Industry based cleaner production promotion specialized in dairy industry.

1. Cleaner Production Promotion
University of Vocational Technology, Ratmalana,Sri Lanka
B.Tech. in Food Process Technology 2017/18 batch 1

2. Group Members:
FPT/17/B2/22 - A. Venura K. Athukorala
FPT/17/B2/34 - W.A.G.Udeshika M. Wickramarathne
FPT/17/B2/35 - M.Uditha A.De.C. Jayawardene
FPT/17/B2/40 - W.M.P. Indeewari
FPT/17/B2/49 - S.D.Deshini N. Indrajith
2

3. Content
 Supporting Cleaner Production
 Stakeholder Involvement
 Promotion of Cleaner Production
 The Barriers to CP Implementation
 Policy Instruments to Promote Cleaner Production
 Links between Cleaner Production and Other Tools
 How to Cleaner Production Promotion in Dairy Industry
3

4.  Supporting Cleaner Production
Origin
Capacity
Building
Promotion
4

5. The Origin..
Cleaner Production (CP) is,
A continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental
strategy to processes, products, and services to increase overall
efficiency, and reduce damage & risks to humans and the environment.
[UNEP]
5

6. Cleaner Production Principles
• The concept of Cleaner Production (CP) - early 1970s.
• CP is a widely recognised and proven strategy
• CP increase the efficiency of natural resource use and minimising
wastes.
• International and national organisations started to realise the need not
only to deal with already generated waste and emissions, and to
prevent them at the source before they had been produced.
• CP can be applied to :
- the processes used in any industry
- the products themselves
- various services provided in society
6
The Origin..

7. Different Aspects of CP
• Promotion and information
• Capacity building, and development of institutions
• Influences from market forces
• Actions of authorities; legal measures and taxation
• Economic support of authorities and others; subsidies
• Cooperation with stakeholders
• Education and training
7

8. Cleaner Production Procedure
8

9. CP Production Process
For production processes, cleaner production involves one or a
combination of the following:
- conserving raw materials, water and energy
- eliminating toxic and dangerous raw materials
- reducing the quantity and toxicity of emissions and wastes
9

10. Techniques of Cleaner Production
• Process improvements
• Good Operating Practices
• Equipment maintenance
• Reuse and recycling
• Changes in raw material
• Technology changes
10

11. Benefits of cleaner production
• Less waste
• Recovery of valuable by products
• Improve company image
• Improve environmental performance
• Increase productivity
• Better efficiency
• Reduce energy consumption , costs
11

12. Capacity Building
Building infrastructure in industry, government, NGOs, other cleaner
production supporting institutions
is essential for
CP Development
CP Promotion
12

13. Capacity Building for CP - Needs:
• Understanding of the CP concept
• Integration of the CP concept in policies and operations of all enterprises
• Education and training at all levels.
• Development of indicators to measure progress in CP implementation
• Incorporation of the CP concept in the government policy framework
• Providing information (technology and environmental management
tools)
• Integration of the environmental dimension in education
(schools, universities etc.)
13

14. Promotion
• Promotion of CP is an essential part of the work needed in a country to
introduce CP strategies
• CP Promotion has most important activities as,
 Awareness raising campaigns (industry, government, financing
institutions, academia, and NGOs)
 Compilation and dissemination of up-to-date information on CP
practices and technologies in a user-friendly manner, addressing specific
local/regional/national needs
 Human resources development of personnel at various levels in the
stakeholder groups
Demonstration projects in different sub-sectors and locations in the
country 14

15. 1. UNEP’s International Declaration on Cleaner Production
UNEP has defined cleaner production as:
A continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to
processes, products, and services to increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks
to humans and the environment.
Important tool to encourage governments, companies and
organizations to adopt and promote the strategy
 Promotion of Cleaner production
15

16. The Sustainability Web Ring
Service of the Sustainable Development Communications Network (SDCN)
EnviroLink
Major site with extensive listings and many support
services for NGOs. It maintains the Sustainable Business Network
The Regional Environmental Centre (REC) for Central and Eastern Europe
Help communities to strengthen environmental governance, shifting to a
low-carbon economy, managing natural resources, and developing
capacities for future environmental stewardship.
2. Networks and Partnerships for CP Promotion
16

