Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automotive Applications with Non-Critical Convenience Features
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This webinar discusses combining safety-critical automotive applications with non-critical convenience features on a single module or system-on-chip (SoC). It addresses challenges from increasing vehicle complexity and solutions such as consolidating electronic control units (ECUs) and using complex SoCs. Examples of integrating domains like infotainment, driver information, and advanced driver assistance systems are provided. Options for running AUTOSAR communication stacks on external microcontrollers, Linux, or internal processor cores are also examined.
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Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automotive Applications with Non-Critical Convenience Features
- 1. #EEwebinar
- 2. #EEwebinar Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automation Applications With Non-Critical Convenience Features
- 3. #EEwebinar q This webinar will be available afterwards at www.designworldonline.com & email q Q&A at the end of the presentation q Hashtag for this webinar: #EEwebinar Before We Start
- 4. #EEwebinar Module Consolidation: Combining Safety-Critical Automation Applications With Non-Critical Convenience Features Aimee Kalnoskas Editor EE World Online Patrick Shelly Senior Manager Application Engineering Mentor Graphics Corp. Embedded_events@mentor.com
- 5. Android is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries. Qt is a registered trade mark of Digia Plc and/or its subsidiaries. All other trademarks menConed in this document are trademarks of their respecCve owners. mentor.com/automotive Patrick Shelly Senior Manager, Application Engineering Module Consolidation: Combining Safety- Critical Automotive Applications with Non- Critical Convenience Features
- 6. Agenda n Challenges experienced by vehicle OEMs today n Current state of vehicle networks and E/E topology design n Some contemporary practical examples n Realization of a consolidated platform Design World EE Network November 18, 20156
- 7. Addressing OEM Needs … 7 Reduce Cost / TCO Performance & Quality Re-Usability Time to MarketSafety ISO 26262 Action Plan : Consolidate ECUs Use of complex SoCs Reference Platforms Open Source Software Network Standards Share Design Assets AUTOSAR Software Update Strategy Network Architecture Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 8. Increasing Vehicle Complexity Up to 65 million lines of code, 30 million for the multimedia system 25 - 200 microprocessors Recent high-end luxury car ECU connections: 10 for FlexRay, 73 for CAN and 61 for LIN Base vehicles employ 1,376 wires with a total length of 2,474 meters. A fully optioned vehicle requires 2,385 wires, with a total length of 4,293 meters (2.66 miles). 500 LEDs are deployed, no light bulbs 100 motors in the interior Source: The Hansen Report on Automotive Electronics, July/August 2013 8 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 9. Physical Diversity has emerged n Multiple network technologies have become established n Hierarchies have emerged to handle complexity, interconnectivity Gateway ECUGateway ECU BACKBONE : FLEXRAY OR ETHERNET CAN ETHERNET Infotainment Driver Information ADASSurround Camera CANLIN 9 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 10. Physical Characteristics n Some winners emerging… BUS CAN CAN FD* LIN FLEXRAY ETHERNET Speed Up to 1 Mbps Up to 8 Mbps Up to 19.2 Kbps 10 Mbps Up to 1 Gbps Cable Type Twisted Pair 5V Twisted Pair 5V Single Wire 12V 2 or 4 Wires One or more Twisted Pair Cost $$ $$ $ $$$ $$ Applications ABS, Powertrain, Engine Control Higher data capacity CAN applications Electric Seats, Mirror, Tailgate Steering, Traction Control, Active Suspension IP Cameras, Radar, Infotainment 10 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 11. Automotive Ethernet Applications (1 of 2) n Ethernet as backbone — Faster communication amongst In-Vehicle controllers — Cheap alternative to FlexRay n Diagnostics and software