It’s an activity to get students practicing English before opening
the course book. Warmers are usually fun activities that focus on
fluency practice. Ideally, warmers should only last a few minutes.

9. Lead-in
A lead-in introduces the theme of the class.
It can also be used to prepare the class for a new activity during
the lesson.

10. The difference between the
warmer and lead-in:
A warmer is not necessarily related to the topic of the lesson
while a lead-in introduces the topic of the lesson.

11. Some activities as
warmers and lead-ins
• Poems
• tongue twisters
• Ding bats
• Questions
• Games
• Pictures
• Musical openings
• Mind maps
• …

12. What is ESA?
It is the abbreviation suggested by
Jeremy Harmer
Indicating the stages of a lesson.

13. “E”
Stands for “Engagement” which is
“familiarizing & motivating the students”.
The Teacher prepares the Students and creates a lovely
atmosphere with the help of the warmers ,and lead-ins.
Teachers try to arouse the students’ interest and involve their
emotions. Students should feel amused, moved, stimulated, and
challenged in order to not feel bored.

14. “S”
Stands for “study” which is
the practice of the construction of the language.
Students focus on information or language and how it is
constructed. Activities: practice of sounds, practice of a verb
tense, study of a transcript, explanation of grammar, reading a
text or vocabulary , and…

15. “A”
Stands for “activation” which is
the rehearsal for the real world.
Activities: role- plays, debates, discussions, and story writing…
If students do not get a chance to activate their knowledge in
the class, they might find language use difficult in the real world.

16. Reflection:
• How do you define warmer and lead-in? is there any
similarities or differences between them?
• What does ESA stand for?

17. Resources:
• TKT course book, British Council
• How to teach English- Jeremy Harmer- 2009
• www.teachingenglish.org.uk