FINAL KGB SUBMISSION

Constructionarium - Kingsgate Footbridge
Group 1 Page 1
Civil Engineering Fieldcourse
Constructionarium
CRN’s :
20357 (Design Exercise E2.2)
14782 (A2 Structural Design Exercise)
Credit Rating : 10 Credits
Level 5, Semester 2
Group 1
Kingsgate Footbridge Project
Civil Engineering Group
School of Computing, Science & Engineering
College of Science & Technology

Group 1 Page 2
Contents
1 Marking & Feedback : Planning Phase Report ............................................................................... 6
2 Marking & Feedback : Construction Phase Activity ...................................................................... 7
3 Group members................................................................................................................................... 8
4 Kingsgate Footbridge Introduction.................................................................................................. 9
5 Organisation of the team..................................................................................................................12
6 Kingsgate Bridge construction sequence .......................................................................................13
6.1 Summary of the activities and machines involved in the construction sequence:...........21
7 Environmental impact assessment..................................................................................................22
7.1 Pollution. ....................................................................................................................................22
7.2 Site waste management plan(waste control)..........................................................................23
7.2.1 Project aim .........................................................................................................................24
7.2.2 Management.......................................................................................................................24
7.2.3 Distribution........................................................................................................................24
7.2.4 Instruction and training....................................................................................................24
7.2.5 Waste management on site..............................................................................................24
7.2.6 Segregation.........................................................................................................................25
7.2.7 Management.......................................................................................................................25
8 Health and Safety...............................................................................................................................27
8.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................27
8.2 Health and Safety & Welfare Risk Assessment.....................................................................29
8.3 Risk assessment - Surveying ....................................................................................................34
8.4 Risk assessment - Shuttering....................................................................................................36
8.5 Risk assessment - Concreting..................................................................................................38
9 Method Statement .............................................................................................................................40
9.1 Project Information ..................................................................................................................40
9.2 Outline itinerary of constructionarium week ........................................................................41
9.3 Health Protection......................................................................................................................42
9.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) “at work regulation 1992” ...........................42
9.3.2 Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)pm...............................................................43
9.3.3 First Aid “The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981”..............................43
9.4 Scope of works ..........................................................................................................................43
9.5 Managing and refueling generator ..........................................................................................44
9.6 Construction Traffic management/ site access and deliveries ...........................................45

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9.7 Materials/equipment delivery..................................................................................................45
9.8 Detailed construction stages....................................................................................................46
9.9 Calculations for the Co-ordinates for Setting out of the foundations...............................58
10 Lifting plan for positioning the decks ........................................................................................96
10.1 Lifting operations - documentation........................................................................................98
11 Calculating the amount of concrete needed............................................................................108
11.1 Volume of concrete for the pile caps:..................................................................................108
11.2 Volume of concrete for the decks ........................................................................................108
12 Programme of work....................................................................................................................109
13 Material List..................................................................................................................................110
14 Cost estimation ............................................................................................................................112
15 The contract .................................................................................................................................114
16 Reflective Writing........................................................................................................................115
17 Critical review...............................................................................................................................124
17.1 H&S Critical review ................................................................................................................124
17.2 Surveying critical review.........................................................................................................126
17.3 Shuttering critical review........................................................................................................126
17.4 Rebar and Concrete critical review.......................................................................................126
18 References.....................................................................................................................................128

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Figure 1 Ove Arup....................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2........................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 3........................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 4........................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 5........................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 6........................................................................................................................................................15
Figure 7........................................................................................................................................................15
Figure 8........................................................................................................................................................16
Figure 9........................................................................................................................................................16
Figure 10......................................................................................................................................................17
Figure 11......................................................................................................................................................18
Figure 12......................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 13......................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 14......................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 15 Pollution ....................................................................................................................................23
Figure 16 Site location...............................................................................................................................41
Figure 17 pumping the water out ............................................................................................................47
Figure 18 Position of stations ..................................................................................................................49
Figure 19 Setting out the Total Station...................................................................................................50
Figure 20 Position for the centre of foundation ...................................................................................51
Figure 21 Foundation set-up using batter boards.................................................................................52
Figure 22 Foundation and pile markings on the board........................................................................53
Figure 23 Locating the position of the pile using strings.....................................................................53
Figure 24 Position the pile straight using spirit level............................................................................54
Figure 8 wheelbarrow................................................................................................................................56
Figure 9 shovel ...........................................................................................................................................56
Figure 10 soil compactor ..........................................................................................................................57
Figure 25 Setting out the station at station 3 to sight station 8...........................................................58
Figure 26 Setting out the exact positions of the caps...........................................................................61
Figure 27 Assembly of the formwork Stage 1 .......................................................................................64
Figure 28 Stage 2........................................................................................................................................64
Figure 29 Stage 3........................................................................................................................................65
Figure 30 Stage 4........................................................................................................................................65
Figure 31 Rebar for pile caps ...................................................................................................................66
Figure 32 Excavating the soil...................................................................................................................67
Figure 33 placing the shuttering in position...........................................................................................67
Figure 34 pushing piles into the ground.................................................................................................68
Figure 35 Base plate...................................................................................................................................69
Figure 36 pouring the concrete for the pile caps ..................................................................................70
Figure 37 lifting the steel legs...................................................................................................................71
Figure 38 "V" shaped supports................................................................................................................72
Figure 39 Installation of the supports.....................................................................................................72
Figure 40 Mounting the metal plates on the supports..........................................................................73
Figure 41 Anchor bolt...............................................................................................................................96
Figure 42 Lifting chains ............................................................................................................................97

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Figure 43 Anchor bolts positions............................................................................................................97
Figure 44 Assembling the decks ............................................................................................................100
Figure 45 Bolted connection between plates and supports...............................................................101
Figure 46 Rotation phase........................................................................................................................102
Figure 47 Rotating both sections...........................................................................................................102
Figure 48 Fixing the two section of the bridge....................................................................................103
Figure 49 Final design .............................................................................................................................103
Figure 50 Final construction stage ........................................................................................................105

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1 Marking & Feedback : Planning Phase Report
Mark breakdown
Assessment breakdown
PossibleMark
0-19%VeryPoor
20-39%Unsatisfactory
40-59%Fair
60-79%VeryGood
80-100%Excellent
JBMThread
Introduction and Team Organisation
Explain what the project is and what the construction involves.
Explain how the team are to organised and controlled.
5 D
Construction Sequence
Explain and identify, with the aid of annotated diagrams, what
the key steps in the construction of the project are.
15
D
H
Risk Assessment
Identify and quantify the construction stage health and safety
hazards and associated risks involved in constructing the project.
10
D
H
Method Statements
Propose detailed method statements for each work activity
involved in constructing the project. Identify the materials,
labour and plant required for each activity.
15
D
H
S
Programme
Propose a programme of work which identifies each work
activity, its duration and time location. Produce a labour
histogram.
10
D
H
Material Estimate
Quantify the construction materials and plant required to
undertake the construction of the project. Submitted on time
and adequate for William Pye to purchase.
15
D
S
Cost Estimate
Using the material estimate, quantify the cost of construction
materials and plant required to undertake the construction of
the project.
10
D
S
Critical Review
Provide a review of the processes of preparing for the site works,
and for the site works themselves.
20
D
H
S
Marks Awarded 100
Comments

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2 Marking & Feedback : Construction Phase Activity
Mark breakdown
Assessment breakdown
PossibleMark
0-19%VeryPoor
20-39%Unsatisfactory
40-59%Fair
60-79%VeryGood
80-100%Excellent
JBMThread
Safety
Has the team successfully implemented their safety plan and
avoided injury.
Is there a culture of safety first.
20 H
Engagement
Does the whole team engage in the success of the project.
Are task equally allotted and undertaken.
20 H
Problem Solving
Are problems identified, discussed and solved in a practical
manner.
Are the team self-sufficient or do they need large amounts of
outside input.
20
D
H
Teamwork
Does the team work as a single cohesive unit.
Are procedures (method statements, programme) followed.
20
D
H
Time keeping
Do all members of the team observe the agreed working hours.
Are all members of the team punctual to arrive morning and
afternoon.
20 H
Marks Awarded 100
Comments

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3 Group members
Roll number Surname Forename
1 @00325464 Abdulghaffar Aya
2 @00317336 Alajmi Falah
3 @00349499 Al-azemi Fahad
4 @00346202 Albusaidi Ahmed
5 @00319009 Alhajeri Rashed
6 @00298888 Ali Dilawar
7 @00370504 Alhazaa Hazaa
8 @00348583 Al-saad Talal
9 @00322389 Alsaleh Asmaa
10 @00300848 Ashraf Bilal
11 @00297204 Ashraf Haroon
12 @00344620 Barari
Reshtehroudi
Mohammad mahdi
13 @00324442 Dimitriev Hristo
14 @00331336 Habib Maryam
15 @00325534 Habib Saleh
16 @00300731 Hassan Asna
17 @00333785 Hussain Vasham
18 @00308116 Naji Haider
19 @00304260 Valkov Valentin
20 @00249318 Ba wazir Osamah

