2. Present lndefinite / Simple Tense
ह द पहचान -
ता ँ ,ती ँ , ता है ,ती है , ते हो , ते ह ।
Used to express
1. Habit (आदत )
2 .Truth ( स य )
3. Daily routine ( दनचया )
3. Example
Ram gets up early daily . (habit)
राम रोज ज द उठता है। (आदत)
The earth moves around the sun . ( truth )
पृ वी सूय का च कर लगाती है । ( स य)
I go to my office at 10.00 AM . (daily routine)
म दस बजे अपना ऑ फस जाता ँ । ( दनचया )
4. Affirmative formula with examples
Affirmative / Assertive ( सकारा मक वा य )
Subject (I ,we, you,they, plural sub.) + Verb 1st form + o .
Subject ( he ,she ,it ,singular sub.) + Verb 1st +s/es/ies + o .
Note - ( O = object / complement / adjuncts )
(Plural sub. = the boys,people,Ram and Shyam . etc)
( Singular sub . = The boy , some body , Ram .. etc)
Example -
1. I play cricket . म के ट खेलता ँ ।
2. He plays hockey . वह हॉक खेलता है ।
5. How to add - s / es / ies
‘es ‘is added to the verb ending with-o , s , ss ,ch , sh , x , z
Such as - go , focus , pass , reach , finish , box , buzz
‘ ies ‘is added to the verb ending with ‘y‘ preceded by
consonant by removing ‘ y ‘ from the verb .
Such as - fly , cry , try ,dry , study ..etc
‘ s ‘ is added to the rest of the verb not under the above
two categories .
Such as - read , write , come , speak , tell , cut , open .. etc .
6. More examples of affirmative sentence
1. We swim in the river . हम नद म तैरते ह ।
2. You teach English . तुम /आप अं ेजी पढ़ाते हो
3. They reach school in time.वे समय म कू ल प ँचते ह।
1. Sita swims in the river. सीता नद म तैरती है ।
2. She teaches English . वह अं ेजी पढ़ाती है ।
3. Ram reaches school in time.राम समय म कू ल
प ँचता है ।
4. Mohan flies a kite .मोहन पतंग उड़ाता है ।
7. Negative formula with examples
Sub (I,we,you,they,plural sub.) + do not / don’t + v1st + o .
Sub (he,she ,it ,singular sub.)+does not / doesn’t +v1st +o .
Example
1. I do not / don’t play cricket . म के ट नह खेलता ँ ।
2. He does not / doesn’t play hockey . वह हॉक नह खेलता है ।
8. More examples of affirmative sentence1. We do not swim in the river . हम नद म नह तैरते ह ।
2. You do not teach English . तुम /आप अं ेजी नह पढ़ाते हो
3. They do not reach school in time. वे समय म कू ल नह
प ँचते ह।
4. Sita does not swim in the river. सीता नद म नह तैरती है
।
5. She does not teach English . वह अं ेजी नह पढ़ाती है ।
6. Ram does not reach school in time. राम समय म कू ल
नह प ँचता है ।
More examples of negative sentence
9. Interrogative formula with examples
Do + sub ( I ,we ,you ,they , plural sub.) +Verb 1st + o + ?
Does + sub ( he ,she ,it , singular sub.) + Verb 1st + o + ?
Example
1. Do I play cricket ? या म के ट खेलता ँ ?
2. Does he play hockey ? या वह हॉक खेलता है ?
10. More examples of interrogative sentence
1. Do we swim in the river ? या हम नद म तैरते ह ?
2. Do you teach English ? या तुम /आप अं ेजी पढ़ाते हो ?
3. Do they reach school in time ? या वे समय म कू ल
प ँचते ह ?
1. Does Sita swim in the river ? या सीता नद म तैरती है ?
2. Does she teach English ? या वह अं ेजी पढ़ाती है ?
3. Does Ram reach school in time ? या राम समय म
कू ल प ँचता है ?
11. Negative interrogative formula with example
Do+ sub( I ,we ,you ,they , plural sub.)not +Verb 1st + o + ?
OR
Don’t + sub (I ,we ,you ,they , plural sub.)+Verb 1st + o + ?
Does + sub (he ,she ,it,singular sub.)not + Verb 1st + o + ?
