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RokahrDWeek5HumanismPresentation_PSY490_10_29_13revised
- 1. Presented by: Donna Rokahr PSY490 Instructor: Candice Roquemore, M.S. 11/26/2013
- 2. Abraham Maslow said: April 1, 1908 - June 8, 1970 "When people appear to be something other than good and decent, it is only because they are reacting to stress, pain, or the deprivation of basic human needs such as security, love, and Self- esteem." (Toward a Psychology of Being, 1968)
- 3. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=abraham+maslow%27s+hierarchy+of+needs&FORM=HDRSC3#vie w=detail&mid=53FF891596F2795B66FE53FF891596F2795B66FE
- 4. Supporting Points to Self-Actualization Acceptance and Realism Problem-centering Spontaneity Autonomy and solitude Continued Freshness for Appreciation
- 5. Supporting Points to Peak Experience Transcendent moments Significance Fulfillment Spirituality
- 6. What happens as people progress through Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Which of the following identifies one example of a physiological need? Before safety, love, and esteem needs can be met, what need must be met first? What type of needs set the foundation for Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Quiz
- 7. Carl Rogers January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987 Client Centered Therapy The Fully-Functioning Person
- 8. Carl Roger’s Explanation "Unconditional positive regard means that when the therapist is experiencing a positive, acceptant attitude toward whatever the client is at that moment, therapeutic movement or change is more likely. It involves the therapist's willingness for the client to be whatever feeling is going on at that moment - confusion, resentment, fear, anger, courage, love, or pride…The therapist prizes the client in a total rather than a conditional way."
- 9. Therapy is non-directive / Talk therapy Exudes genuineness & empathy Emphasizes unconditional positive regard Supported Points
- 10. Positive Psychology Happiness Optimism and helplessness Mindfulness Future contributions to Humanism
- 11. Motivational Interviewing Collaboration Drawing out Autonomy The Future Cont’d
- 12. Humanistic psychology is often seen as subjective Observations are unverifiable. Emphasis on the role of the individual Recognizes the role of environment Versatility Reduced stigma attached to therapy Limitations, Criticisms, and Strengths
- 13. Strengthening one’s Internal Locus of control
- 16. Finding ways to Relief Stress
- 19. Cherry, K. (2013). Psychology Theories. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/psychology101/u/psychology- theories.htm#s4 Miller, R. (1991). Motivational interviewing as a Counseling Style. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64964/ Boeree, G. (2003). Individual, Existential, and Humanistic Psychology. Retrieved from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsyhumanists.html Allison, S. (2013). Positive Psychology: Harnessing the Power of Happiness, Mindfulness, and Personal Strength. Retrieved from http://www.health.harvard.edu/special_health_reports/Positive-Psychology References
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Background music… Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of the major humanist theorists include Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. These theorists focused on individual potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization. Humanistic psychology embraces the thought that humans are inherently good and that the environment is largely responsible for mental and social problems that deviate from this natural tendency. In 1961 Abraham Maslow and other psychologists took on this new approach in psychology and established the American Association for Humanistic Psychology. Essentially, Humanistic psychology has added another dimension to other schools of thought and takes on a more holistic view of the individual. First we will take a look at Abraham Maslow’s theory of his hierarchy of needs and also include characteristics of supporting points into self-actualization, and peak experiences.
- We Leave Abraham Maslow with a quote: “ When people appear to be something other than good and decent, it is only because they are reacting to stress, pain, or the deprivation of basic human needs such as security, love, and Self-esteem.”
- Video / pay close attention, because later we will have a little quiz and prizes go out to the correct answers.
- As we just heard self-actualization is an ongoing process throughout a persons life. The following points help to shed some clarity on how humanistic psychology focuses on this growth process. Acceptance and realism refers to self-actualized individuals who have realistic perceptions of themselves, others, and the world around them. Problem-centering and self-actualization refers to those who are concerned with problems outside of themselves and are usually motivated by a sense of ethics and personal responsibility. Self-actualized people are spontaneous in their internal thoughts and outward behavior, intrinsically motivated. Autonomy and solitude of the self-actualized individual exudes independence and privacy. Not to be misunderstood, they still enjoy the company of others but value time to focus on developing their own individual potential. Lastly, continued freshness of appreciation refers to self-actualized people who view the world with a continual sense of wonder, awe, and appreciation. Basically, even simple experiences can aspire to be a source of pleasure and inspiration. Self-actualization is considered quite rare, and not all people reach the peak of Maslow’s pyramid. In one study, researchers found that only approximately two-percent of individuals surveyed had ever had a peak experience.
