Global warming

1. By : Dr .Shikha
Final yr. P.G.T. (Community Medicine Deptt.),
Katihar Medical College,Katihar.

2.  What is Global Warming?
 Causes of Global Warming & Greenhouse Effect.
 Who is the culprit?
 What are effects of Global warming ?
 What are the steps taken for combating Global
Warming
 What should be our role in stopping the rising
temperature of the earth ?

3. INTRODUCTION
 Global warming – A public health problem as
well as economic burden throughout the
world.
 It affects the overall social and environmental
determinants of health i.e clean air , safe water ,
sufficient food , secured shelter.

4.  Global warming is expected to cause approx.
additional 2.5 lac deaths per year between
2030- 2050 :
- 38,000 due to Heat exposure in elderly.
- 48,000 due to Diarrhoea.
- 60,000 due to Malaria.
- 95,000 due to childhood under nutrition.
 Economic loss due to this estimated to be
US $ 2-4 Billion / Year by 2030.

5. Who is the culprit ?
On 27th September , 2013 - According to
Inter governmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC)
Human Activities
HUMAN ACTIVITIES

6. What is Global warming ?
 Gradual heating of Earth’s surface , ocean and
atmosphere and increase in average temperature
due to increasing green house effect.
 It should not be confused with Climatic change.
 Earth’s average temperature - 15 °C ( risen by
0.8°C in last century .)
 The temperature is expected to rise another
1.2°– 6.4 °C over the next 100 years.
 Started in late 19th Century and projected to
keep going up.

7. History of Global Warming

8. 1824 : J.B Joseph Fourier discovered that
temperature of earth is slowly increasing
and called it ‘Green House Effect’.
1880 : Scientists associated relation between
Human activities and Rise of CO2 level in
air.
1896 : Arrhenius , A Swedish scientist , claimed
that fossil fuels combustion result in rise
of Co2 level and global warming .
1995 : IPCC stated
Global Warming is due to enhanced Green
House effect in Atmosphere

9. The Greenhouse effect is the process by
which radiation from a planet's
atmosphere warms the planet's surface to
a temperature suitable for survival due
to presence of certain gases in the
atmosphere.

10. LAYERS OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

12. GREENHOUSE EFFECT

13. Without greenhouse gases : The average
temperature of the Earth’s surface would be
about - 18° C .

15. GREENHOUSE GASES

16. Sources of Greenhouse gases :
 Natural source - Animal and plant respiration.
 Human Activities : Use of fossil fuels
Industrial production
Deforestation
Electricity
Use of synthetic Fertilizer

18.  Co2 emission - By burning of fossil fuel used in
various vehicles, machinery ,
electricity production etc.
 Methane emission - By burning fossil fuel,
Livestock and Rice farming
 NO2 emission – use of synthetic fertilizers for
agriculture, Fossil fuel .
 Chlorofluorocarbon - Used in Refrigerators and
aerosol propellants.

20. Deforestation :
 Burning of cut trees emits CO2.
 Reduced uptake of CO2 as number of trees is
reduced.
 Increased rate of decomposition of cut forest
and soil disturbance cause increased emission
of CO2.
 Deforestation increases soil erosion and
‘Nutrient Leaching’

22. 1. Acid rain :
Destruction of food Crops.
- Desertification .
- Erosion of soil.
- Acidification of water
- bodies.
- Destruction of aquatic life
- Destruction of Monuments

24. 2.Shift in Hydrological cycle :
- Increased risk of Flood
- Increased risk of Drought.
- Reduction in productivity
of lands
- Increased incidences of
- malnutrition

25. 3. Effect on glaciers :

26.  Melting of Polar ice caps.
 Retreat of Glaciers.
 Rise of Sea levels - Risen by 21 cm since 1880.
 Threat to life of coastal population.
 Increased water borne diseases.

27. 4. Effects of Ecological disturbances :
 Increased frequency of Natural disasters i.e
Rainstorm , Hurricanes, Cyclones, Floods etc.
Every 1°C increase in sea surface temperature
results in a 31% increase in global frequency
of storm and cyclones.
 Alteration in Vector ecology .
 Economic Loss.

28. 5. Hazards of Air pollution :
 Respiratory diseases i.e Allergic, Infectious ,
Carcinoma.
 Decreased Vital
Capacity of Lungs.
 Heat stroke .
 Increased Smog
formation.

29. 6. Ozone depletion :
 Ozone layer is present in the
lower region of Stratosphere
20- 30 km above the surface
of the earth.
 Average thickness =
about 3-5mm (0.3 PPM) .
 Ozone layer has a capacity to absorb almost
97-99% of U.V radiations.
 Every 1% decrease in ozone layer = 2- 5%
increase in occurance of skin cancer.