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4 Kingsgate Footbridge Introduction
This document constitutes the construction information prepared by Group 1 to execute
the works for Kingsgate Footbridge project at Constructionarium 2014.
Figure 1 Ove Arup
Kingsgate Footbridge was designed by Ove Arup who is an Engineer that is responsible
for the establishment of Arup Group Limited, a multinational corporation that offers
engineering, design, project management, planning, and consulting services for building
systems. Ove Arup is considered to be among the foremost architectural structural engineers of
his time. This bridge was designed in 1963 under Aurp supervision and he considered this his
finest work, as well as being the last structure he designed himself. It crosses the River Wear,
connecting the older collages and new buildings of Durham University, and linking the Elvet area
of Durham with the city’s cathedral peninsula. It was officially opened in 1967, Aurp have
thought about every detail concerning the bridge. The banks of the river are 17m high, the span
106.7m long. The need for scaffolding on the river was eliminated by the casting of the bridge in
two halves, one for each bank. They were then rotated 90 degrees to meet in the middle. The two
halves pivoted on revolving cones, their meeting point marked by an understated bronze
expansion joint. This well-designed example of simple mechanical engineering provided tense
moments for the team while the spans were turned and connected.
Because of Aurp incredible design we have gone forward to create a small replica of the
bridge but with the same principles. Therefore there was a change in dimensions, heights as well
as different ways to execute minor things within the project with different time scales. Although
other things have remained the same and that is the structure and the way it was constructed by
casting each span and then connecting them in the middle. Our project is to be constructed to a
maximum of four days and a half in Bircham Newton near King Lynn, United Kingdom. People
that will be working on this project throughout this period is to an average of 25 personnel’s
except professional

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Basic Structure
 The bridge is 10m long with a central span of 5m
 The deck is a reinforced concrete U-section spanning at a height of 1.2m
 The V-piers are formed of steel box sections
 The bases of each pier are supported on rotating steel plate bearings
 The bearings are bolted to 1.25m diameter, 0.75m deep reinforced concrete pile caps
 Each pile cap connects the tops of 6 No 1.5m steel piles
 The earth approach ramps are at a rise of 1:20 and are reinforced with fabric
reinforcement
Site layout at the start of the week
 Your site is level with a 0.75m deep Channel running through the middle
 You will be provided with a crane to lift the concrete deck onto the steel piers
What you will have to do:
 The key positions must be set out
 The piles must be driven
 The steel in the piles caps must be fixed and then cast
 The bearing base plates are to be bolted to the pile caps and leveled
 The deck section needs to be cast including the reinforcement fixing
 Tests on rotation should be carried out prior to the deck lifting
 The deck must be full fixed in position(resin bolted) before the chains are removed
 The earthen approach ramps are to be constructed using the geotechnical reinforcement
as provided.

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5 Organisation of the team

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6 Kingsgate Bridge construction sequence
 In Figure 2 it is shown roughly how does the place looks like, and where all
construction works is going to be done.
Figure 2
 Cut the river to create dry working space.
Figure 3

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 Using total station finding the exact positions of the pile caps.
Figure 4
 Excavating the needed amount of soil for the pile caps.
Figure 5

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 Placing the shuttering for the caps in position.
Figure 6
 Assembling the reinforcement cage, placing it into the shuttering, pushing the piles
into the ground.
Figure 7

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 Casting the pile caps.
Figure 8
 Installation of the rotating base plate on top of the pile caps.
Figure 9

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 Lifting and placing the V piers in position on to the pile caps.
Figure 10
 Pour the concrete in the shuttering for the decks.

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 Lifting each deck and placing it into position on top of the V shaped steel legs.
 Both sections of the bridge will be parallel to the river.
Figure 11

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 90 degree rotation of both sections.
Figure 12
 Once the sections are connected we can remove the sand bags from the canal.
Figure 13

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 Creating the soil ramps on both sides of the canal. (Chudley & Chudley, 2008)
Figure 14

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6.1 Summary of the activities and machines involved in the
construction sequence:
Monday  Induction
 Cut the river wit sandbags
 Pump the water out, provide dry working
space
 Surveying the site
 Find the exact positions of the pile caps
 Start constructing the formwork for the
pile caps
 Start assembling the reinforcement cage for
the pile caps
 Water pump
 Total station
 Heavy tool
machines
Tuesday  Excavating the soil for the pile caps
 Placing the formwork for the pile caps in
position
 Placing the rebar cage inside the shuttering
 Insert piles in the ground
 Start constructing the formwork for the
decks
 Start assembling the reinforcement for the
decks
 Hydraulic
excavator
 Mobile crane
 Heavy tool
machines
Wednesday  Cover the inside surface of the formwork
with shuttering oil
 Pour the concrete for the pile caps and for
the decks
 Vibrate to remove any gaps in the concrete
 Cast in element(Anchor bolts, Railing,
Rotating base plate)
 Concrete
mixer
 Concrete
vibrator
Thursday  Start working on both soil ramps
 Lift and install the steel supports(Steel
construction)
 Check if the rotating mechanism is
working properly
 Lift each deck and place it into position
 Bolt Each section to the steel legs of the
bridge
 Excavator
 Mobile crane
Friday  Rotate both sections of the bridge 90
degrees
 Fix the decks in position
 Finish the soil ramps
 Soil
compacting
machine

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7 Environmental impact assessment
Environmental assessment is a system that assesses the environmental impact on any
specific project taking place. It can be used on any individual project such as motorway, factory
or even constructing any building. It is the process to see if there are any environmental
influences when taking on a project before it’s carried out and constructed. The main aim when
assessing the environmental impact are to recognise any possible effects, take any measurement
if anything involving harm to the environment occurs, and to predict whether it will have a
massive impact when taking on a project and how to minimise the impact in general if possible.
The main purpose to carry out an environmental assessment is to minimise or even avoid any
ecological effect it can cause. This process should take place in the early stages when a project is
being proposed and this usually happens in the planning stage, (Basics of Environmental
Assessment, 2013).
There are many gains when applying environmental assessment to a project. When
measuring it in the early stages, decision making is more effective and has better results in the
long term run. It avoids any effects that is linked with environment. It can create opportunities
for the public and people can participate as well. Another benefit it includes is it reduces any cost
that is related with the project and delays. It enhances any health protection that humans require.
Another advantage it has is it decreases any dangers that harms the surroundings, (Basics of
Environmental Assessment, 2013).
7.1 Pollution.
It is substances polluting the environment and the surroundings. It is elements that can
harm the surroundings and involves dangerous waste which contaminates the air and water etc.
Pollution comes in many different forms and sources and all have different output as well as
concerns. However all pollution has a negative impact on the environment as well on humans. In
total, there are around 9 known sources of pollution that occurs. I’m just going to discuss some
of the main pollution that has a massive impact on our environment, (What is pollution?, 2008)
Air pollution: It is when the air is polluted by smoke and toxic gases such as sulphur,
nitrogen etc. The air pollution is caused by many sources but it mostly comes from the exhaust
fume from vehicles, burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, crude oil or coal, or even radiation
spills. Overall, it has an enormous effect on the atmosphere. Air pollution is linked to many
health problems. It is associated to the increase occurring nowadays with of people having
asthma, respiratory illnesses etc. Numerous scientist also connected air pollution to global
warming, (Mayntz, 2008-2014).
Water pollution: It is the corruption and polluting any type of water whether is it a lake,
ocean or river. There are many ways to pollute water. It can be done by radiation leak, or illegal
substances being thrown into lakes, or sewage ending up in lakes, rivers. Even nuclear accidents
can be associated with water pollution. It is an environmental pollution that affects anyone’s
health which is extremely dangerous, (7 Kinds of Environmental Pollution, 2009-2013.)

