2. Why would we want to live on other
worlds?
Population growth
Survive asteroid impacts
Develop many technologies and systems
Develop a global view of earth
For the challenge and adventure!
Why not?
3. BUT WHY MARS?
CLOSE TO EARTH
WARM AND LIGHT
LENGTH OF THE DAY
HAS SEASONS LIKE EARTH
RESOURCES –ATMOSPHERE,WATER AND METALS
4. INTRODUCTION
The possibility of life on Mars is a subject of significant interest to astrobiology
due to the planet's proximity and similarities to Earth. To date no proof has been
found of past or present life on Mars. However, cumulative evidence is now
building that the ancient surface environment of Mars had liquid water and may
have been habitable for microorganisms. The existence of habitable conditions
does not necessarily indicate the presence of life.
Scientific searches for evidence of life began in the 19th century, and they
continue today via telescopic investigations and landed missions.
5.
6. MARS IN COMPARISON TO EARTH
Climate
It has the largest dust storm in the solar system. Also it has seasons like earth like
among all planet in the solar system. Mars temperature in winter is about -870c and
in summer it is about -50c.
Speed
Mars rotates at a speed of 14.5 miles per second those of earth is 18.5 mlies per
second.
Length of the day
Length of the day on mars is mostly 24 hrs and earth has 23 hrs 56 mintes 4.1
seconds.
7. POSSIBILITES
LIQUID WATER
Liquid water, necessary for life as we know it, cannot exist on the surface of Mars
except at the lowest elevations for minutes or hours. Liquid water does not
appear at the surface itself, but it could form in minuscule amounts around dust
particles in snow heated by the Sun.
ATMOSPHERE
Consists of 95% of carbon dioxide, 3% of nitrogen, 1.6% of argon and trace of
water and oxygen.
8. NASA plan to SEND LIFE to
Mars to create oxygen before
human colonisation
Plan to send microscopic
organisms
In order to see if they can
produce oxygen and
therefore pave the way for
humans to one day colonise
Mars. The experiment follows
successful laboratory tests on
algae and bacteria and how
they react with soil from
Mars.NASA experimented in a
specially-created "dummy
Mars" to see if astronauts
would be able to use
microorganisms from Earth
together with the surface of
Mars to create life-sustaining
oxygen.
9. NASA proposes a magnetic shield to
protect Mars' atmosphere
The current scientific consensus is that, like Earth, Mars
once had a magnetic field that protected its atmosphere.
Roughly 4.2 billion years ago, this planet's magnetic field
suddenly disappeared, which caused Mars' atmosphere to
slowly be lost to space. This is due to solar winds on mars.
Over the course of the next 500 million years, mars went
from being a warmer, wetter environment to the cold,
uninhabitable place we know today.
10. In the future it is quite
possible that an inflatable
structure(s) can generate a
magnetic dipole field at a
level of perhaps 1 or 2 Tesla
(or 10,000 to 20,000 Gauss)
as an active shield against
the solar wind.“
A dipole field positioned at
Mars L1 Lagrange Point
would be able to counteract
solar wind, such that Mars'
atmosphere would achieve a
new balance. At present,
atmospheric loss on Mars is
balanced to some degree by
volcanic outpassing from
Mars interior and crust.
11. At one time, Mars had a magnetic field similar to Earth, which prevented its atmosphere from being stripped
away.
12. Colonization
Colonization of Mars will
require a wide variety of
equipment—both
equipment to directly
provide services to
humans and producion
equipment used to
produce food, propellant,
water, energy and
breathable oxygen—in
order to support human
colonization efforts.
13. Equipment needed for colonization
COLONIZATION
Storage
facilities
Resource
extraction
equipment's
Energy and
storage
Food
production
equipment's
Fuels
3D printers
14. FUTURE VISION
A greatly enhanced Martian atmosphere, in both pressure and temperature, that
would be enough to allow significant surface liquid water would also have a number
of benefits for science and human exploration in the 2040s and beyond. Much like
Earth an enhanced atmosphere would:
allow larger landed mass of equipment to the surface.
shield against most cosmic and solar particle radiation.
extend the ability for oxygen extraction, and provide “open air” greenhouses to exist
for plant production.
These new conditions on Mars would allow human explorers and researchers to study
the planet in much greater detail and enable a truly profound understanding of the
habitability of this planet. If this can be achieved in a lifetime, the colonization of Mars
would not be far away.
15. EXPECTED RESULT
It has been determined that an average change in the temperature of Mars of about 40 C
will provide
enough temperature to melt the CO2 over the northern polar cap.
The resulting enhancement in the atmosphere of this CO2,
a greenhouse gas, will begin,
the process of melting the water that is trapped in the northern polar cap of Mars.
It has been estimated that nearly 1/7th of the ancient ocean of Mars is trapped in the frozen
polar cap.
Mars may once again become a more Earth-like habitable environment as shown in Figure.
The results of these simulations will be reviewed and a projection of how long it may take
for Mars to become an exciting new planet to study and to live on.
A future Mars protected from the direct solar wind should come to
a new equilibrium allowing an extensive atmosphere to support
liquid water on its surface.
16. The search for life on Mars may be our first chance to discover
a second example of life and to investigate the biochemical properties of
that life. This possibility is of fundamental importance from both a
philosophical and science point of view. Determining where to look and
how to search for evidence of a second genesis on Mars is therefore a key
task for astrobiology in the next decade.
