The document discusses popular culture and provides definitions and context. It defines popular culture as the cultural activities and practices that are widely enjoyed by the general public, as opposed to high culture which is associated with elite social groups. Popular culture is influenced by mass media and reflects the ideas, images and perspectives of society. It discusses how popular culture is determined by what attracts widespread interest and allows people to feel part of a group. The document also examines types of popular culture analysis including production, textual, audience and historical analysis. It provides the Indian context of popular culture and discusses how cinema has influenced popular culture in India by reflecting local societies and cultures.

1. Popular Culture
Name:- Dhruvita Dhameliya
Roll no:- 03
Enrollment number:-4069206420210006
Subject: Cultural Studies
Paper no:- 205
Topic:- Popular Culture
Submitted to:- S. B.Gardi Department of English , MKBU
Analysis Social DIFFERENT
REALITY ENGLISH listening
Playing expressing explore
Literature
Social media. Racism History
Contemporary local
Model Old Culture. Indian Feminism Ecology
Physical
MODERNITY. Life CULTURE. Movement study
Narrative
THEORY SCIENCE News
Deconstruction Derrida gender LGBTQ Mental
HISTORY WORLD.
American Sports
New Universal CONTEMPORARY ART ARTICLE
Others
Post colonialism
Queer theory Social
Media
Century
LANGUAGE
Law Music politics
LITERATURE
ART MEDIA
Economy
Latin

2. What is Culture?
According to Cambridge Dictionary, The way of life, especially
the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people
at a particular time: For example,
She's studying modern Japanese language and culture.
This is one of the most ancient cultures in the world.
According to Britannica , What has been termed the classic
definition of culture was provided by the 19th-century English
anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor in the first paragraph of his
Primitive Culture,
Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge,
belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
2

3. What is Cultural Studies ?
3
In book of Cultural studies As Patrick Brantlinger has pointed out, cultural studies is not "a tightly
coherent, unified movement with a fixed agenda," but a "loosely coherent group of tendencies, issues,
and questions".
Arising from the social turmoil of the 1960s, cultural studies is composed of elements of Marxism,
poststructuralism and postmodernism, feminism, gender studies, anthropology, sociology, race and
ethnic studies, film theory, urban studies, public policy, popular cul ture studies, and postcolonial
studies: those fields that concentrate on social and cultural forces that either create community or
cause division and alienation.
For example, drawing from Roland Barthes on the nature of literary language and Claude
Lévi-Strauss on anthropology, cultural studies was influenced by structuralism and
poststructuralism. Jacques Derrida's "deconstruction" of the world/text distinction, like all his
deconstructions of hierarchical oppositions, has urged-or enabled-cultural critics "to erase the
boundaries between high and low culture, classic and popular literary texts, and literature and other
cultural discourses that, following Derrida, may be seen as manifestations of the same textuality."(

4. What is Popular Culture?
Who made Culture?
4
According to Poonam Yadav,
Popular culture is the growth of cultural activities such as music, art, literature, fashion, dance, films,
television and radio that are practiced by the people of society. In other words it is the ideas,
perspectives, attitudes, images of the existing society. Popular culture is everywhere. People have
become more aware with the popular culture and they understand the culture when they come to the
Internet, listen to music, watch television, app-gaming or go to a movie, concert or stage show
Culture was influenced by mass media which permeates the lives of the society. It has a way of
influencing an individual's attitudes towards certain topics. It is often viewed as being unimportant in
order to find consensual acceptance throughout the mainstream. As a result, it comes under heavy
criticism from various religious and countercultural groups who believe it superficial, consumerist,
sensationalist, and/or corrupt.

5. Definition
In the article of Jamila Aliyu MOHAMMED
The term popular culture according to Oliver can be referred as “those things
that we all share in common, through the mass media exposure especially the
internet and the television”.
According to Brummett ,
“popular culture involves the aspects of social life most actively involved in by the
public. As the culture of the people”
The cultural study is an interdisciplinary field of study that involves understanding culture
through artistic and textual products like music, films, or books. It also involves critical theory
in India. It is concerned with the role of social organizations in the shaping of the future.
Cultural studies combine study in different departments such as anthropology, sociology, art
criticism, historiography, literary criticism, and philosophy.
5

6. How Popular Culture Determine ?
If one regards culture as a way of defining oneself, it therefore needs to attract people’s interest and
persuade them to invest a part of themselves in culture. People like to feel a part of a group and to
understand their identity within that group. The scenario works well in small communities where
people feel needed and special in their small world. Mass culture, however, lets people define
themselves in relation to everybody else in mass society at the level of a city, of a country or of a
planet.
In a sense, as Dahlgren puts it, it “makes the ball park a lot bigger and individuals have to fight harder
to find and keep their identity”. Dahlgren Popular culture finds its expression in the mass circulation of
items from areas such as fashion, music, sport and film.
Today, Popular culture is something established by niche users. Commercial products such as music
are considered popular even when the audience is tiny, in comparison to such pop icons as Britney
Spears and Michael Jackson. The presence of social media means consumers can speak directly to
producers—and are producers themselves, turning the concept of pop culture on its head. It is what a lot
of people like.
6

7. Mass Media
According to Ashish Basnet
"An overoptimistic or depoliticized view of the
consumption of media forms under capitalist
conditions"
7