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Figure 15 Pollution
Radioactive Pollution: It is extremely harmful but highly ever happens. However when it
does happen, it can be dangerous and can cause death. Also, this type of pollution, it is hard to
reverse it so there is intense rule when controlling the level of radioactive polluting the air. It can
cause many problems such as cancer, birth defects, etc. and radioactive pollution usually takes
place at a nuclear power plant or through any leakage or uranium mining procedures.
Land pollution: It affects the earth when resources and waste aren’t disposed properly.
Land pollution can be from throwing litter on the side of pavement, dumping waste in natural
habitat, oil spill on fields, or even radiation spill. It is accountable for many things such as
deforestation, harm done to natural resources needed and natural habitat, (7 Kinds of
Environmental Pollution, 2009-2013.).
Noise pollution: it is when loud sound affect humans and animals. It can either be a
helicopter passing by, or when buildings are being constructed nearby or even a concert in the
neighbourhood, or traffic. This affects humans and can be risky to unborn babies, (7 Kinds of
Environmental Pollution, 2009-2013.) The effects can include severe earache, loss of hearing or
can cause anyone to have high level of stress.
7.2 Site waste management plan(waste control)
Waste Management, is a process that comprehends prevention, characterization,
monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes. The control of
how to use and reuse resources became very important in the previous recent years. Every part
of the project must have a maximum resources utilization to prevent and maintain the
environment equilibrium. On the Kingsgate bridge project, our intention is to make a Site Waste
Management Plan (SWMP). As it states on the gov.uk website, every waste plan must have the
criteria’s:
1. What kind of waste your site produces
2. How you dispose of the waste, e.g. reuse, recycle, landfill
3. Who your waste carrier is and their registration number
4. The address and environmental permit or exemption number of the site where your
waste is going
On our project, the primary objective is to take care of generated waste on site, once that
university is responsible for disposing and carrying it. For that we need to:

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 Separate different wastes
 Store waste in a secure place
 Use suitable containers and label them clearly
 Use covers to prevent waste blowing away
 Use a waterproof cover if rain could cause contaminated run-off or prevent the waste
from being reused
 Use bunds to prevent liquid waste escaping - eg into a drain
7.2.1 Project aim
At Kingsgate Bridge we are committed to implement the project environmental plan and
the SWMP so that it is effective, accurate and economical, we are expending time and a lot of
effort to ensure that the procedures put into place are working and are maintained.
7.2.2 Management
One person from health and safety group will be the environmental co-ordinator of the
project and as such is responsible for instructing workers, overseeing and documenting all waste
generation and put the results on the SWMP.
7.2.3 Distribution
The Health and Safety group shall distribute copies of this plan to the other groups that
are part of the project and are involved on the material use. This will be undertaken every time
the plan is updated.
7.2.4 Instruction and training
The Health and Safety group will provide on-site instruction of appropriate separation,
handling, recycling, reuse and return methods to be used by all parties at all appropriate stages of
the Project.
The SWMP will also be mentioned in the site induction process. This will ensure that everyone
feels they are included and that their participation is meaningful.
7.2.5 Waste management on site
Waste materials occur from either the materials imported to site or from those generated
on site. Imported materials are those, which are brought to the project for inclusion into the
permanent works. Generated materials are those, which exist on the project such as topsoil, sub-
soil, plants and materials from concrete construction, wood, plastic, nails, etc.
However, there are other considerations to waste management such as waste reduction,
segregation of waste, disposal of waste, monitoring, education and reviewing. This plan outlines
the procedures that have been put in to place and demonstrate how they benefit the
environment, how we can measure the effects and how these procedures and practices are
sustainable.

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7.2.6 Segregation
A specific area shall be laid out and labelled to facilitate the separation of materials for
potential recycling, reuse and return. Recycling and waste bins are to be kept clean and clearly
marked in order to avoid contamination of materials. The labelling systems shall be the Waste
Awareness Colour Coding Scheme. If the skips are clearly identified the bulk of the workforce
will deposit the correct materials into the correct skip. Skips for segregation of waste identified
currently are:
 Wood
 Metal
 Rubble/Concrete
 General Waste
As works progress and other trades come to site other skips will be placed to enable certain
waste to be removed from site. This is likely to include:
1. Plasterboard
2. Paper and cardboard (bagged up)
7.2.7 Management
 Disposal of Waste : All surplus or waste materials fall into three categories for
management, these are:
 Re-used
 Recycled
 Landfill
 Re-used : If surplus materials can be used in the permanent works they are classified as
materials, which have been re-used. If they are surplus to requirements and need to be
removed from site and they can be removed and used in their present form, they can be
removed from site for re-use.
 Recycling : If the surplus material cannot be re-used in its present form but could be
used in a different form, it is sent for recycling such as 50x50 timber to make
chipboard.
 Landfill: If either of the above cannot be satisfied then the only option left is to send the
surplus materials to landfill. At Project Y landfill is a last resort.

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8 Health and Safety
8.1 Introduction
An important part of health and safety is the risk assessment. A risk assessment helps to
outline all the possible hazards that may occur during a project and allows us to see which
hazards are liable to cause harm and how we can prevent or manage this. A hazard is the
situation that is liable to cause harm to workers, the risk is a factor that takes into account the
hazard itself and the severity of the resultant injury, which may be incurred . A risk assessment
outlines these raw hazards and risks and then outlines preventative measures which may be put
in place to reduce the likelihood of such an event happening therefore reducing the residual risk.
A risk assessment is carried out by first identifying the hazards of the project, identifying the
persons who may be harmed and how so, evaluating the likelihood and risks, enforcing
preventative measures and precautions to reduce the risk and, then reviewing and updating if and
when necessary.
Risk of Event Probability of occurrence Note :
It can be difficult to reduce
the severity of an occurrence,
even when controls are
applied to a process.
High Medium Low
M
Severityof
occurrence
High H H
Medium M M L
Low M L L
Medium severity may involve a hospitalising injury
High severity may involve death
Low probability < 25% chance of happening
High probability > 75% chance of happening
It is common to tabulate risk assessment, as shown overleaf. The form is filled in from left to
right:
 Identify the hazard.
 Identify who is at risk – staff or students.
 Identify the probability and severity of the event happening.
 Calculate the Raw Risk from the Risk Matrix.
 If the risk is Low no further action is needed.

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 If the risk is Medium of High you must identify a control measure which will reduce the
risk of an event. This will reduce either the severity or probability, or both. Then
calculate the Residual Risk, this should be Medium or Low (see next section for more
detail).
Approved Codes of Practice (ACoPs) : are documents issued by the HSC that provide
guidance on good practice. ACoPs are not compulsory but they have special status under the law
and represent the minimum standard for compliance with UK health and safety legislation.
Failure to comply with an ACoP may be taken by a court as evidence of failure to comply with
the requirements of the relevant legislation or regulations.

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8.2 Health and Safety & Welfare Risk Assessment
Hazard
PersonsatRisk
Raw Risk
Comments or Control Measures Specified by the Assessor
Residual Risk
Probability
of
Occurrence
Severityof
Occurrence
Risk
Probability
of
Occurrence
Severityof
Occurrence
Risk
Manual Handling,
Deliveries and
materials in
general
Site
Personnel
M H H
All workers are trained how to lift properly, Provide banksman for
mechanical lifts. Make sure the route is clear of obstructions. Heavy or
awkward loads should be moved using a handling aid, such as cranes.
Separate work area if necessary. Report damaged components to
supervisor
L L L
Noise from
machinery
Site
personnel
H M M
Make sure that all site personnels wear appropriate PPE such as ear muffs
if needed.
Cutters, knives
and sharp tools
(Hand tools)
Site
Personnel
H M H
Staff trained to safely use, maintain and store knives. Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) used. Adequate space for staff to work safely. Remind
staff not to distract colleagues when they are using knives. Check that
workshop first-aiders are trained in first aid for stab wounds. Students to
be supervised when using hazardous equipment. Also trying to minimize
the use of hand tools on the construction site.
M L M

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Working at Height
Site
Personnel
L M M
Fall of materials and people from scaffolding. Suitable stepladder in good
condition provided, should be secured, footed, erected at the right angle
and staff know how to use it safely. Staff trained and made aware of any
changes to the structure. Boundaries around high walking areas and these
are well identified by hazard colours. Providing handrail and kicker rail.
PPE to be used at all times.
L L L
Electrical Faulty
building wiring,
faulty electrical
appliances.
Site
Personnel
M H H
Trained personnel and students told of how to use all the electrical
appliances. Equipment is safe when supplied and maintain it in a safe
condition. Provide enough socket-outlets for equipment in use and avoid
overloading socket-outlets – using adaptors can cause fires. Keep
maintenance to the extent of the law. Any discoloured sockets, defective
plugs; damaged cables should be able to be identified by trained personnel.
In case of an emergency site personnel should be able to locate the
electricity box to turn on/off electricity. Clear access to the fuse box.
Make sure all clothing is out of the way. Follow the manufacturer's
instructions.
L M L

