2. WHAT IS PLASTERING?
• The thin plaster covering that is applied on surface of
walls and ceiling.
• The process of covering rough surfaces and uneven
surfaces with plastic material is called PLASTER.
3. PLASTER
• Mixture of lime or gypsum , sand and water , sometimes
with fiber added , that harden to a smooth solid and is
used for coating walls and ceilings.
4. Requirement of good plaster
• It should be hard and durable
• Should posses good workability
• Should be possible to apply it during all weather
condition
• Should be cheap
• Should effectively check penetration of moisture
6. lime mortar
• -Mortor for lime plaster is usually prepared by mixing sand and lime in equal
proportion , cement in small quantity added to the mixture to improve its
strength.
• -When lime is used as the binding materials ,it is called lime plaster .
• -Lime plaster is type of plaster composed of hydrated lime ,sand and water .
• - Lime plaster sets up to a solid mass that is durable yet relatively flexible.
• - The fat like recommended for plaster work because the fat like contains 75% of
CaO combines with CO2 of atmosphere gives CaCO3 quickly.
7. cement mortar
• -Best Mortar for external plastering work since it is
practically non- absorbant .
• -It is much stronger than lime mortar.
• -The mix proportion (i.e cement : sand ) may vary from
1:4 to 1:6 4- Sand used for plastering should be
clean , coarse and angular.
• -Cement plaster usually applied in one coat .
• -It is especially suited for damp condition.
8. LIME - CEMENT MORTAR
• - It contains properties of both the lime mortar as well as
cement mortar .
• - Cement mortar as such does not possess sufficient
plasticity.
• -Addition of time to it imparts plasticity resulting in
smooth plastered surface .
• -Mix proportions generally used are 1:1:6
(cement : lime : sand),1:1:8 or 1:2:8.
9. Waterproof Mortar
• -It is prepared by mixing on part of cement , two
parts of sand and pulverized alum at the rate of 120N
per m^3 of sand .
• -In the water to be used,0.75 N of soft soap is
dissolved per one liter of water.
• -This soap water is then added to dry mix
10. MUD PLASTERING
• -The surface to be plastered is prepared exactly in
same manner as that for lime or cement mortar.
• -Mud plaster is generally applied in two coats ,the
first coat being 18 mm thick while the thickness of
the second coat is kept 6mm.
11. STUCCO PLASTERING
• -Stucco is the name given to a decorative type of plaster
which gives an excellent finish.
• - stucco plaster can be used for interior as well as exterior
surfaces.
• -It is usually laid in three coats making the total thickness
of the plaster of about 25 mm.
• - The first coat is called the scratch coat ; the second a
finer coat ;also known as a brown coat , and the third is
called white coat or finishing coat
13. Selection of type of mortar
• Availability of binding materials
• Durability requirements
• Finishing requirements
• Atmospheric condition
• Location of surfaces
14. Method of plastering
• - The plaster may be applied in one or more coast , but the thickness of a
single coat should not exceed 12 mm.
• -In the case of inferior or cheaper type of construction, the plaster may
usually be one coat .For ordinary type of construction , the plaster is
usually applied in two coats, where as for superior type of works it is
applied in three coats.
• -The final setting coat should not be applied until the previous coat is
almost dry.
• -The previous surface should be scratched or roughed before applying the
next coat of plaster
• -In plastering the plaster mix is either applied by throwing it with great
force against the walls or by pressing it on the surface.
19. Special material for
plastered surface
• 1-Acoustic plaster –
-To give acoustic treatment to the hall or room
-plaster is usually applied in two coats , each having thickness of
6mm
• 2-Asbestos-
-marble plaster
- mixture of finely crushed marble , asbestos , cement
• 3- Barium plaster
-used as a final coat for surface of x-ray rooms.