8. Mass Media
“First, it must reach many people. Second, it requires the use of some technological
device, located between source and destination” Zhen Liu
-Pre-agricultural societies, most people lived in small groups as hunters and gatherers.
- Agricultural societies are more settled and more complex than preagricultural societies, so
people created written language for easier and wider communication. The primary medium
in agricultural societies was hand-copied books. First, the handwritten books were too
expensive to reach the masses. Second, the ruling class was reluctant to see the
enlightenment of the masses through reading. Therefore hand-copied books failed to meet
both of the above requirements of mass media.
-Then came the industrial societies when mass media appeared and flourished.
8

9. Types of Mass Media
9

10. Four Main Types of Popular Culture
10
Production Analysis-
Who owns the media? ,Who Creates text and why?,
Textual Analysis-
Examine how specific works of popular culture create meanings.
Audience Analysis-
How different groups of popular culture consumers, or users make similar of
different meaning of the same text.
Historical Analysis-
Investigates how these other three dimensions change over time.

11. A picture is worth a thousand words
Matthew Arnold, a cultural theorist in Britain, argued that by consuming media products,
people could become refined or cultured. Arnold’s argument is the idea that the function of
media is to educate. But, he failed to realize another important function of media, that is, to
entertain, for, to Arnold, media only referred to the high culture media from Western Europe,
such as painting, ballet, opera and the symphony. In the twentieth century mass media
reached deeper into society and made mass audiences alienated and isolated from their
cultural roots.
11

12. Popular culture - Contemporary time
12
India presents us with the exclusive site in terms of the dynamics of popular culture. Indian
society is mixed and multilingual and this makes difficult every aspect of daily life and culture.
Dharwadker has stated that, India has 125 major languages which belong to four different
language families, they are written in dozen script systems. 1961 Census data shows that 3000
speech varieties are used in India on a daily basis. The amount of talks makes many types of
high and popular culture to a great degree troublesome.
The culture of the elite members of society was the only 'true culture' or the 'standard culture'.
Hence, academic studies were relegated only to look at 'great works of art' or 'classical authors'
which framed the standards of judgment and ideas of taste. Thus, the very term 'culture' came
to be associated with a smaller section of the population and their tastes. This resulted in
legitimizing certain artifacts as 'culture' and others as inferior. For eg.- the paintings of M.F
.Hussain, the writings of Tagore or Shakespeare, the films of Satyajit Ray or Adoor
Gopalakrishanan acqired an aura of respectability as 'culture' where as the novels of Sidney
Sheldon or Chetan Bhagat, the films of Jayaraj or Kamal were relegated to the realm of
'Popular culture'

13. Popular Culture in Indian Context
Now the entire scenario has changed widely and a change
of focus came about in cultural analysis. Due importance
has now been given to the culture of the everyday life of
the large number of people. The artifacts, which were
designed to hold inferior position now, gained significance
in the realm of cultural studies. Under these
circumstances the cultural meaning of the films which
hold a true mirror to mass culture have begun to be read
from the scaffold of the cultural studies.
Cricket is played all over the country, from North to
South, from the villages to the metropolis; movies are
watched all around the subcontinent as well. In the case
of movies, they have been influenced by local societies
and their culture and they have been adapted to a certain
taste for traditional and indigenous arts such as dance,
drama and music. 13

14. INDIAN Cinema
14

15. Conclusion
15

16. Conclusion
There are many different definitions of culture as offered by sociologists, philosophers,
cultural historians, anthropologists etc. They all try to encapsulate the different aspects of
culture and how it impinges on our lives. Culture is something that is not transmitted through
our genes but through symbols that are learned in the process of socialization. All culture is
learned, but not everything learned is culture. Different communities or societies have
different sets of values. Sometimes, theses differences may lead to conflicts. The symbols of
culture in themselves do not mean anything unless they are invested with significance by
human beings. It is also possible for a sub-culture to exist within a community when certain
groups within the larger community evolve their sub set of rules and symbols. Politics,
economics, ethics, religion etc are all factors that influence and are in turn, influenced by
culture. Culture has been categorized into various categories like high, low, popular and folk.
The categorization is based on the type, origin and nature of artistic or literary work and its
appeal to various sections of society.
16

17. 17
Works Cited
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“Global social media statistics research summary 2022 [June 2022].” Smart Insights,
https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/new-global-social-media-research/. Accessed 7
October 2022.
Kalita, Sanjib. “Discuss the effects of cinema on popular culture. Use examples to prove your point.” Discuss the effects of cinema
on popular culture. Use examples to prove your point., vol. 7, December,2016, p. 5. Academia.edu,
https://www.academia.edu/45197580/Discuss_the_effects_of_cinema_on_popular_culture_Use_examples_to_prove_your_p
oint. Accessed Friday October 2022.

18. 18
Labor, Earle, et al. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. Oxford University Press, 2011. Accessed 6 October 2022.
Liu, Zhen. “Relationship Between Mass Media and Mass Culture: Frankfurt School and Cultural Studies School.” Relationship
Between Mass Media and Mass Culture: Frankfurt School and Cultural Studies School, vol. 12, 26 January 2016. Core,
https://core.ac.uk/display/236295134?utm_source=pdf&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=pdf-decoration-v1.
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Mohammed, Jamila Aliyu. “CULTURE AND SOCIETY: POPULAR CULTURE IN A CHANGING WORLD.” CULTURE AND
SOCIETY: POPULAR CULTURE IN A CHANGING WORLD, June 2021. Research Gate,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352479101_CULTURE_AND_SOCIETY_POPULAR_CULTURE_IN_A_CHANGI
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19. THANK YOU