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Cement mixing,
contact with
chemicals.
Site
Personnel
L H M
Skin contact with dry and wet cement, which can cause burns as well as
dust therefore a dust mask may be required. Keep hands away from
moving parts, use barrier cream, wash frequently and use PPE at all times.
Refer to COSHH Assessment, The COSHH Approved code of Practice
(ACoP) recommends that exposure be prevented by:
 Altering work methods so that the task that causes exposure is no
longer carried out
 Modifying the process to remove Hazardous Substances including
by-products or waste
 Substituting the hazardous substance with a less hazardous type or
form of the substance, e.g. using granules instead of powder to
reduce dust levels or a less volatile solvent in a process.
L M L
Slips and trips and
falls
Site
personnel
M H H
Site personnel tries to stop debris, cables, electrical appliances getting on
the floor. Leaks on machines are fixed and staff put the materials and
utensils on its appropriated place. Staff and students "clean as they go".
Trailing cables, try to place equipment to avoid cables crossing where
people walk and use cable guards to cover cables where required. Improve
lighting levels and placement of lighting to provide a more even lighting
level over all areas. Ensure workers choose suitable footwear with the
correct type of sole.
L L L
Overall stability
Site
personnel
M H M
Have to ensure that the bridge is stable after it is constructed and during
construction and that is by testing loading during construction. This is so
we prevent the bridge from collapsing after and during construction.
L M L

Group 1 Page 32
Using crane to
move steel into
place
Site
Personnel
M M L
Make sure a professional is operation the crane, make sure everyone is
wearing appropriate PPE such as Hard hat, safety boots, high visibility
vest/jacket, Safety goggles. Make sure warning signs are in place and
personnel not involved should be cleared. Make sure crane drivers have
the appropriate and right instructions.
L M L
Using a crane to
move the deck
Site
personnel
L H M
Professionals also should maintain all crane operators should be trained
professionals and have passed the appropriate exams. Make sure that the
crane does not lift more than its ability and make sure of everything before
lifting that its carried out in the right angle with the right height. Loading
area should be marked and separated by ropes, as well as presence of
bench man is essential. Communication in key in lifting so make sure they
are visible.
L M L
Handling and
assembly of
reinforcement bars
Site
personnel
M M L
Handle carefully with a proper manner. Make sure all appropriate PPE is
worn such as hard hat, safety boots, high visibility vest/jacket, Safety
goggles. Use power tools in a confined area away from everyone else. M L L

Group 1 Page 33
Machinery Staff
risk deep cuts,
amputations from
contact with
blades or heavy
machinery in
movement
Site
Personnel
M H H
All machines guarded according to manufactures' instruction.
Staff trained in using machines safely, including pre-use checks and safe
systems of work.
Warning signs displayed at machines.
Sufficient space provided for operator around machines.
Apprentice not to use or clean machinery here there is access to moving
parts.
Helmet and plastic goggles, as PPD indicates.
Only authorised personal can make use of the machinery
L L L

Group 1 Page 34
8.3 Risk assessment - Surveying
Hazard PersonsatRisk
Raw Risk Comments or Control Measures Specified by the Assessor Residual Risk
ProbabilityofOccurrence
SeverityofOccurrence
Risk
ProbabilityofOccurrence
SeverityofOccurrence
Risk
Falling into the
water
Site
Personnel
H M M
All participants who are involved with working close to water
body must avoid stepping on loose and unstable ground. Cuts
of diseased water leading to Dysentery, Gastro Enteritis,
contaminated water in contact with broken skin causing
infections or Weils disease, Cryptosporidium or similar. This
could be prevented:
Drowning. An action that might mitigate it from the design is
by working with dry docks. If this is not possible it could be
prevented by the following:
1. Provision of barriers to all deep-water excavations.
2. Provision of life belts adjacent to deep-water excavations.
3. Briefing of site personnel.
4. Students to prepare safe method of working.
L M L

Group 1 Page 35
5. Sinking of platform will require works to be carried out in
centre of lake from a boat.
Poor weather
conditions
Site
Personnel
M M M
In case of bad weather, all surveying activities must cease. All
the equipment should be stored properly to avoid any damage.
M M L
Slippery surface
Site
Personnel
M M M
Participants must observe their steps on slippery surface
especially after a heavy down pour. Additional measures can be
observed by placing temporary cover by using gravel or
aggregate.
L M L
Tripping Site
Personnel
M M M
Whenever possible, uneven surfaces must be levelled. Care
must be observed when setting up the surveying equipment on
rough/slippery surfaces or even next to a water body. Also
making sure that site personnel not involved should be cleared
from site. Make sure they are aware of the setting out lines.
L M L
Manipulating the
surveying
equipment
Site
Personnel
L M M
Anyone using the surveying equipment should be trained when
undertaking the surveying or must have knowledge of how to
use it. Care must always be taken whenever the instrument is
used to avoid risk of injury. Also make sure that equipment are
carried in an appropriate manner.
L M L

Group 1 Page 36
8.4 Risk assessment - Shuttering
Hazard
PersonsatRisk
Raw Risk
Residual Risk
Probability
of
Occurrence
Severityof
Occurrence
Risk
Probability
of
Occurrence
Severityof
Occurrence
Risk
Assembly
using
hammers
Site Personnel L L L
Make sure all personnel are trained in the correct way to conduct
oneself with a hammer. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be
used.
L L L
Slips, trips
and falls
Site personnel L L M
Site personnel try to stop debris, cables, and electrical appliances getting
on the floor. Leaks on machines are fixed and staff put the materials
and utensils on its appropriated place. Staff and students "clean as they
go". Trailing cables, try to place equipment to avoid cables crossing
where people walk and use cable guards to cover cables where required.
Improve lighting levels and placement of lighting to provide a more
even lighting level over all areas. Ensure workers choose suitable
footwear with the correct type of sole.
L L L
Using power
tools , i.e.
cutting
timber and
plywood,
circular saw
Site Personnel L L M
Make sure all personnel are trained to correctly use cutting equipment
and close attention is paid whilst cutting the wood. PPE must be worn.
Make sure that the right manner of induction when handling power
tools. Try to do the cutting away from site personnel to reduce pieces of
wood that may fly away and decreasing the number of people in danger.
L L L

Group 1 Page 37
Alkali burns Site Personnel L L H
Suitable PPE (ie. Gloves) must be provided and long sleeves should
always be worn to avoid direct contact with any wet concrete when
removing the formwork. There must be a hand wash station nearby in
case of direct contact with wet concrete.
L L M
Falling
formwork
when lifting
into place
Make sure suitable PPE is worn (ie. hard hats). All personnel should be
properly briefed in the correct lifting procedure. Pay attention at all
times and be aware of formwork being moved around. Stay clear of site
personnel as shuttering is moving. Allocate 3 or more people to move
shuttering safely.
L L L
Injury
caused by
protruding
nails
Site Personnel L L L
Suitable PPE should be worn (ie. gloves). Make sure all nails are flush
with the formwork to avoid snagging.
L L L
Splinters Site Personnel L L L
Suitable PPE must be worn (ie. gloves). Take care at all times when
handling formwork.
L L L
Kick-back
from
circular saw
Suitable PPE must be worn (ie. goggles). Make sure to keep a rigid top
arm at all times when using saw and that correct training has been given
to any student using the saw.
L L L
Saw dust in
eyes
Suitable PPE must be worn, goggles must always be worn. Any
personnel not needed to cut the formwork should not be close by at the
time of cutting.
L L L

Group 1 Page 38
8.5 Risk assessment - Concreting
Hazard
PersonsatRisk
Raw Risk
Residual Risk
Probability
of
Occurrence
Severityof
Occurrence
Risk
Probability
of
Occurrence
Severityof
Occurrence
Risk
Concrete plopping
into the eyes.
Site
Personnel
M L H
To control the risk, PPE must be worn specially (goggles) and
(Gloves). Personnel pouring should be very careful handling concrete
pouring as well as making sure anyone not involved should be cleared
from site.
M L L
Concrete burns
the skin.
Site
personnel
M M M
Wearing the right PPE (Hard hat, safety goggles, safety gloves, high
visibility jacket etc.) to avoid freshly mixed concrete to fall into the
skin. Risk cannot be avoided or substituted. Make sure site personnel
stay away from poring if not involved in the process
L L L
Injury caused by
carrying the
concrete.
Site
Personnel
H H H
To control the risk, two or more students should participate when
moving the concrete by using the right equipment to avoid back
injury. Avoid manual handling
M M L
Pumping and
spraying concrete
due to the high
pressure to avoid
eyes and skin
injury.
Site
Personnel
H H H
To control and minimise the risk, PPE must wear all the times
including goggles, gloves, long sleeves, long pants and safety rubber
boots.
M L L

Group 1 Page 39
Falling objects on
head.
Site
Personnel
M L M
Make sure suitable PPE is worn (hard hats). All personnel should be
properly briefed in the correct lifting procedure. Pay attention at all
times and be aware of pipes being moved during the mix concrete
process
L L L
Placing concrete
Site
Personnel
M H M
It is very important that professional engineers check the framework
of the structure, to eliminate the possibility of framework collapsing.
Also be careful with lifting the concrete on to the pillars of the bridge
therefore usage of professional machinery.
L M L

Group 1 Page 40
9 Method Statement
9.1 Project Information
Project/Title Kingsgate Footbridge
Group number Group 01
Issue Date 17/03/2014
Company Details/Address CITB Construction Skills
Tel. 01485577775
www.citb.co.uk
Head office Bircham Newton’s, King’s Lynn,
Norfolk, PE31 6RH
Start/Completion Date 17th March 2014/21st March 2014
Site Address Bircham Newton’s, King’s Lynn, Norfolk,
PE31 6RH
University of salford emergency contact
details
43 The Crescent, Salford, Lancashire M5 4WT
Phone:0161 295 5000
Activity To construct 1:10 scaled version of Kingsgate
Footbridge on Bircham Newton
Constructionarium site.

