The simple present tense

1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
By: DG

2. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
◦ The simple present tense in English represents the firts tense and the most used as well.
◦ The simple present has different uses as the following ones:
 Repeated actions (habits, hobbies, daily events, etc)
 Simple statements or facts
 Truths
 With verbs of the senses and metal processes
 Future

3. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb conjugation & spelling:
◦ We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
◦ In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.
Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home
he / she / it speaks / learns English at home

4. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
◦ The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that
verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
go – goes
catch – catches
wash – washes
kiss – kisses
fix – fixes
buzz – buzzes

5. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
◦ marry – marries
◦ study – studies
◦ carry – carries
◦ worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
◦ play – plays
◦ enjoy – enjoys
◦ say – says

6. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense
◦ To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs
EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).
Affirmative: You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French.
◦ You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when
the subject is I, you, we or they.
Affirmative: He speaks German.
Negative: He doesn't speak German.

7. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
◦ When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to
make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the
affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative
sentence. We will see the reason why below.
Negative Contractions
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
◦ I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
◦ There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken
English.

8. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Word Order of Negative Sentences
◦ The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the
Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't.
* Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO
before the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
◦ Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins
with TO. For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Subject don't/doesn't Verb*
The Rest of the
sentence
I / you / we / they don't have / buy
eat / like etc.
cereal for breakfast
he / she / it doesn't

9. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:
◦ You don't speak Arabic.
◦ John doesn't speak Italian.
◦ We don't have time for a rest.
◦ It doesn't move.
◦ They don't want to go to the party.
◦ She doesn't like fish.

10. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Questions in the Simple Present Tense
◦ To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish
though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of
the question.
Affirmative: You speak English.
Question: Do you speak English?
◦ You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a
question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.
Affirmative: He speaks French.
Question: Does he speak French?

11. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
◦ When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the
affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the
affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will
see the reason why below.
◦ We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can,
must, might, should etc.)
Word Order of Questions with Do and Does
The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.
Do/Does Subject Verb*
The Rest of the
sentence
Do I / you / we / they have / need
want etc.
a new bike?
Does he / she / it

12. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb.
Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.
◦ Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO. For
example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.
Examples of Questions with Do and Does:
Do you need a dictionary?
Does Mary need a dictionary?
Do we have a meeting now?
Does it rain a lot in winter?
Do they want to go to the party?
Does he like pizza?

13. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
◦ Short Answers with Do and Does
◦ In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows:
◦ However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the
question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question.
Sample Questions
Short Answer
(Affirmative)
Short Answer
(Negative)
Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate? Yes, we do. No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.

14. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Uses of the simple present:
Repeated actions
◦ The present simple tense is very often used with adverbs of repeated time. Look at these examples (the adverbs
are shown in bold):
I always come to school by car.
She frequently arrives here before me.
He never forgets to do his homework.
I often catch the late bus home.
I play football on Saturdays.
Once a year I fly back to visit my family in Korea.
The classrooms are cleaned every evening after school.
She sometimes loses her temper, but it doesn't happen very often.
Do you ever eat in the cafeteria?
Does your father speak English every day?

15. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Simple statements of fact
◦ When we want to state a fact or ask a question without any time reference, we use the present
simple tense.
• I live in Frankfurt.
• She plays football but she doesn't play tennis.
• For breakfast he eats rice and drinks cold milk.
• She works very hard.
• My friend speaks four languages.
• It rains a lot in Germany.
• I don't like horror films!
• Do you smoke?
• Does your sister have any children?
• How much does it cost to buy an apartment in Frankfurt?

16. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
World truths
◦ Statements about rules of nature and the way the world is are in the present simple tense.
• The sun sets in the West.
• Most babies learn to speak when they are about two years old.
• Water boils at 100° Celsius.
• Trees lose their leaves in the fall.
• Few people live to be 100 years old.
• Wood floats on water.
• Does it snow in the Sahara desert?
• Do elephants live longer than humans?
• Money doesn't guarantee happiness.
• Flowers don't grow in the winter.

17. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
Verbs of the senses and mental processes
The present simple tense is used for many verbs of thinking, feeling and sensing. The most common words are:
like love prefer know understand
hate need want believe remember
see hear taste smell look
• She likes it in Germany.
• I love lying in bed late on Sunday mornings.
• I need to know right now.
• She says she doesn't know who did it, but I don't believe her.
• He doesn't want to speak to you again.
• This doesn't taste very good, does it?
• Do you remember the first time we met?
• Do you smell something funny?
• Does he understand which way to go?

18. THE SIMPLE PRESENT
To refer to the future
◦ The present simple is often used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and
outside of our control).
• Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.
• I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York
• at midnight the next day.
• She has a piano lesson after school today.
• There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes.
• When does the meeting begin?