3. Acknowledgement
I , would like to express my special thanks to my
teacher and our school who gave me a golden
opportunity to do this History project which helped
me to gather lots of information and enhance my
historical knowledge. Secondly I would like to thank
my parents who guided me and helped me in doing
this project within the given time frame.
4. Sr.no Date Topic Remarks Sign
1. 1/5/20 Introduction
2. 1/5/20 Causes of industrial
revolution
3. 1/5/20 Inventions and
innovations during
Industrial revolution
4. 1/5/20 Developments
5. 1/5/20 Impacts of Industrial
Revolution
6. 1/5/20 Bibliography
7. 1/5/20 Conclusion
5. Topic
Make a pictorial presentation of
inventions & innovations as a
result of the Industrial
revolution.
6. Introduction
• The Industrial Revolution, now also known as
the First Industrial Revolution, was the transition
to new manufacturing processes in Europe and
the United States, in the period from about 1760
to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This
transition included going from hand production
methods to machines, new chemical
manufacturing and iron production processes,
the increasing use of steam power and water
power, the development of machine tools and the
rise of the mechanized factory system. The
Industrial Revolution also led to an
unprecedented rise in the rate of population
growth.
• The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain,
and many of the technological innovations were
of British origin. The Industrial Revolution marks
a major turning point in history; almost every
aspect of daily life was influenced in some way.
7. Why Industrial Revolution Started in England -
CAUSES
Capital for investing
in the means of
production
Colonies and
Markets for
manufactured goods
Raw materials for
production
Workers
Merchant marine
Geography
Industrial
Revolution
8. Causes of Industrial Revolution
Historians have identified several causes for the Industrial Revolution, including:
Capital for investing in the means of production , Colonies and Markets for
manufactured goods, Raw materials for production ,Workers ,Merchant, Marine,
Geography.
England’s Resources: Capital
• The Commercial Revolution made many English merchants very wealthy
• These merchants had the capital to invest in the factory system – money to buy
buildings, machinery, and raw materials
England’s Resources: Colonies and Markets
• Wealth from the Commercial Revolution spread beyond the merchant class
• England had more colonies than any other nation
9. • Its colonies gave England access to enormous markets and vast amounts of raw
materials
• Colonies had rich textile industries for centuries
• Many of the natural cloths popular today, such as calico and gingham, were
originally created in India
• China had a silk industry
England’s Resources: Raw Materials
• England itself possessed the necessary raw materials to create the means of
production
• Coal – vast coal reserves powered steam engines
• Iron – basic building block of large machines, railroad tracks, trains, and ships
England’s Resources: Workers
• Serfdom and guilds ended earlier in England than other countries
• English people could freely travel from the countryside to the cities
• Enclosure Acts – caused many small farmers to lose their lands, and these
former farmers increased the labor supply
10. England’s Resources: Merchant Marine
• World’s largest merchant fleet
• Merchant marine built up from the Commercial Revolution
• Vast numbers of ships could bring raw materials and finished goods to
and from England’s colonies and possessions, as well as to and from
other countries
England’s Resources: Geography
• England is the political center of Great Britain, an island
• Great Britain (as the entire island was called beginning in 1707) did not
suffer fighting on its land during the wars of the 18th century
• Island has excellent harbors and ports
• Damp climate benefited the textile industry (thread did not dry out)
• Stable government
• No internal trade barriers
11. Inventions and Innovations – Industrial
Revolution
The driving force behind the Industrial Revolution was the inventions and
innovations which continuously fuelled the event by providing better and
better means to increase productivity, develop new processes and enhance
distribution Some of the inventions and innovations as a result of
industrial revolution are:
1. Flying shuttle
2. The Spinning Jenny
3. Cotton Gin
4. Steam Engine
5. Water frame
12. 1. Flying Shuttle : -
• A significant invention of the Industrial Revolution was
the flying shuttle, which was invented by John Kay in
1733. John Kay was an English inventor and is
remembered today for inventing the flying shuttle along
with other devices important to the textile industry in
England. In 1733, he developed a wheel shuttle, later
known as a flying shuttle.
• The flying shuttle was used with the traditional
handloom and helped improve weaving efficiency and
reduced labor needs because it could be operated with
only one operator. Weaving was the process of creating
cloth out of many different strands of thread.
• One of the main industries that benefitted from the
Industrial Revolution was the textile industry. The
textile industry was based on the development of cloth
and clothing. There were many prominent inventions
for the textile industry created during the Industrial
Revolution, of which the flying shuttle was one.
13. 2. The Spinning Jenny: -
• The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame, and
was one of the key developments in
the industrialization of weaving during the
early Industrial Revolution. It was invented in 1764
by James Hargreaves in Stanhill ,
Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire in England. The Spinning Jenny
was another example of great inventions of the Industrial
Revolution.
• The spinning jenny was a machine that used a large wheel
to spin many spindles of thread at once. The invention
increased the production ability of textile manufactures
and was particularly important for cotton. The Spinning
Jenny was groundbreaking during its time and one that
would help change the world forever. It allowed workers
to spin more wool at any one time
• It has long been credited as the main driver for the
development of a modern factory system. By the time of
Hargreaves's death in 1778, there were
around 20,000 Spinning Jennys across the UK.
14. 3. The Cotton Gin :-
• A significant invention of the Industrial
Revolution was the cotton gin, which was
invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. Eli Whitney was
an American inventor and is remembered today
for inventing the cotton gin, which was an
important development to the textile industry
• With the seeds and fibers separated more
efficiently it became much easier for farmers to
use the fibres to make cotton goods like linen.