17.  Law and Environment Eurasia Partnership (LEEP)
Grassroots non-profit organization, formed by NGOs in Central Asia.
improve existing environmental legislation, policies, and enforcement in
Central Asia
 Environmental Defense
US-based national non-profit organization engaged in many partnerships
with different industry groups and communities with the objective to create
innovative, equitable and cost-efficient solutions to
environmental problems.
 Business Partners for Development
World Bank website with many examples of successful partnerships
between interest groups and industry.
17

18. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Organizes global High-Level Seminars on CP.
Initiator of the International Declaration on CP.
Carried out work on CP financing
Coordinating the worldwide programmer of National CP Centers.
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Initiated together with UNEP the worldwide National CP Centre
Programme in 1994.
3. International Organizations
18

19. The Environment Division of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD)
Involved in promoting sound environmental management practices in many
member and non-member countries.
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)
Developed the concept of eco-efficiency.
Implemented various regional eco-efficiency initiatives, including many
programmes in Europe.
The EU Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
Its work on sustainable development strategies for Europe
Provides direct support to the implementation of the Directive on Integrated
Pollution Prevention and Control
19

20. The European Environment Agency (EEA)
European Union’s specialized environmental institution.
Provide timely, relevant and reliable environmental information to the policy
makers and the public.
The European Roundtable on Cleaner Production
Nonprofit organization
Provides a platform to stimulate, develop and disseminate new initiatives to foster
implementation of cleaner production concepts, and approaches within local and
regional sustainable development initiatives.
20

21. The Factor 10 Institute and the Wuppertal Institute
Driving forces behind the concept of reducing resource use without reducing the
quality of life.
The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE)
Involved in pollution prevention
Preventive Environmental Protection Approaches in Europe (PREPARE)
Informal, independent European network of experts in the field of cleaner
production and sustainable development.
21

22. UNIDO and UNEP have joined forces to help introduce cleaner production in
developing countries and countries in transition.
The UNIDO/UNEP Program for National Cleaner Production Centers (NCPCs)
is a unique program of capacity development to help achieve adoption and
further development of the cleaner production concept at the national level
National Cleaner Production Centre of Sri Lanka
Founded in early 2002
Registered as a nonprofit company under the act. No. 7 of 2007.
4. National Cleaner Production Centers
22

23. Established by UNIDO under the Ministry of Industry and Commerce to assist
enterprises in adopting Cleaner Production (CP).
Foremost Cleaner Production solutions provider in Sri Lanka.
Successfully built global partnerships with international agencies such as UN
Environment, UNIDO, European Union
Switch Asia, GIZ, GEF and many more to facilitate a
stronger sustainability exposure and knowledge
sharing locally.
23

24.  Stakeholder involvement
24

25. Who is a Stakeholder?
• Any group or individual that can affect or is affected by the
achievement of an organization’s objectives.
• Stakeholders are divided into two groups.
25

26. Stakeholders Examples
26

27. The Stakeholders
• The UNEP strategies for cleaner production underlines the roles of different
stakeholders.
• Good cleaner production strategies should include all groups of stakeholders,
such as industry, government & local authorities, educational institutions,
employees, suppliers and customers, financial organizations and NGOs.
• To motivate consumers towards more rational and sustainable consumption
patters is an especially critical issue for an efficient CP program.
27

28. Industry
• CP originates from industry and it mainly targets industry.
• Successful companies will be those who are able to provide satisfied
customers with less input of materials and energy.
• Companies easily introduce CP as a leading strategy for environmental
management.
• The challenge is how to involve also non-pro active and smaller
enterprises.
• Industrial associations or cooperation among particular enterprises
provide a useful tool.
28

29. Governments
• Governments provide conditions for economic development and
environmental improvement.
• Governments therefore play a key role in the process of promoting CP.
• The last few decades we have witnessed several important shifts in
environmental policies and strategies.
• CP should certainly play an important part in the further development
of these shifts.
29