download — Diagnostic tester attached to ECU using Ethernet 11 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 12. Automotive Ethernet Applications (2 of 2) n Audio/video bridging (AVB) — Cameras and radars connected to Head Unit — Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) n Car2X — Car to car, car to infrastructure, etc… — Wi-Fi and IP communication — E.g.: collision avoidance 12 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 13. AUTOSAR : Independent of the Physical Network SWC RTE MCAL BSW Hardware OS SWC - Software Component, describes The ECU Function RTE - Run-Time Environment, generated automatically to interconnect all SWCs BSW – Basic Software has all services that run On a standard scheduler (OS) MCAL – Microcontroller Abstraction Layer provides interface to hardware devices MCU/SOC – Microcontroller from the semiconductor provider Provided by Tier 1 / OEM Mentor Solution Provided by Semiconductor Vendor Mentor 13 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 14. In the Past… Application Software Hardware standardized HW-specific AUTOSAR OEM needs § Adaptive Cruise Control § Lane Departure Warning § Advanced Front Lighting System § Etc Using standards § Communication Stack § OSEK § Diagnostics § CAN, FlexRay Hardware Software AUTOSAR Principle
- 15. AUTOSAR Layered Architecture Application Layer Microcontroller AUTOSAR Runtime Environment (RTE) Service Layer ECU Abstraction Layer Microcontr. Abstraction Layer ComplexDeviceDrivers Boot- loader LINSystem ServicesLibs Memory CRC Com Services WDG Can Fr IOHWAEth Fls Eep Can Fr Lin GPT Wdg MCU Core Tst FlsTst RamTst Spi Eth ICU ADC DIO PWM Port E2E CAL BFX EFX IFL MFL MFX IFX ComM EcuM WdgM Ea Fe e MemIf NvM DEM FIM DET IpduM CanS M CanNM CanT P CanIf CanTrc v FrNM IoHw A WdgIf Lin SM LinIf FrTp FrSM FrTrcv FrIf XCP DebugNM NmIf DLT CSM StbM BswM EthS m EthIf EthTrc v SoAd UDPN M DCM LinTrc v PduR COM IPv4 IPv6 OS OS OS
- 16. AUTOSAR Development Flow ECU 1 ECU 2 SWC 1 SWC 2 SWC 3 System Design SWC 1 SWC 2 SWC 3 VFB SWC Design Vehicle View ECU View ECU 1 SWC 1 SWC 3 ECU ConfiguraCon RTE BSW ECU 1 SWC 1 SWC 3 ECU Extract CAN Eth
- 17. AUTOSAR TCP/IP stack AUTOSAR : Relationship with the 7-Layer ISO Model n AUTOSAR versions 4.2.x support Ethernet ECUs Layer 5..7 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1 IEEE 802.1AS gPTP gptpd UDP UDP/TCP UDP-NM SOME/IPSOME/IP-SD ICMP ARP DHCP IP IEEE Ethernet MAC + VLAN (802.1Q-2011, incl. Qav, Qat) Automotive Ethernet Physical Layer, i.e. OABR or RGTPE IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer (Ethernet) IEEE 1722 AVTP Media framework AVB Command & control RTE 17 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 19. Many new consumers of network bandwidth n INFOTAINMENT SYSTEMS — Need high data-rate multi-media — Communication with other devices in the vehicle — Wi-Fi / Hotspot connectivity — CE Device integration n ADAS — Image transmission — Status Messages n DRIVER INFORMATION — Constant data updates from vehicle status — Multiple network touch points Source : Courtesy ABI research 19 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 20. IVI IVI Head Units • Linux Platforms • Advanced Audio and Video • Application Integration • CE Device Integration DRIVER INFO Clusters (DIM) • Digital Displays • Safety Certified • High Performance • Network Integration ADAS Driver Assistance • DSP/Image Processing • Ethernet Networking • Multi-Core SoC support • AUTOSAR Interface Characteristics of each domain ECU AUTOSAR / Legacy • Mixed Topology, CAN, LIN, FlexRay, Ethernet • ASIL and ISO 26262 support • Legacy and AUTOSAR • Re-Use and mixed- Vendor MULTI-DOMAIN MULTI-TOPOLOGY CONNECTIVITY 20 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 21. DIM Physical versus Logical separation IHU Comms Interface ADAS Comms Interface Comms Interface n Current generation of designs uses physically separate ECUs n Perceived inherent security with physical separation n Individually support varying network connectivity (CAN, Ethernet, etc.) Vehicle Network 21 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 22. ECU