- Peak experiences are not restricted to self-actualized individuals, and Maslow believed that all people are capable of having these moments, but he also felt that self-actualized individuals were likely to experience them more often. Peak experiences are often described as transcendent moments of pure joy and elation, moments that stand apart from everyday events. Memories of such events are lasting and often linked to a spiritual experience. A study in 2001 was designed to capture various points and unique characteristics of a peak experience among a wide variety of people, the study identified three similar areas in significance, fulfillment, and spirituality. Significantly, peak experiences lead to an increase in personal awareness and understanding often times serving as a turning point in a persons life. Peak experiences have been found to be fulfilling in that they can generate positive emotions and are intrinsically rewarding. Last is that of spiritual connection when an individual feels at one with the world.
- What happens as people progress through Maslow's hierarchy of needs? none of these are correct basic needs become more prominent basic needs are no longer relevant needs become psychological and social Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctual needs in the hierarchy because attainment of all other needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on these physiological needs being met first. After basic physiological needs are fulfilled, we are able to move up the pyramid to fulfill our need for safety and security, then belonging and love, esteem, and lastly self-actualization. Which of the following identifies one example of a physiological need? Love Friends Financial Security Clothing Before safety, love, and esteem needs can be met, what need must be met first? Belonging needs Self needs Security needs Physiological needs From lowest to highest, Maslow's hierarchy of needs goes from basic physiological needs (food, water), to safety needs, love and belonging, success and esteem, to the highest level of need self-actualization. Physiological needs must be met before the needs for safety, security, love and belonging, and self-actualization. What type of needs set the foundation for Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Physiological needs Esteem needs Safety needs Love and Belonging needs Physiological needs are the foundation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and includes survival needs such as the need for sleep, food, air, and reproduction. Physiological needs are the requirements we all need for human survival. If physiological needs are not met, the human body struggles to function.
- Another theorist and contributor to humanism is Carl Rogers with his non-directive approach to treatment known as client centered therapy and his concept of the fully functioning person. The fully functional individual is a person who is in touch with his or her deepest and innermost feelings and desires. In addition, the fully functioning person places deep trust in his or her own instincts and urges. Roger’s non-directive approach takes on the form of talk therapy, which is one of the most widely used approaches in psychotherapy. Rogers client-based therapy initially started out as non-directive therapy because his goal was to be as non-directive as possible, however he eventually realized that therapists guide clients even in subtle ways. He also found that clients would often look to their therapists for some type of guidance or direction. Rogers was deliberate with his use of the term client rather than patient, he believed using the word patient implied the person was sick and seeking a cure from a therapist. By using the term [client] rogers emphasized the importance of the individual in seeking assistance, controlling their destiny and overcoming their difficulties. In addition, self-direction plays a vital part of client-centered therapy. Carl Roger’s methods of therapy focus on help and guidance through the use of non-directive therapy, genuineness and empathy, and unconditional positive regard toward his or her client. Essentially, Roger’s goal for his client’s is that they become a fully-functioning person.
- Leaving Carl Rogers with a quote.
- Non-directive means the therapist allows his or her client to lead the discussion and does not try to steer the client in a particular direction. Intertwined with talk therapy, the purpose of discussion between therapist and client is based on the core idea that talking about the things that bother the client may also help to clarify and put them into perspective. Genuineness and empathy mean the therapist should share his or her feelings honestly. By modeling this behavior, the therapist can help teach the client to also develop this important skill. The therapist should also show empathy toward the client by presenting him or herself as reflective, acting as a mirror of the clients feelings and thoughts. The goal is to allow the client to gain a clearer understanding of their own inner thought, perceptions, and emotions. Unconditional positive regard toward the client is perhaps the most important aspect of client centered therapy. The therapist must accept client’s for who they are and provide support and care no matter what the client is facing or experiencing. Roger’s believed that people often develop problems because they are accustomed to only receiving conditional support; acceptance that is only offered if the person conforms to certain expectations. By creating a surrounding of unconditional positive regard, the client feels able to express his or her emotions without fear of rejection.
- Positive psychology is focused on helping people thrive and is one of the newest branches of psychology. Where many other branches of psychology focus on dysfunction and abnormal behavior, positive psychology is primarily centered on helping individuals become happier. Some of the major findings of positive psychology include: People are generally happy. Money doesn't necessarily buy well-being; but spending money on other people can make individuals happier. Some of the best ways to combat disappointments and setbacks include strong social relationships and character strengths. Work can be important to well-being, especially when people are able to engage in work that is purposeful and meaningful. While happiness is influenced by genetics, people can learn to be happier by developing optimism, gratitude, and altruism. In a 2008 article published by Psychology Today, the late Christopher Peterson, author of A Primer in Positive Psychology and professor at the University of Michigan, noted that it is essential to understand what positive psychology is as well as what it is not. "Positive psychology is ... a call for psychological science and practice to be as concerned with strength as with weakness; as interested in building the best things in life as in repairing the worst; and as concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling as with healing pathology," he writes. He cautioned, however, that positive psychology does not involve ignoring the very real problems that people face and that other areas of psychology strive to treat. "The value of positive psychology is to complement and extend the problem-focused psychology that has been dominant for many decades," he explained.