30. Local authorities
• Local authorities are able to substantially contribute by promoting CP,
and even take a lead as they have direct interests in the elimination of
environmental risks, and supporting economic and social
development in the region.
• CP can be a tool to grasp the material flows within an area.
30

31. Local authorities
• CP also can be an alternative to the municipal end-of-pipe treatment,
such as dumping sites and incinerators.
• Municipalities may also consider CP as means to improve
environmental performance in its own operations.
• The local projects coordinated by municipalities constitute an
effective way to promote CP on a wide scale and reach small and
medium size enterprises that are most in need of assistance from
outside.
31

32. Educational Institutions
• Cleaner production as a sustainability strategy requires new attitudes, new
knowledge and skills for all professions, academic as well as non-academic.
• The integration of CP into the curriculum is crucial for the long-term survival of
CP programmes.
• It should provide a pool of domestic professionals and raise the level of
awareness among all CP stakeholders.
• National CP policies would help in integrating CP into curricula from the
university level to lower educational levels.
32

33. Educational Institutions
• Training directed towards companies and their employees, public
authorities, technological and academic institutions and NGO’s is
important.
• “Educate the educator” activities help educational planners and
teachers to incorporate cleaner production in the curricula.
33

34. Educational Institutions
• Universities bear profound responsibilities to increase the awareness,
knowledge, technologies and tools to create an environmentally
sustainable future.
• They must play a strong role in cleaner production education,
research, policy development, information exchange and community
out reach.
• Training of in-service personnel and applied research also should be
addressed by the universities.
34

35. Production chain stakeholders
• Employees are important stakeholders.
• They can influence the decision-making process of top management on
implementing CP.
• The commitment of top management to CP remains the first condition
for success of CP within the enterprise.
• However, success of CP also depends very much on the existing
enterprise culture and on the acceptance and commitment of all
employees.
35

36. Suppliers and customers
• Application of CP to the whole product chain is another important direction. Each actor on the
chain from supplier to consumer have a role and influence each other.
Financial organizations
• Enterprises which practice CP are healthier both environmentally and economically.
• In this respect, it is surprising to see that financial organizations pay only limited attention to
CP.
• One of the reasons may be that investments in CP generally need only relatively limited
capital.
• A financial analysis is required to make a decision on any type of investment to verify the
technical, financial and legal aspects of the project.
36

37. • The actual costs of waste and waste management are very of ten hidden in the
management overhead accounts and do not find their way to the project cost analysis.
• Environmental risks are also still often undervalued. It is here that the main challenge of
mainstreaming cleaner production lies.
NGOs
• It can play an important role in creating demand a for CP and in rising awareness in the
public.
• NGOs and other public groups may also promote CP projects and see it as part of an
environmental program.
37

38. What is Stakeholder Management?
38

39. Benefits & Risks of Stakeholder Involvement
Benefits
• Provides an important learning environment
• Enables corporations to build resources (Knowledge, human capital
and technology) and capabilities
• Build trust and understanding among stakeholders
• Can help avoid risk and cost
• Increase the social capital of the firm
Risks
• Time consuming, Costly
• Loss of decision making control
• Pointless if advice is ignored
• Less legitimacy to oppose unwanted decisions
39

40.  THE BARRIERS TO CP IMPLEMENTATION
1. Character of the Obstacles
2. Leadership Commitment
3. Employees and Partners
4. Partnership Development
5. Education and Training for Employees
40

41. 1. CHARACTER OF THE OBSTACLES
TYPES OF BARRIERS
1. Financial
2. Economic
3. Policies
4. Organizational
5. Technical
6. Conceptual
41

42. 1. FINANCIAL
 High cost of external capital for investments in industry.
 Lack of funding mechanisms for cleaner production investments.
 Perception that investments in cleaner production present a
high financial risk due to the innovative nature of cleaner
production.
 Cleaner production not properly valued by credit providers in
their evaluation procedures for lending, equity participation
42

43. 2. ECONOMIC
 Cleaner production investments are not. sufficiently cost
effective compared with other Investment
opportunities.
 Immaturity of the company’s internal cost calculation and
cost allocation practices.
 Immaturity of the company’s internal capital budgeting.
and capital allocation procedures.
43