Group 1 Page 41
Figure 16 Site location
9.2 Outline itinerary of constructionarium week
Sunday Load survey equipment
Depart at noon From rear of Newton building
Arrive NCC approximately 4:00pm, evening
meal and safety induction
Monday Breakfast
8am site induction, begin work
Tuesday Breakfast 7:00 - 8:30am
Lunch 12:00 - 1:30pm
Dinner 5:00 - 6:30pm
Wednesday Breakfast 7:00 - 8:30am
Lunch 12:00 - 1:30pm
Thursday Breakfast 7:00 - 8:30am
Lunch 12:00 - 1:30pm
Friday 8am deposit bags in safe room
Finalise projects and depart at 11 o'clock
Arrive Newton Building approximately 5:00pm
Unload survey equipment

Group 1 Page 42
9.3 Health Protection
9.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) “at work regulation
1992”
● Protective gloves: European Standards EN374-2 and EN374-3 protective gloves are
provided to protect hands from water/wet work and from Substance/Chemicals.
● Protective Clothing: Boiler suits, High-visibility clothing, conventional or disposal
overalls are provided to protect the body from Temperature extremes, adverse weather,
chemical or metal splash, spray from pressure leaks or spray guns, impact or penetration,
contaminated dust, excessive wear or entanglement of own clothing.
● Protective Footwear: Safety boots and shoes with protective toe caps and penetration-
resistant mid-sole, gaiters, leggings, spats are provided to protect leg/foot from Wet,
electrostatic build-up, slipping, cuts and punctures, falling objects, metal and chemical
splash, abrasion.
● Eye Protection: Safety spectacles, goggles, face-shields and visors are provided to protect
eyes from Chemical or metal splash, dust, projectiles, gas and vapour and radiation
during construction.
● Head Protection: helmets, hard hats and bump caps are provided to protect the head
from impact from falling or flying objects, risk of head bumping and hair entanglement.
● Breathing Protection: half or full-face respirators air-fed helmets are provided to protect
breathing from dust and vapour.
● Noise protection: Workers who are working with heavy tools or machines which are
creating louder noise have to be supplied with hearing protection.

Group 1 Page 43
9.3.2 Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)pm
RPE should be used:
● while you are planning to install engineering control
● clearing up a spillage
● maintenance
● emergencies
● cleaning, e.g. pressure washing
● a short term one-off procedure
● whenever required for safe working
NOTE: All Staff/Students to be made aware/Trained of PPE use, when to use and where to
store if not needed. All Equipments are available at the site and all staff/Students are advised to
use them when appropriate. All PPE must be checked before use. All equipment must be stored
in clean dry place when it is not being use; also it should be kept clean and in good repair.
9.3.3 First Aid “The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981”
First aid kits are carried and must be around at all time (all users are to be aware of their
location). All staff/Students are to be made aware of their location and how to use them in an
emergency situation. Fully trained team is available onsite.
9.4 Scope of works
The Kingsgate Footbridge has been programmed to finish with 4.5 days only. All
materials/Equipments are delivered to site at time by the appropriate team. The project has been
prepared and planned by a group of students and is monitored by head office specialized team
with the help of Salford university specialised teachers, professors and doctors. The Project will
begin by preparing all required machines, plants and materials, After that, concrete will be ready
to cast for pile foundation, preparing holes with the appropriate steel for column finish, next
decking is prepared by constructing the appropriate deck shape/ frame, then it is lifted and put
correctly while also preparing the connections for attaching beams, process is repeated.

Group 1 Page 44
9.5 Managing and refueling generator
As part of a construction project there are lots of situations where workers might need
electrical power where there is no electrical services. In such cases we are use generators which
give us the opportunity to use heavy tools machines. Generators are machines which work on
petrol and produce electricity. In order to use them we need to be familiarised with the machine
and how it actually works.
Vital steps to keep the generator and yourself in safe working conditions:
 Read and understand the owner`s manual before operating the generator. Failure to do
so can result in personal injury or equipment damage.
 Operate the generator on a level surface.
 When using an extension make sure to use flexible rubber cable.
 Never overload a generator. Learn beforehand how much electricity you need and
choose appropriate size generator.
 Understanding of how to start and stop a generator.
 Generators should not be used in rain or snow.
 Generators must never be used inside a house because of the exhaust fumes the machine
produces.
 Do not operate the generator while it is on a vehicle.
 Do not leave the generator at direct sunlight when it is not used.
Refueling the generator:
 Before refueling shut the generator off and check the engine oil level. Use funnel to
eliminate spillage. Never start the generator with fuel cap removed. If there is spillage of
fuel while refueling make sure the machine is properly cleaned before restarting.
 Keep away from cigarettes, smoke and sparks while refueling.
 The fuel for the generator should be stored in an approved container.
 When refueling the generator do not overfill the tank with fuel.

Group 1 Page 45
9.6 Construction Traffic management/ site access and deliveries
The site benefits from good transport links and is accessed off Great Bircham street.
Considering the wide roads and the free open area bircham newton can be accessed by a number
of roads like B1155, however it is considered that Great Bircham road running west south would
provide the most appropriate approach for works traffic.
Vehicular and pedestrian access to the site compound will be from Great Bircham Road.
Delivery vehicles will be provided with directions to the site and be required to turn off engines
to control noise around the area, temporary parking spaces are available.
Figure 2 Contructionarium site
9.7 Materials/equipment delivery
NOTE: for safety reasons all materials, equipment, machines and plants are carried and
delivered onto the appropriate location as mentioned previously. All excavators and heavy
plants are to be operated by competent individuals alongside the experienced team and experts.
If needed all training certificate and permits are to be available at any time and that is for safety
and security reasons.
Constructionariu
m site

Group 1 Page 46
9.8 Detailed construction stages
MS Reference Number: 001
Project Title: Kingsgate footbridge Specify a residual Risk that this MS Relates to:
- Being run over / harmed through activity of
plant by others
Construction Activity: Preparation
Operatives Name(S): Date of activity: 17.03.2014
Personnel Requirement: Activity Details:
 All plant to be operated only by trained personnel.
Access routes to be clearly marked out on site and all
visitors to site and site personnel to be briefed prior to
entering site.
 Make sure the site is cleared from vehicles, debris and spoils
from jobsite. Signs are also put to let any construction crews
nearby that they no longer park in the site. Keep curbs and
gutters clear of construction debris. Create the appropriate
area by create a safe environment for site surveying. Put
fences.
Material Requirement:
- No materials required
Plant Requirement:
Stakes
1xtruck
1xcrane
1xexcavator

Group 1 Page 47
Project Title:
Kingsgate footbridge
Specify a residual Risk that this MS Relates to:
- Risk of working next to water
Construction Activity
Putting sandbags, and
pumping up the water to
create a dry space for working
Operatives Name(S): All 20
people
Date of activity:16.03.2014
Personnel Requirement:
-Water pump operator
Activity Details
 In order to provide a dry space for working we are going to
put sandbags. Once the sandbags are in the water we will
pump the water out untill there is a dry space for working.
 The pumped water will be stored into a tank which will be
provided on site. Once the conctruction works finish the
watewr will be poured back into the river.
Figure 17 pumping the water out
Material Requirement
-Sandbags
Plant Requirement
- Water pump
- Water tank

Group 1 Page 48
Project Title
Falling into the river bank
Surveying
Operatives Name(S):
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
Personnel Requirement
Setting out Engineer and 5
participants
Activity Details
First and foremost, before carrying out surveying, the site has to be
cleared from any potential obstacles and water has to be diverted to
allow and create a dry land on the downhill side. It is advisable to make
the site a bit sloppy to drain water off in case of unfavourable weather
conditions.
Set up the total station at one of the stations provided (station 03) as
shown in, and make sure the total station is calibrated accurately so as
to get accurate measurements and to avoid errors when the surveying is
completed.
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
1 x 300mm Spirit Level
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
100m builder’s line
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff
1 x 50m Measuring tape