-Essentially made from Barium Sulphate
• 4-Granite silicon plaster-
-quick setting
-highly elastic
-not liable to crack
-used for superior type of work
20. Special material for
plastered surface
• 5-Gypsum plaster –
-Fire resisting Material
-It is light weight
-It is practically not affected by bacteria
-Slightly soluble in water.
-In sets by natural processes of crystallization
-It shows good adhesion to the fibre material
-When used as final coat, the lime putty is added.
21. Special material for
plastered surface
• 6- Keene’s cemet-
-When alum is calcined with plaster of paris , This Material is obtained.
• 7- Martin’s cement-
-When pearl ash is calcined with plaster of paris ,This material is obtained.
• 8- Parian cement –
- when borax is calcined with plaster of paris ,this material is obtained
• 9-scagliola-
-This material is obtained by dissolving keene’s and coloring pigment in
glue.
• 10- Sirapite –
-When plaster on paris is shaked is petroleum,this material is obtained.
24. Types of plaster finishes
• 1)- Sand-faced finish:
-The first coat of sand-faced cement plaster is carried out in cement
mortar of proportion 1:4 i.e. one part of cement to four parts of
clean , coarse and angular river sand by volume.
-Thickness of first coat is 12mm.
-First coat is to be well watered for at least 7 days.
- Second coat is carried out in proportion 1:1 and the thickness of second coat is
8mm .It is apply after 7 days of first coating.
-Surface is kept well watered for at least 15 days.
• 2) Pebble-Dash or dry-dash finish –
-It is a finish in which small pebbles or crushed stones of suitable size are thrown on to a freshly
applied final coat of mortar and left exposed.
-Ratio- cement : coarse sand 1:3
25. Types of plaster finishes
• 3) rough-cast or spatter dash finish –
-It is a finish in the which the mortar for the final coat
contains a proportion of fairly big size coarse aggregates.
-The mortar for the finish is made by mixing cement fine
sand and coarse aggregates in the ration of 1:1/2:3.
• 4)Smooth cast finish-
-The finish in which presents smooth and leveled surface .
-The mortar for finish is made by mixing cement and fine
sand in ratio of 1:3`
26. Types of plaster finishes
• 5) Depeter finish-
-This is just another form of rough-cast finish.
-The rendering coat of 12mm thickness is prepared as in case of pebble
dash finish and while this coat is wet.
-The pieces of gravel or flint are pressed with hand on
surface.
• 6)Scrapped finish –
-The final coat of 6mm to 12 mm is applied and it is allowed to become stiff for few hours.
-The surface is then scrapped for the depth of 3mm by suitable tool such as steel straight edge
saw.
• 7)Textured Finish-
- In this finish , ornamental patterns or textured surface are produced by working with various
tools
on the freshly applied final coat .
29. PROPERTIES OF GOOD
PLASTER
• -It should be cheap and economical.
• -It should be hard and durable.
• -It should adhere to the background.
• -It should effectively check penetration of moisture.
• -It should possess good workability.
• -It should be possible to apply it during all weather
conditions.
• -It should offer good insulation against sound.
30. ADVANTAGES OF
PLASTERING
• -It gives decorative effect.
• -It gives smooth surface.
• -It protects external surfaces against penetration of
rain water.
• -Easy in installation.
• -Plaster coating creates a stronger and more durable
wall.
31. DEFECTS
• 1)Blistering of plastered surface-
-Formation of small patches of plaster swelling out.
• 2)Cracking-
-Consists of formation of cracks.
• 3)Grazing-
-Formation of series of hair cracks.
• 4)Flaking-
-Formation of very small loose mass on plastered surface.
• 5)Rust stains-
-When plaster is applied on metal lath.
• 6)Softness-
-Excessive dampness at certain points on plastered surface.
• 7)Uneven surface-
-Becomes prominent due to poor workmanship.
32. Why plastering ?
• To protect the external surface.
• To give smooth surface
• To give decorative effect
• To protect the surface from the effects of
atmospheric agencies
• To conceal inferior materials or defective
workmanship