44. 3. POLICIES
 Insufficient focus on cleaner production in environmental,
technology, trade and industrial development and
strategies.
 Immaturity of the environmental policy framework.
44

45. 4. ORGANIZATIONAL
 Lack of leadership for environmental affairs.
 Perceived management risk related to cleaner production.
 Immaturity of the environmental management function in the company’s
operations.
 Immaturity of the organization structure of the company and its
management and information systems.
 Limited experience with employee involvement and project work.
45

46. 5. TECHNICAL
 Absence of a sound operational basis.
 Complexity of cleaner production programmers procedure.
 Limited availability of equipment enabling cleaner production.
 Limited accessibility of reliable technical information.
46

47. 6. CONCEPTUAL
 Indifference: not understanding one’s own role in contributing to
environmental improvement.
 Narrow interpretation or misunderstanding of the cleaner production
concept.
 Resistance to change.
47

48.  Provide adequate financial and human resources to assure
implementation of action plans.
 Take a long-term view of the future regarding community environmental
and economic sustainability through company and personal policies of good
environmental stewardship.
 Sponsor community environmental activities, mentor other businesses,
promote innovative regulatory approaches and create a “shared learning”
environment.
THE ROLE OF SENIOR LEADERS
2. LEADERSHIP COMMITMENT
48

49. EMPLOYEES AND PARTNERS
 Employee involvement ensures their participation in the continuous
improvement process of the organization's CP programmers.
 An organization demonstrates employee value by creating and
maintaining a safe and healthy work place.
 Incentives should be created to reward good ideas, participation
and the reporting of problems.
3. EMPLOYEES AND PARTNERS
49

50. 4. PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
 INTERNAL PARTNERSHIP FOR EXAMPLE,
partnership between those responsible for waste management and
those responsible for production process operations are essential for
identifying the sources of waste and devising the appropriate pollution
prevention measures to reduce that waste.
 EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIP FOR EXAMPLE,
an organization may develop a partnership with a major supplier to deliver
goods with less packaging. Partnerships can also be effective mechanisms
to communicate the organization's environmental ethic, extending the idea
of cleaner production to customers, employees, vendors, contractors
and suppliers and communities.
50

51. 5. EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES
 Concepts and activities of cleaner production.
 Activities for creation of cleaner production projects of simple processes.
 Review of opportunities for cleaner production.
 Process of implementation, possible obstacles and how get it through.
 Opportunities for cleaner production projects of complex processes.
51

52.  How to resist pressure of business, practical exercises.
 Communication between participants within the projects of cleaner
production, practical exercises.
 Widening and deepening knowledge of opportunities for cleaner production.
 Team work skills.
 Priority list of opportunities for cleaner production, exercises.
 Value of contribution of all employees in the cleaner production programme.
5. EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES
52

53. 1. Policy Frameworks
2. Regulatory Instruments
3. Legislation
4. Market-Based Instruments
5. Cleaner Production Investments
6. Information-Based Strategies
 Policy Instruments to Promote Cleaner Production
53

54. 1. Policy Frameworks
 A supportive policy framework is of great importance to any new concept
to become institutionalized and incorporated into routine business.
 Success of cleaner production in the industrial sector generally is
analyzed and guided in the frame of implementation of the complete
system consisting of four groups of factors.
Legal Framework
Economic Instruments
Economic Stability
Cultural and behavior Changes 54

55. 2. Regulatory Instruments
 Since the inception of environmental policy, the predominant strategy for
pollution control has generally been through the use of regulatory
instruments.
Example: specify an environmental goal – such as the reduction of
carbon dioxide emissions by a specified date – or they
may mandate the use of a particular technology or process.
Facility operation permits
Permission from government
Facility operation standards
Standards & Method
55

56. 2. Regulatory Instruments
 By making the manufacturer responsible for the product’s life cycle by
Extended Producer Responsibility environmental improvements may be
achieved throughout the life cycle of a product.
 As part of their permits requirements, companies may be forced to
undertake cleaner production audits of their plants.
Product bans and trade restrictions
o Plastic banned in Kenya
o Cadmium banned in Europe
56
o Sashay Packets banned in Sri Lanka