- Motivational Interviewing is a therapeutic technique for helping people make changes in their lives. The spirit of motivational interviewing is based on three key concepts: collaboration between the therapist and the person who is seeking change, drawing out the individual's ideas, and autonomy of the person who has a problem. Collaboration with the client contrasts with some other approaches to treatment which are based on the therapist confronting the person with the problem and imposing their point of view about the persons problem ( whether it be addiction, OCD, or an anxiety disorder) essentially, the focus of the therapist is of mutual understanding, not being right and the person with the addiction being wrong. The Idea behind drawing out is to help the client recognize problems, behaviors on their own, rather than the therapist imposing their opinions on the client. The belief is that the motivation, or wish to change comes from the person with the problem, not the therapist. Essentially, the person will only change is he or she wants to change. So, it is the therapists job to draw out the person’s true motivations and skills for change, not to tell the person with the problem what to do. Autonomy recognizes that the power for change rests within the person with the problem (addiction) and not through authority of the therapist. Essentially, the individual is empowered with the responsibility to make change happen.
- Humanistic psychology is often seen as too subjective implying the importance of individual experience makes it difficult to objectively study and measure humanistic phenomena. For example: how can we objectively tell if someone is self-actualized? The answer , is that we cannot. We can only rely upon the individual’s own assessment of his or her experience. Another major criticism is that observations are unverifiable; there is no accurate way to measure or quantify these qualities. A major strength of humanistic psychology is that it emphasized the role of the individual, and gives people more credit in controlling and determining their state of mental health. It also takes environmental influences into account, rather than focusing only on internal thoughts and desires. Humanistic psychology also credits the environment’s influence on our experiences. Humanistic psychology is also versatile in that it continues to influence therapy, education, healthcare and other areas. Humanistic psychology helped remove some of the stigma associated with therapy and made it more acceptable for normal, healthy individuals to explore their abilities and potential through therapy.
- Mass global or societal change starts with each individual….my wish and worldview for human existence is a mandatory implementation in every sector of life (home, work, education, socialization and other establishments) that promotes techniques to strengthen one’s internal locus of control. A strong Internal locus of control enables an individual to control their own destiny, rather than their fate being largely determined by external forces. Research has shown that those with a strong internal locus of control tend to be happier, less depressed, and less stressed. Reality is, not all of us possess a strong internal locus of control, the good news is, we can make little changes everyday to improve and empower ourselves, just by adding five concepts to everyday life. Finding balance, coping with emotional stress, finding ways to relief stress, living a healthy lifestyle, and increasing productivity.
- Achieving balance in a stressful life can be challenging but there are things a person can do to better balance daily demands. Think of achieving balance as de-cluttering your life. Clear your mind of all the clutter, then return to things that are vital in your life, like your job, and sleep. Then bring other things back into your life by order of importance, adding new things that are important as well (like exercise) and leaving out things that are draining you or stressing you, like obligations that you would rather not keep.
- Sometimes emotional stress can lead to physical pain, when this happens it is helpful to go deeper into the experience and use mindfulness to pinpoint where these emotional responses are felt physically. Being more mindful of the source of pain is thought to eventually lessen emotional and physical pain. It is also believed that distracting oneself from the emotional pain can be beneficial when it is done in a healthily way like doing something fun with friends, or watching a feel good movie. Some people practice meditation, which allows a person to take a break by redirecting stressful thoughts, and if none of those things help, there is always a therapists who practices positive psychology.
- We all experience stress from time to time. The challenge is to treat our stress before it takes a toll on our health and wellbeing. That’s why effective stress relievers are essential in restoring inner peace and physical health. Here are just a few ways to relieve stress. As you can see the lady in the picture is listening to some relaxing music, a person can also journal, meditate, do breathing exercises, play games, take a walk, laugh, or engage in a healthy sexual activity. Sex incorporates several other stress relief ingredients, such as breathing, touch, social connections, and a few others…not to mention a rush of endorphins and other beneficial chemicals with orgasm.
- In general living a healthy lifestyle can help people combat the ravages of stress, live a happier, healthier lifestyle, and increase longevity. Healthy lifestyle ideas include regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, finding time for meditation and more.
- Keeping productivity level high can be a challenge, however there are studies that show Feng shui as a benefiting factor when balancing normal stress levels with productivity. To be more productive, start by paying attention to factors that drain your energy throughout the day. Identify contributing factors, once you become aware of those factors that lower your energy, focus on finding ways to change the situation. In over 90% of highly stressful schedule by changing the energy flow in ones space (home or office) a person can get back higher levels of energy. This will allow a person to sustain the desired quality of life in a more effortless or gracious way. Small differences like sound and light can make astounding differences in the quality and productivity of any task.