They could also simultaneously separate seeds
for more crop growth or the production of
cottonseed oil.
• The cotton gin led to several main
innovations. First, the machine helped to boost
productivity and increased cotton usage. Second,
the cotton gin helped to increase production of
cotton in the United States, and made cotton into
a profitable crop. Third, the machine helped to
strengthen the United States' economy and laid
the foundations for the slave trade.
Eli Whitney The Cotton gin
15. 4. Steam Engine: –
• The steam engine was one of the most important
inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Steam
engines were used in all sorts of applications
including factories, mines, locomotives, and
steamboats.
• The first useful steam engine was invented by
Thomas Newcomen in 1712. The Newcomen
engine was used to pump water out of mines.
• Steam engines use hot steam from boiling water
to drive a piston (or pistons) back and forth. The
movement of the piston was then used
to power a machine or turn a wheel. To create
the steam, most steam engines heated the water
by burning coal.
• The steam engine helped to power the Industrial
Revolution. Steam power allowed for factories to
be located anywhere. It also provided reliable
power and could be used to power large
machines.
16. 5. Water Frame: -
• A significant invention of the Industrial
Revolution was the water frame, which was
invented by Richard Arkwright in 1769.
• Richard Arkwright developed a spinning
machine, called a water frame, which could
produce strong yarn. The machine replaced the
need for manual labor and enabled the
production of inexpensive spun cotton by using
the moving force of a creek or river that spun a
shaft.
• The machine was important at the time because
cotton was used for clothing and other everyday
items. Water frame essentially mechanized all
of the process of spinning the yarn and required
very little human labor. Arkwright’s design
proved significant to the textile industry in
England and was replicated all over the
country. As the Industrial Revolution
progressed, Arkwright’s water frame was used
in countless number of factories .
17. Developments
• Mass production of goods
• Increased numbers of goods
• Increased diversity of goods produced
• Development of factory system of production
• Rural-to-urban migration
• People left farms to work in cities
• Development of capitalism
• Financial capital for continued industrial growth
• Development and growth of new socio-economic classes
• Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class
• Commitment to research and development
• Investments in new technologies
• Industrial and governmental interest in promoting invention, the sciences,
and overall industrial growth
18. Impact of Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in human history and had a profound effect on
many nations throughout the world. While the Industrial Revolution first began in Britain in the 18th century,
and took place throughout the centuries that followed, its impacts can still be seen in our lives today. For
example, the Industrial Revolution led to many of the following: the growth of socialist movements and labor
movements, feminist movements, urbanization, and our modern consumer society.
19. Some of the Causes of Industrial Revolution are:
1 . Working Conditions:
• As a result Industrial Revolution , the working conditions had became
horrible. For example, child labor was a common feature of the
Industrial Revolution . Children were forced to work in Dangerous and
monotonous industries for long hours without any government
protection.
20. 2. Labour Unions :
• Another feature of the Industrial Revolution that
has left an impact on the world was the
emergence and growth of labor unions. A labor
union is a group of people within a particular
job or industry that join together to fight for
improved working conditions.
• During the time period of the Industrial
Revolution, working-class people were often
exploited by wealthy owners. there were very
few government regulations in place to protect
workers. Out of this emerged different socialist
movements that focused on improving the lives
and conditions for industrial workers. At the
same time, the idea of labor unions became
popular across industrial societies.
• Workers formed and used unions in order to
protest for a variety of things, including: shorter
hours of work, higher rates of pay, safe working
conditions, basic education and healthcare.
21. 3. Urbanization :
• Another impact of the Industrial Revolution was its
contribution to urbanization. The Industrial Revolution
first began in Britain in the 18th century due in part to
an increase in food production, which was the key
outcome of the Agricultural Revolution.
• As such, the Agricultural Revolution is considered to
have begun in the 17th century and continued
throughout the centuries that followed, alongside the
Industrial Revolution. Through different measures, such
as the Enclosure Movement, many farmers and their
families were forced from their land and moved to more
populated centers in search of work. As a result,
industrial cities and towns grew dramatically due to the
migration of farmers and their families who were looking
for work in the newly developed factories and mines.
• For example, in 1750 nearly 80% of the population in
Britain lived on farms, but by 1850 that number was cut
to just 50%. Along with the mass migration of people,
Britain also experienced a rather large population boom
in the early years of the Industrial Revolution.
23. Conclusion
The Industrial revolution impacts us even today because we still use many things
conceived during industrial revolution. There were many crucial inventions and
innovations during industrial revolution such as antibiotics, steam engine, water
frame etc. These inventions have influenced our community by giving us a form of
faster production and transportation.
In present we drive cars , ride in airplanes, use turbines to produce electricity, and
even transport materials in ships. If steam boats and steam engine were not been
created ,may be we would not have these things and forms of transportation in
present day.
In conclusion, the industrial revolution did cause many bad things , but it lead to
wonderful inventions which still exist and are very useful.
24. Bibliography
1. Introduction - en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Industrial_Revolution
2. Causes of Industrial Revolution –
https://www.lcboe.net/userfiles/141/Classes/2448/industrial%20revolutio
n%20%20ppt%20slides%20with%20q's.pdf?id=538980
3. Inventions and Innovations during Industrial Revolution
https://www.historyhit.com/key-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution/
4. Devolopments -
https://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/Industri
alRevolution/IREffects.html
5. Impact of Industrial revolution -
https://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/Industri
alRevolution/IREffects.html