Count in Cars : Its Stabilized 0% 5000% 10000% 15000% 2005 2010 2015 2020 ■ Vehicle Safety ■ Driver Convenience ■ Performance ■ Emissions / Environment ■ Reliability ■ Exploit multi-core SoCs ■ Maintainability ■ Harness Costs ■ Manufacture and ■ Assembly Cost ■ Reliability 22 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 23. Future Designs : Single SoC option Comms Interface New Questions Arising : n How is security maintained ? n How to share SoC resources — CPU — GPU n How to manage the inter-domain communication ? n What is the optimum multi-core architecture ? Multi-Core SoC Software Platform Vehicle Network 23 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 24. Infotainment : What is in the stack? Embedded Software Platform SOC Choice Applications HMI OEM Control Tier 1 & OEM Control Tier 2 Supplier GENIVI OSS BootLoader Kernel Middleware Independent 24 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 25. Driver Information : Handling digital information safely Secure Multi-Core SOC Kernel A9 A9 Kernel Complex Logic Complex Graphics Render Safe Logic Safe Graphics Render Safe Graphics Driver Non-Secure n ASIL B logic and graphics survive in event of non-secure logic failure n Complex and non- certified applications separated from safety- critical data 25 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 26. Adding AUTOSAR Communication Stacks n Option 1 : “Bare-Metal” n AUTOSAR Communication Stack remains independent n Interdomain IPC used — RPMsg — VirtIO n Enables ECU to be AUTOSAR compliant AUTOSAR IHU / DIM / ADAS A9 / A15 / Other M4 26 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 27. AOL – AUTOSAR on Linux n Option 2 : AUTOSAR on Linux n AUTOSAR stack makes use of Linux Kernel for services n Allow close coupling with ADAS/IHU data requirements n Boot-time and security trade-offs AUTOSAR IHU / DIM / ADAS A9 / A15 / Other Linux Kernel 27 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 28. Where to run AUTOSAR Comm Stack? VSTAR Stack Advantage Disadvantage On external MCU (e.g. V850) • Fast Start-Up • Isolation • Less Integrated • Additional component cost • Not making use of available cores on SoC On Linux • Easy integration / existing OS • Ethernet support exists • CAN can be ported onto Linux • Open OS platform • Slower startup of AUTOSAR • Linux kernel may need adapting to timing needs (pre-emptive, deterministic scheduling) On internal core (e.g. M3, M4) • Many heterogeneous SoCs have cores suitable for AUTOSAR • Tight hardware integration • Start up architecture / boot time. Special consideration needed • Not proven in production yet 28 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 29. Realization 29
- 30. AXSB – AUTOMOTIVE GRADE REFERENCE PLATFORM n Automotive Grade Reference Platform — TI Jacinto 6 processor – 1 GHz , 760 Pin package — 2 GByte Dual 32 Bit DDR3L(1066) @ 533 MHz — TI WiLink8TM connectivity module — NXP Radio Tuner — Support for APIX2 and FPD-Link III — HDMI out for development — 1 DIN mechanics — 8 Layer PCB — Chassis cooling provisions — Automotive connectors — Automotive layout rules — Automotive-grade key components — Automotive power-supply (motor start/stop) — ESD protection for external interfaces n Rapid prototyping and development n Expansion modules for added functionality n Customizability and scalability through design reuse n HW & SW IP axsb.org 30 Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 31. Example Consolidation… 31 IVI Linux FastBoot AUTOSARBS W & CAN Stack on V850 Hypervisor (2xA15) CAN Vehicle Simulator Cluster Display CAN BUS Linux/RTOS FastBoot Infotainment Display USB 2CAN Sourcery Analyzer USB NTSC Camera Port FM/AM Radio Ethernet RearView Camera XS Trace Phone Connectivity (CarPlay, AndroidAuto, MirrorLink) Design World EE Network November 18, 2015
- 32. Demonstration Design World EE Network November 18, 201532
- 33. #EEwebinar Thank You q This webinar will be available at designworldonline.com & email q Tweet with hashtag #EEwebinar q Connect with Design World q Continue the discussion on our forums EDABoard.com & ElectroTechOnline.com
- 34. #EEwebinar