OR
Doesn't + sub ( he ,she ,it , singular sub.) + Verb 1st + o + ?
Exa-1.Do I not play cricket ? या म के ट नह खेलता ँ ? OR
Don’t I play cricket ? या म के ट नह खेलता ँ ?
2.Does he not play hockey? या वह हॉक नह खेलता है ?OR
Doesn’t he play hockey ? या वह हॉक नह खेलता है ?
12. 1. Do we not swim in the river ? या हम नद म नह तैरते ह ?
2. Do you not teach English ? या तुम /आप अं ेजी नह पढ़ाते
हो ?
3. Do they not reach school in time ? या वे समय म कू ल
नह प ँचते ह ?
4. Does Sita not swim in the river ? या सीता नद मे नह
तैरती है ?
5. Does she not teach English ? या वह अं ेजी नह पढ़ाती है
?
6. Does Ram not reach school in time ? या राम समय म
कू ल नह प ँचता है ?
More examples of negative interrogative
13. Why+ do + sub ( I ,we ,you ,they , plural sub.) +Verb 1st + o
+ ?
Why + does + sub ( he ,she ,it , singular sub.) + Verb 1st +
o + ?
Example
1.Why do I play cricket ? म के ट य खेलता ँ ?
2. Why does he play hockey ? वह हॉक य खेलता है ?
Wh - interrogative formula with examples
14. More examples of wh - type interrogative sentences
1. Why do we swim in the river ? हम नद म य तैरते ह ?
2. Why do you teach English ? तुम /आप अं ेजी य पढ़ाते
हो ?
3. Why do they reach school in time ? वे समय म कू ल
य प ँचते ह ?
4. Why does Sita swim in the river ? सीता नद म य
तैरती है ?
5. Why does she teach English ?वह अं ेजी य पढ़ाती है ?
6. Why does Ram reach school in time ? राम समय मे
य कू ल प ँचता है ?
15. Why do+ sub( I ,we ,you ,they , plural sub.)not +Verb 1st + o + ?
OR
Why don’t + sub (I ,we ,you ,they , plural sub.)+Verb 1st + o + ?
Why does + sub (he ,she ,it,singular sub.)not + Verb 1st + o + ?
OR
Why doesn't + sub ( he ,she ,it , singular sub.) + Verb 1st + o + ?
Exa-1.Why do I not play cricket ? म के ट य नह खेलता ँ ? OR
Why don’t I play cricket ? म के ट य नह खेलता ँ ?
2.Why does he not play hockey?वह हॉक य नह खेलता है ?OR
Why doesn’t he play hockey ?वह हॉक य नह खेलता है ?
Wh -interrogative negative formula with examples
16. More examples of wh-type negative interrogative sentences
1. Why do we not swim in the river ? हम नद म य नह तैरते ह ?
2. Why do you not teach English ? तुम /आप अं ेजी य नह
पढ़ाते हो ?
3. Why do they not reach school in time ? वे समय म कू ल य
नह प ँचते ह ?
4. Why does Sita not swim in the river ? सीता नद मे य नह
तैरती है ?
5. Why does she not teach English ? वह अं ेजी य नह पढ़ाती
है ?
6. Why does Ram not reach school in time ? राम समय म कू ल
य नह प ँचता है ?
17. 1. Fill in the blank with correct option
1. I ____ in class 10th. ( reads , read , reading )
1. Mohan ____ fighter jet .( flies , fly ,flys )
1. _____ study in collage . ( Ram , he , I )
1. They _____ fruits ( sell , sells , selles )
1. ______ reaches school in time . ( He , we ,you )
18. 2. Insert the correct option given in the bracket
1. I ____ go to college ( do not , does not , not )
1. We ____ in school ( read , reades , reads )
1. Mohan does not ___. (study , studies , studys )
1. Do ___ speak English ? ( you , he , she )
1. We _____ every day ( play , plays , playes )
19. 3. Correct the following sentences
1. Ram do not go to school .
1. Does we swim in the river ?
1. He fly a kite daily .
1. They does their home work daily.
1. Does I not play cricket ?
20. 4. Change the sentence as per instructions
given in the bracket
1. I go to temple on Sunday ( negative )
1. We do not swim in the pond ( affirmative )
1. He play football in the evening .( Interrogative )
1. Ram does not work . ( Negative interrogative )