Group 1 Page 49
Project Title
Surveying
Operatives Name(S)
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
Figure 18 Position of stations
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 50
Project Title
Setting out the total station
Operatives Name(S)
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
Figure 19 Setting out the Total Station
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 51
Project Title
Surveying
Operatives Name(S)
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
 The azimuth of the total station must be set 0 degrees once
everything has been set up properly.
 Work out the values for the Northing and Easting provided
(see the calculations at the end of MS 01) to get the exact
readings for the degree of the location of station 08 and use it
as a reference point to locate the positions of the two
foundations SO1 and SO2 shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20 Position for the centre of foundation
 Turn the total station to the required reading for SO1 and mark
it with a peg. Do same with SO2 and make it using a peg.
 Once the centre of the foundations has been pegged, move the
total station and then set it up on either SO1 or SO2 to locate
the centres of the foundation and establish the centre line on a
batter board. See Figure 21
 Offset the batter boards 1-2m away from the edge of the
foundation and must be parallel with the foundation walls. All
the batter boards must be at-least 0.5m higher than the
maximum foundation elevation.
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 52
Project Title
Surveying
Operatives Name(S)
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
Figure 21 Foundation set-up using batter boards
 Set up the total station at the position marked either SO1 or
SO2. To locate the centre of the foundation use a plumb bob
and sight the peg below the total station that must be in-line
with the tip of the plum bob. The azimuth of the total stations
must be set 0 degrees once the centre of the corresponding
foundation has been found, lock the left-right of the total
station.
 Turn the total station up or down till the top of the batter
board has been sighted and ask someone to mark that position
with a pencil.
 Next, turn the total station at 900
to get the position of the
centre of the foundation and mark with a pencil on the batter
board.
 Then, turn it again at 1800
and same with 2700
and do same
with marking on the batter board.
 Place the total station on the other part of the foundation and
repeat the process again.
 Once the centre of all foundation has been established on the
board, next is to measure the foundation wall sides by use of
tape measure from each size of the centre lines marked on the
board and nail it. See Figure 21 and Figure 22 for detail.
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 53
Project Title
Surveying
Operatives Name(S)
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
Figure 22 Foundation and pile markings on the board
Connect all the marked points together by use of string to produce an
outline of the pile caps and foundation wall so that both the pile and
the shuttering can be placed correctly. See Figure 23
Figure 23 Locating the position of the pile using strings
 Once the shuttering has been placed, place the piles and push it
to the ground either by hammer or excavator.
 Ensure the piles are pushed vertically straight to the ground by
use of spirit level on opposite sides as shown in Figure 24
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 54
Project Title
Surveying
Operatives Name(S)
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
Figure 24 Position the pile straight using spirit level
Finally, remove the strings so that bracings and support can be
attached to the shuttering.
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 55
Project Title
Surveying
Operatives Name(S)
Surveying team
Date of activity
17th March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
Levelling
 Using ground level as a reference point, set up the level
at ground and get the backside of the ground height by
using staff, then lock the up-down lock so as to allow
the level to move sideways.
 Take the staff and place it at the lowest foundation to
get the height and record the readings down.
 Then, place the staff to the other foundation and check
the reading and see if how much top soil should be
excavated.
Finally, the excavation can be carried out. (Moffitt, 1998)
12 x Wooden pegs
6 x Batter board
2 x Graphite hammer
2 x Club hammer
2 x Pencil
0.5kg 3” nails
Plant Requirement
1 x Total station
1 x Tripod
1 x Staff prism
1 x Plumb bob
1 x Ranging pole
1 x Level
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 56
Project Title
Kingsgate Swing Bridge
Back injury, compactor running over foot
Soil compaction
Operatives Name(S)
Saleh Habib
Date of activity
19th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
 Once the two foundations have been excavated, next is to start
compacting the soil to required level by either adding or
removing soil. First is to identify where the soil can be picked
and then ensure the right equipment is available for the transfer
of soil from one place to the other such as wheelbarrow (Figure
25) and shovel (Figure 26).
Figure 25 wheelbarrow
Figure 26 shovel
 Using a staff and leveller, every time the soil is compacted using
compactor “see Figure 27” the level of how deep the
foundation can be found, whether we have to raise or reduce
the ground by either adding or removing soil as the compaction
is going on.
2-3 Wheelbarrow
4 Shovels
Plant Requirement
1 x Soil compactor
1 x Leveler
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 57
Project Title
Kingsgate Swing Bridge
Back injury, compactor running over foot
Soil compaction
Operatives Name(S)
Saleh Habib
Date of activity
17th
March 2014 at 8:30-11:30
participants
Activity Details
Figure 27 soil compactor
 It is crucial to make the ground level and get the exact
measurement there it is better to have the four corners of the
foundation right as the shutter will rest on this position.
 Care must be observed when soil is being transferred from one
place to another because the person doing the shovelling and
lifting of wheelbarrow can be inflicted with back injury and
pain. Is better to lift half full wheelbarrow of soil at a time and
during shovelling the person should bend his or her knees
rather than bending their back.
 Once the soil has been taken where is required the
wheelbarrow should be tilted over to remove the soil and then
spread to the ground for compaction. These processes should
be repeated till the required level is achieved.
Once the activity is done the wheelbarrows and shovels must be
cleaned and placed back to the storage area until when is required
again.
2-3 Wheelbarrow
4 Shovels
Plant Requirement
1 x Soil compactor
1 x Leveler
1 x Staff

Group 1 Page 58
9.9 Calculations for the Co-ordinates for Setting out of the
foundations
Station Easting (m) Northing (m)
3 434.265 504.833
8 405.516 467.35
STN 3
STN 8
N
β
Figure 28 Setting out the station at station 3 to sight station 8
Station Easting (m) Northing (m) From ST. 03 (E = 434.265 N = 504.833)
WCB
SO1 450.298 461.981 159029’12”
SO2 446.763 458.446 164055’15”
ST. 03 434.265 504.833

Group 1 Page 59
STN 3
SO1
N
β
STN 3
SO2
N
β

Group 1 Page 60
m
(Figure 23)

Group 1 Page 61
Figure 29 Setting out the exact positions of the caps

Group 1 Page 62
Project Title
Injuries while hammering Sharp materials (nails).
Heavy equipment
Sawdust allergies, Splinters
Excessive noise, Electrocution
Foundation Pile cap shuttering
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity
17.03.2014
Labour x 6
PPE
Adequate cutter
Activity Details
Creating the shuttering for the foundation.
Each cap will have two sheets of plywood (0.65m x 1.300m) having
0.025m excess on each side for the timber support, hence timber will
have a thickness of 0.025m and two sheet of plywood (0.65m x 1.250m)
forming the full 4 sides for each pile cap formwork.
1. Place the plywood on the working table and secure it in a
suitable position.
2. Use a measuring tape and mark the dimensions using a
pen/pencil
3. Cut the plywood with a chainsaw or a hand saw
4. Cut the 2cm thick plywood to the following dimension
below:
 Cut 4 plywood pieces at 0.65m X 1.300m
 Cut 4 plywood pieces at 0.65m X 1.250m
4 x Plywood (0.65m x 1.300m)
4 x Plywood (0.65m x 1.250m)
Measuring tape
Pen/pencil
Plant Requirement
2 x Chainsaw
4 x Hand saw

Group 1 Page 63
Project Title:
Injuries while hammering Sharp materials (nails).
Heavy equipment
Sawdust allergies, Splinters
Excessive noise,
Construction Activity:
Foundation pile cap shuttering (Part
2)
Operatives Name(S):
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
17.03.2014
Personnel Requirement:
Labour x 6
PPE
Activity Details:
Each pile cap formwork is supported by 4 vertical timber plank
support, one at each corner and 3 timber planks on each side
in between the vertical planks. Each timber plank will have a
dimension of (0.025m x 0.076m) those support will be nailed
on each side of the plywood. Each timber support will have 3
nails with 25mm spacing nailed horizontally.
1. Place the 0.025m X 0.076m timber plank on a working
table and secure it in a suitable position.
2. Use a measuring tape and mark the dimension on by
using a pen/pencil
3. Use a chain saw or a and saw to cut
4. Cut 8 plank of timber at 0.650m
5. Cut 12 plank of timber at 1.1m
6. Then place the timber planks on to the plywood
and mark the positioning.
7. Add wood glue to increase the strength of the join
8. Then use a hammer to nail timber planks onto the
plywood. Nail from inside the plywood sheet to the
timber plank.
The formwork will be placed in the 0.65m deep excavated
areas and soil is used to surround the caps to create an
extra support for the shuttering.
116 X Nails
8 X 0.650m X Timber (0.025m x
0.076m)
12 X 1.1m X Timber (0.025m x
0.076m)
Wood glue
Plant Requirement:
8 x Claw Hammer
2 x Chainsaw
4 x Hand saw