31. Causes of ozone layer depletion :
 Human activities produce chemicals containing
chlorine/bromine (Ozone depleting substances)
 Deplete the ozone layer at super sonic speed
by simply stripping off an atom from ozone
molecule

32. OZONE HOLE
A part of the ozone layer that has become depleted
by atmospheric pollution, resulting in excess
ultraviolet radiation passing through the
atmosphere.
 e.g – A large area of the ozone layer over Antarctica
that annually becomes depleted of ozone by the
action of chlorofluorocarbons and other pollutants.

33. OZONE HOLE
 Each spring in the stratosphere over Antarctica ,
atmospheric ozone is rapidly destroyed by
chemical processes.
 As winter arrives, a vortex of winds develops
around the pole and isolates the polar
stratosphere.
 When temperatures drop below -78°C (-109°F),
thin clouds form of ice, nitric acid, and sulphuric
acid mixtures.
Ozone depletion begins, and the ozone “hole”
appears

34. Hazards of Ozone depletion :
1.Skin cancer ,Cataract ,Sun Burn ,weakening of
immune system, acceleration of aging.
2.Reduced cultivation of some crops i.e wheat ,
rice , corn , broccoli etc.
3. Reduction in Plankton
Disturbed Marine life

36. Indicators of Global Warming

37. Contributors of Global Warming
china
29.5%
U.S.A
14.34%
U.K
9.8%
India
6.8%
others
40%
Total World Carbon emission
(EDGAR Report 2016)

43. Government actions against Global
Warming

45. WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2017
 Theme : “Connecting People to Nature”
 Started being celebrated by United Nations since
1974 to create awareness and taking actions on
urgent issues from Marine pollution and Global
Warming.
 This year’s theme – To go outdoor and into nature,
to appreciate its beauty and importance in our
lives .

46. Theme for World Health Day 2008

47.  Formed in 1988.
 To stabilize Greenhouse gaseous concentration
in the atmosphere at a level that prevent
dangerous climatic changes.

48.  International treaty / Agreement adopted in
Kyoto , Japan on 11th December , 1997(active
since 16th February 2005.
 Supported by 141 Nations , but boycotted by
U.S.A.
 Sets target for industrialized countries to cut
down their GHG emissions to at least 5.2%
below that of 1990 by 2010 and those
countries , who fail to do so , will have to pay
penalty.

49. (15th Session of the Conference of Parties)
United Nation Climate change Conference
(UNCCC) 2009
OR
“Copenhagen Summit”

50.  Held at Bella Centre in Copenhagen, Denmark
from 7th December to 18th December 2009 .
 It was to ensure that
a )Rich nations reduce their Greenhouse gas
emission.
b )Provide finance and technology to the poor
nations.

51.  A voluntary agreement at COP15 among 118
nations.
 started on November 4 ,2016 to combat Global
warming.
Each country agreed to take measures to
reduce Global warming with the goal of
keeping the Post industrial global temperature
rise below 2°C.

52.  India has agreed to reduce 40% fossil fuel
consumption by 2030.
 According to National electricity plan , 2016
India will generate 57% power through
safe energy i.e Nuclear, Hydro , wind etc

53.  the emissions intensity of India’s GDP
reduced by 12% between 2005 and 2010.
 In October 2015 - India made a
commitment to reduce the emissions
intensity of its GDP from 2005 levels
- 20-25% by 2020
- 33-35% by 2030.
 India formally signed Paris agreement on
2nd October 2016.

54. ON 02.06.2017
On 02 .06 . 2017

56. Implementation of Paris agreement is
essential for achieving SDG goal 13

57. TARGETS :
 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-
related hazards and natural disasters in all countries.
 Integrate climate change measures into national
policies, strategies and planning.
 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and
institutional capacity.
 Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-
country parties to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilising
jointly USD 100 billion annually by 2020 to address the
needs of developing countries and fully operationalise
the Green Climate Fund as soon as possible

58.  Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for
effective climate change-related planning and
management ( least developed countries and
developing states, including focusing on women,
youth and local and marginalised communities.)
 United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change - Primary international,
intergovernmental forum for negotiating the
global response to climate change.

59. According to NASA :
 Current CO2 levels are at 410 parts per million .
 The global temperature has risen 7.8° since
1880 .
 The global Arctic ice minimum (the extent of
sea ice in warm months)is decreasing by
13.3 % each decade.
 Land ice is decreasing by 258 Billion tons each
year.
 Due to melting ice , the sea level has risen by
0.12 inches per year.

61. Containment measures :
1.Encourage Greeneries.
2.Avoid using fossil fuel consuming vehicles,
use Bicycle/public transport for conveyance .
3.Use solar power plants.
4.Obtain power supply from Wind mills.
5.Use solar lanterns.
6.Ban the plastic bags.
7.Avoid misuse of electricity.
8.Use emails in place of paper as much as
possible.

64. REFERENCES :
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4. Michael Jorgensen, 22 Jun 2004, post
at: www.freenewmexican.com/news/981.html
5. “Kyoto count-up!”, August 22, 2005, at:
www.junkscience.com/MSU_Temps/Kyoto_Count_Up.htm
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