Anatomy of the face

2. - It extends from lower border of
mandible to the hair line (forehead is
common for face and scalp)
- It extends laterally to the ear auricle

3. 1- skin: it is thick, has rich blood supply
(rapid healing)
2- superficial fascia : contains ms, vessels and
nerves of the face
No deep fascia in most of the face (to allow
for facial expression)

4.  Thin, flat muscles, connected to the
dermis of the skin.
 Innervated by the facial nerve.
 Considerable individual variation.
 Often blend into each other.
 Relaxed skin tension lines run
perpendicular to the direction of
muscle fibers.

5. - Frontalis – elevates brow
- Procerus – depresses brow
- Corrugator Supercilii – depresses brow
- Orbicularis Oculi – closes eye, depresses
brow

6. - Nasalis - compresses/dilates nose
- Depressor Septi Nasi - depresses tip
- Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi -
dilates nostrils and elevates upper lip

7. Divided into 3 groups:
- Group 1 (insert into modiolus)
- Orbicularis oris – closes mouth
- Buccinator – presses lips and cheeks
against the teeth
- Risorius – draws commissure laterally
- Levator anguli oris – elevates
commissure
- Depressor anguli oris – depresses and
moves laterally commissure
- Zygomaticus major – elevates and
moves laterally commissure

8. - Levator labii superioris –
elevates the upper lip
- Levator labii superioris
alaeque nasi – dilates
nostrils and elevates
upper lip
- Zygomaticus minor -
elevates and pulls
commissure laterally;
contributor to nasolabial
fold

9. - Depressor labii inferioris –
depresses and pulls lip slightly
laterally
- Mentalis – elevates lower lip
- Platysma - depresses lower lip

16.  Sensory
 Motor

22.  Facial infections
 Trigeminal neuralgia

23.  DANGEROUS AREA OF FACE
 Infection of this area may lead to:
1. Thrombosis of facial vein
2. Infection may be transmitted to cavernous
sinus leading to cavernous sinus
thrombosis

24.  Inflammatory condition affecting one or more of
the three divisions of trigeminal nerve
 Gives rise to severe pain in the area of
distribution of the affected nerve
 Surgical treatment may involve:
1. Alcohol injection of the trigeminal ganglion
2. Section of the central root of the nerve or of the
appropriate division

25.  UPPER MOTOR NEURONE LESION
(SUPRANUCLEAR LESION): e.g. lesion in
pyramidal tracts: paralysis of muscles on the
lower quadrant of face opposite to the side of
lesion (the patient can close his eye but cannot
expose his teeth on the affected side)
 LOWER MOTOR NEURONE LESION (NUCLEAR
OR INFRANUCLEAR LESION): e.g. Bell’s palsy:
paralysis of all muscles of face on same side of
lesion (the patient cannot close his eye and
cannot expose his teeth on the affected side)