Group 1 Page 64
Figure 30 Assembly of the formwork Stage 1
Figure 31 Stage 2

Group 1 Page 65
Figure 32 Stage 3
Figure 33 Stage 4

Group 1 Page 66
Project Title: Kingsgate
footbridge
Sharp objects
Heavy objects
Dropping/Falling objectsConstruction Activity
Assembling the reinforcement
cage for the caps
Operatives Name(S):
Concreting team
Date of activity
16.03.2014
PPE
Activity Details
Figure 34 Rebar for pile caps
We will be provided with all elements required for assembling the cage
on site
Each element will be tied with steel wire until the whole cage is ready.
Provided elements
 8-T12-01-200 U bars
 16-T12-02-200 L bars
 4-T12-03 Top hat
 4-T12-02-200 L bars
The reinforcement cage then will be lifted using crane and placed inside
the caps shuttering .
Steel wire
Plant Requirement
Hammers
Cutter
Pliers
Crane

Group 1 Page 67
Project Title Kingsgate
footbridge
Falling into the excavated area
Heavy machinery risk
Excavating the soil to place the
shuttering
Operatives Name(S)
Excavating team
Date of activity:
17.03.2014
Excavator operator
Activity Details
 Prepare the site to dig the foundation base
 The foundation base pad dimension is rectangular shape
1250mm by 1250 mm.
 Excavators’ machinery will be required to dig the foundation
base around the piles.
 Dig a rectangular shape hole so that the shuttering can be
placed on to the ground.
Figure 35 Excavating the soil
Figure 36 placing the shuttering in position
Plant Requirement
Excavator
Shovel

Group 1 Page 68
Project Title:
Heavy machinery risk
Sharp objects
Dropping objectsConstruction Activity:
Pushing the piles into the
ground
Operatives Name(S)
Competent excavator
operator
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
Personnel
Requirement:
Excavator operator
Activity Details:
 Excavate the area and clean it from rock and make it plain
 Place the shuttering for the caps in position
 Place the reinforcement inside the shuttering
 Push piles into the ground with the help of excavator
 6 piles for each pile cap
 A person should hold the piles while they are driven into the
ground to make sure they go straight down.
Figure 37 pushing piles into the ground
Steel piles
Plant Requirement:
Excavators

Group 1 Page 69
Project Title:
Kingsgate Footbridge
Falling in the river
Dawning
RatsConstruction Activity :
Installing the base plate
Operatives Name(S):
Concreting team
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
Personnel
Requirement:
-Competent workers who
will connect the base
plate to the piles
Activity Details:
 The metal base plate have to be rotating in order to move both
sections of the bridge 90 degrees so that the assembling can be
done.
 We have to check if the base plate is working properly before
installing.
 The rotating base plate mechanism will be casted in the concrete.
 We have to put grease on the base plate for easier rotation.
Figure 38 Base plate
-Bolts
-Rotating base plate
Plant Requirements:
No plant required

Group 1 Page 70
Project Title
- Risk of working with concrete
- Risk of falling in to the excavated hole
Construction Activity :
Casting the supporting pads
Operatives Name(S)
Concreting team
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
-Excavator operator
PPE
Activity Details
 For this step all people must be equipped with protective
gloves, goggles, safety boots etc.
 Clean the soil inside and prepare the concrete pump
machine
 Cover the inside surface of the formwork with shuttering
oil
 Pour concrete inside the shuttering for the caps.
 Vibrate the concrete to avoid any air gaps when it dries
out.
Figure 39 pouring the concrete for the pile caps
Concrete grade C40
Plant Requirement
Excavators
Concrete mixers

Group 1 Page 71
Project Title
Dropping objects
Sharp objects
Heavy materialsConstruction Activity:
Lifting the steel supports
Operatives Name(S)
Mobile crane operator
Date of activity:
20.03.2014
PPE
Crane operator
Activity Details:
Figure 40 lifting the steel legs
 To proceed on to the installation of the steel legs we need
to be sure that the concrete caps are strong enough
 The steel supports will be lifted by mobile crane operator.
 During the lifting process all people must stay far from
the lifting area(H&S)
 The V shaped steel supports will be placed in position and
bolted to the pile caps.
8 x steel socket M24
2x base plate
8x Bolts
Plant Requirement
2 x drills
2 x welding machine
2 x equipment holder

Group 1 Page 72
Project Title :
Heavy objects
Sharp objects
Heavy machinery riskConstruction Activity :
Installation of the V
shaped supports
Operatives Name(S):
Concreting team
Date of activity:
19.03.2014
Personnel
Requirement:
-Competent workers
-Mobile crane operator
Activity Details:
 The "V" shaped supports are mounted on to the rotating base plate. With
the help of mobile crane each support is lifted and assembled.
Figure 41 "V" shaped supports
Figure 42 Installation of the supports
-Bolts
-V shaped supports
Plant Requirement:
-Mobile crane

Group 1 Page 73
Project Title:
Sharp objects
Lifting risk
Dropping riskConstruction Activity:
Installation of metal plates
(connection with decks)
Operatives Name(S):
Concreting team
Date of activity:
19.03.2014
PPE
Activity Details:
 Once the V shaped supports are mounted it is time for metal plates to
be fitted on them. These plates will be used for connecting the decks to
the columns. The connection will be bolted.
Figure 43 Mounting the metal plates on the supports
- Bolts
-Metal plates
Plant Requirement

Group 1 Page 74
Project Title:
Sharp equipment
Heavy material
Splinters, Sawdust allergies
Electrocution
Shuttering for Right
hand-side decking
Operatives Name(S):
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
17.03.2014
Personnel
Requirement:
Adequate cutter
6 x labour
PPE
Activity Details:
In this process the plywood for the shuttering will be cut to measurement
using a chainsaw or a hand saw. 6 people will be working on this process
following the steps below.
1. Place the plywood on the working table and secure it in a correct
position.
2. Use a measuring tape and mark the dimensions on the plywood
3. Then cut the 2cm thick plywood to the following dimensions below:
 2m X 7m
 0.425m X 5.5m
 0.425m X 5m
 0.425m X 1m
 0.425m X 1.6m
Plywood 2cm thick
Tape measure
Working table
Plant Requirements:
2 x Chainsaw
4 x Hand saw

Group 1 Page 75
Project Title
Sharp equipment
Heavy material
Splinters, Sawdust allergies
Electrocution
Cutting timber planks
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
17.03.2014
Adequate cutter
6 x labour
PPE
Activity Details
In this step the timber planks 25mm by 76.2mm will be cut by
using a chain saw or a hand saw. The timber will be used for the
support of the plywood and to hold the plywood in its position.
The timber planks will be placed on a working table and will be
cut.
1. Use a measuring tape and mark the dimensions on the
timber plank
2. Hold the timber plank in to a correct position to make it
easier to cut.
3. Using a chain saw or a hand saw cut the timber plank
4. Cut 13 timber planks of 0.425m
8. Cut 3 timber planks of 5m
9. Cut 3 timber planks of 1m
10. Cut 1 timber plank of 5.3m
11. Cut 1 timber plank of 6.5m
Timber Planks(25mm X 76.2mm)
Working Table
Plant Requirement
2 x Chain Saw
4 x Hand Saw

Group 1 Page 76
Project Title
Sharp nails
Hammering
Splinters, Sawdust allergiesConstruction Activity
Assembling the plywood and
timber planks together (Part 1)
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity
17.03.2014
PPE
6 x labour
Activity Details
In this step the plywood and timber planks will be attached together for
the left and right side of the deck shuttering by using nails and glue.
1. First mark up on the 0.425m x 5.5m plywood where the 3 timber
planks will be placed horizontally
2. Place the 3 planks of 5.5m in its correct position (top, bottom
and middle) on the 5.5m of plywood
3. Increase the strength of the join by adding glue
4. Once step 1 & 2 are complete. You can start to hammer the nails
into timber plank and through to the plywood carefully.
5. 15 nails on each plank to attach the timber plank to the plywood
6. A row of 3 nails every 1.1m
7. Now mark up on the 0.425m x 5m plywood where the planks
will be placed
8. Place the 3 planks of 5m in its correct position (top, bottom and
middle) on the 5m of plywood
9. Once step 6 & 7 are complete. You can start to hammer the nails
into timber plank and through to the plywood carefully.
10. 15 nails on each plank to attach the timber plank to the plywood
0.425m x 5.5m plywood
0.425m x 5m plywood
90 x Nails
4 x Wood Glue
Plant Requirement
4 x Claw hammer

Group 1 Page 77
Project Title
Sharp nails
Hammering
Splinters
Sawdust allergies
Assembling the plywood and
timber planks together (Part 2)
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity
17.03.2014
PPE
6 x labour
Activity Details
In this step the front and back plywood will be attached with timber
planks using glue and nails.
1. First mark up on the 0.425m x 1m plywood where the 3
timber planks will be placed horizontally
2. Now place the 1m timber planks in its correct position (Top,
Bottom & Middle)
3. Add glue to increase strength of the join
4. Once step 1 & 2 are complete. You can start to hammer the
nails into timber plank and through to the plywood carefully.
5. 9 nails on each timber plank to attach to the plywood
54 x Nails
Wood Glue
Plant Requirement
4 x Claw Hammer

Group 1 Page 78
Project Title
Sharp nails
Hammering
Splinters
Sawdust allergies
Attaching the vertical timber
planks to horizontal
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity
17.03.2014
Personnel Requirement Activity Details
In this step the opposite of the triangular support will be attached to
the horizontal timber on the plywood.
1. The 0.425m plank will be attached vertically
2. It will cross 3 horizontal 5.5m timber planks
3. Place the 0.425m plank on top of the horizontal plank
4. 4 nails on each plank allowing it to be attached to the horizontal
plank firmly
5. That should be done every 1m on the horizontal planks
6. Repeat this process on the 5m timber planks on the other side
13 x 0.425m timber planks
156 x Nails
4 x Wood glue
Plant Requirement
4 X Claw Hammer

Group 1 Page 79
Project Title
Sharp nails
Hammering
Splinters
Sawdust allergies
Attach the base of the triangular
timber plank support
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity
18.03.2014
PPE
Hammer user
Activity Details
In this step the 0.425m plank of timber will be attached to the plywood
base.
1. Place the 0.425m plank on the plywood on the ground
2. Use 4 nails to attach the plank to the plywood for each plank
3. To increase the strength add wood glue
4. This will be done every 1m along the plywood
0.425m timber plank X 13
52 x Nails
4 x Wood glue
Plant Requirement
2 x Chain saw
4 x Hand saw

Group 1 Page 80
Project Title
Sharp nails
Hammering
Splinters
Sawdust allergies
Attach the horizontal of the
triangular timber plank support
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity
18.03.2014
Personnel Requirement Activity Details
In this process the horizontal of the triangular support will be attached
to the timber plank on the side and the base.
1. Place the 0.6m timber plank and attach one side to the top of
the side of the decking and the other attach to the end of the
ground. Making it in to a right angle triangle.
2. Hammer 2 nails on top and 2 nails on bottom of the plank
completing a triangular support.
0.425m
0.602m
52 x Nails
4 x Wood Glue
Plant Requirement
4 x claw hammer

Group 1 Page 81
Project Title:
Sharp equipment
Heavy material
Splinters
Sawdust allergies
Inside shuttering of the
decking
Operatives Name(S):
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
Personnel
Requirement:
Adequate cutter
6 x labour
PPE
Activity Details:
In this process the plywood for the inside shuttering will be cut to
measurement using a chainsaw or a hand saw. 6 people will be working on
this process following the steps below.
1. Place the plywood on the working table and secure it in a correct
position.
2. Use a measuring tape and mark the dimensions on the plywood
with a pen/pencil
3. Then cut the 2cm thick plywood to the following dimensions
below:
 0.300m X 4.8m
 0.300m X 5.2m
Plywood 2cm thick
Tape measure
Working table
Plant Requirements:
2 x Chainsaw
4 x Hand saw

Group 1 Page 82
Project Title
Sharp equipment
Heavy material
Splinters
Sawdust allergies
Cutting timber planks for the
inside shuttering support
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
Adequate cutter
6 x labour
PPE
Activity Details
In this step the timber planks 25mm by 76.2mm will be cut by
using a chain saw or a hand saw. The timber will be used for the
support of the inside plywood of the decking and to hold the
plywood in its position. The timber planks will be placed on a
working table and will be cut.
1. Use a measuring tape and mark the dimensions on the
timber plank with a pen/pencil
2. Hold the timber plank in to a correct position to make it
easier to cut.
3. Using a chain saw or a hand saw cut the timber plank
Timber Planks(25mm X 76.2mm)
Working Table
Plant Requirement
2 x Chain Saw
4 x Hand Saw

Group 1 Page 83
Project Title
Sharp equipment
Heavy material
Splinters
Sawdust allergies
Joining the timber planks and
plywood for inside shuttering of
decking
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
Hammer user
Activity Details
In this process the plywood and the timber plank support
will be joined together using wood glue and nails.
1. Place the one of the 5.2m timber plank on the top side
of the 5.2m long plywood
2. Use wood glue and nails to attach both together firmly
3. Now place the second 5.2m timber plank on the
bottom side of the 5.2m long plywood
5. Place the one of the 4.8m timber plank on the top side
of the 4.8m long plywood
7. Now place the second 4.8m timber plank on the
bottom side of the 4.8m long plywood
9. When this is complete then proceed with the steps
below
10. Now place the 0.66m timber planks between the
5.2m plywood and the 4.8m plywood to the top and
bottom timber which is already attached to the plywood
Plywood 5.2m x 0.3m
Plywood 4.8m x 0.3m
1.2m timber planks X 4
4 x Wood glue
140 Nails

Group 1 Page 84
Plant Requirement
4 x Claw hammer
11. Once the above step has been completed. The top
timber plank 1.2m can be put in place and hammered
using nails. Every 1.1m along the top as shown below

Group 1 Page 85
M S Reference Number: 015
Project Title
Heavy equipment
Sharp objects
Placing the mesh in the
formwork
Operatives Name(S)
Concrete team
Date of activity
18.03.2014
PPE
Appropriate training
Activity Details
This step deals with the mesh cage that is required for the base and that is
lowered into the formwork for the deck.
 The mesh should be cut into the required shape using a cropper
 The wires should be overlapped with a lap of 350mm long
 Every two layers should be strapped together with a tie wire
 The mesh should be lowered in to the formwork and supported by
concrete spacers. These pad stones should be spaced 600mm apart to
carry the mesh wire ensuring it will carry the mesh but not let it drop.
Mesh
Cropper
Spacers
Plant Requirement
Crane

Group 1 Page 86
Project Title
Heavy equipment
Sharp objects
Assembly of L bars
Operatives Name(S)
Concreting team
Date of activity
18.03.2014
PPE
Appropriate training
Activity Details
This step will deal with the assembly and placement of the L bars.
1. The L bars should be lowered in to the mesh using appropriate
plant (crane or excavator)
2. As it is being lowered it should be stabilised if needed by trained
and competent person(s)
3. The L bars should be threaded through the mesh
4. The bars should be fixed to the meshing using ties
5. Mushroom caps should be placed on each L bar
A393 Mesh
MK04 L bar
Ties
Mushroom caps
Plant Requirement
Cutter

Group 1 Page 87
Project Title
Heavy objects
Sharp objects
Sawdust allergiesConstruction Activity :
Mid-section for left deck
shuttering
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
Hammer user
6 x labourer
PPE
Activity Details
1. The first step is to fix a 0.020m x 0.076m timber post
0.021m down from the top of the 4.712m long plywood
sheet using wood adhesive and nails, three nails should be
spread across every 1m of timber. Make sure the post
spans the full length of the plywood. This activity will be
carried out by 6 people.
2. The next step is to do the same for the 5.288m spanning
plywood sheet making sure the post spans the entire
distance of the plywood sheet.
3. Next fix on the upper timber posts for both the plywood
sheets similar to the picture, again applying wood adhesive
and nails by three people. Make sure the posts span the
entire span of each sheet like the two lower posts.
Wood Glue
Nails
Plant Requirement
4 x Claw hammer

Group 1 Page 88
Project Title
Heavy objects
Sharp objects
Sawdust allergiesConstruction Activity :
Mid-section for left deck
shuttering
Operatives Name(S)
Shuttering team
Date of activity:
18.03.2014
6 x Labour
Activity Details
1. Now the lower perpendicular timber planks can be
connected. This is done similarly as shown on the picture,
again using the same techniques as the previous
connections i.e. adhesive and nails, two nails should be
sufficient on each joint. One person will have to provide
temporary support while another fixes it in place. Start on
a side were both the boards are level and go until you
reach the adjacent end of the triangle, as seen on the plan
view below. There will be a total of four of these
connections each spaced 1.5m from one another.
2. Using the four perpendicular timber planks now connect
the two pieces of plywood sheets together with wood
adhesive and nails with hammer. This is a job for three
people.
3. The next step is to fix on the middle timber plank sitting
just above the lower plank sandwiching the perpendicular
posts in-between the two, using same methods again.
Timber planks
Plywood
Nails
Wood glue
Plant Requirement
4 x Claw Hammer

FINAL KGB SUBMISSION

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