57. 3. Legislation
 So far it is only China that has introduced legislation on CP.
 Since 2003 there is a Cleaner Production Promotion Law enforced in
the People’s Republic of China.
 The objectives of this law are to promote cleaner production, increase
the efficiency of the utilization rate of resources, reduce and avoid the
generation of pollutants, protect and improve environments, ensure
the health of human beings and promote the sustainable development
of the economy and society.
57

58. 4. Market-Based Instruments
 Market-based instruments act as incentives for the development of
more cost-effective pollution control and prevention technologies.
 They provide greater flexibility in the choice of technology or prevention
strategy.
 They are thus more cost-effective and may provide government with a
source of revenue to support environmental and/or social initiatives for
sustainable development.
 Taxes, fees and charges may be used to promote cleaner production
practices by raising the costs of unwanted outputs, or promote more
efficient use of natural resources. 58

59. 5. Cleaner Production Investments
 In many countries, the environmental sector is mainly subsidised by
government funds, with resources coming from national budgets,
donations, grants, fees and fines, environmental taxes and product charges
as well as other resources determined in the legislation.
 Support can take the form of grants, soft loans, specialized credit lines, or
financial or technical assistance for project preparation and
implementation.
59

60. 6. Information-Based Strategies
 Authorities may also stimulate the adoption of cleaner production practices
through the use of information.
Example: by publishing the results of successful companies, that is the
publication and dissemination of relevant case studies.
 Information may be used to provide the right incentive.
60

61. 6. Information-Based Strategies
Examples of information-based strategies include:
• Promoting demonstration projects
• Encouraging education on preventive environmental management
• Publication of information on environmental performance
• Industry codes of practice
• High profile awards for enterprises
• Eco-labelling and environmental product declarations schemes
61

62. Education and training
Environmental Advisory Service
Free Training & Skill Development Programmes
Thailand introduced a Cleaner Production Internship
Program (CPIP) in 1996
Greening Campaigns
Understanding the situation
Audience research
Deciding on strategic approach
Developing the message
Channels 62

63. Public recognition and awards
63

64. Product labelling (Eco-label)
• To guide consumers and purchasers in their wish to practice
environmentally conscious purchasing.
• To stimulate the development of product and service that are associated
with a lesser environmental burden.
(Nordic Council of Ministers (1996) cited in Nordic Council of Minister
2001a, p.18 ) 64
The mission of Eco-Label:

65. 65
Industry Codes of Practices

66. Industry codes of practice
 Links between Cleaner Production and Other Tools
1. Integration of Cleaner Production and ISO 14001 / EMS
2. Cleaner Production and Environment Policies
66

67. 1. Integration of Cleaner Production and ISO 14001 /
Environment Management System
The rationale for the integration of the two concepts is that cleaner production
focuses on the operational (plant floor) level, while an EMS system requires the
development of a strong and formal management structure and procedures.
Vision
Terms of
reference
Incentives
Resources Skills
• Fear of making mistakes
• Fear of being misunderstood.
• Fear of being criticized.
• Fear of being misused.
• Fear of being alone.
• Fear of making changes.
• Fear of losing security.
• Fear of losing the group’s love.
• Fear of being an individual..
Block to Creative Problems Solving
67
Source: Ashford, 1994

68. 2. Cleaner Production and Environment Policies
Policy integration can occur both within the context of the price mechanism
(market-based), or at the institutional level (government-based).
cleaner production principles to be integrated into a range of policies,
including: • Industrial development policy.
• Foreign trade policy/customs policy.
• Investment promotion policy.
• Fiscal policy and tax regimes.
• Environmental policy.
• Energy and transport policy.
• Agricultural policy.
• Education and science and technology policy.
• Health policy. 68

69. 69
Industry Based - Cleaner Production Promotion Practices
 Food Industry
 Pulp & Paper Industry
 Textile Industries
 Glass Industry
 Chlor-Alkali Industry
 Cement Manufacturing Industry etc

70. Dairy Industry
70

71. Milk Products and the Environment
 The processing of milk to produce dairy products is a significant
contributor to the overall environmental load produced over the life cycle
of milk production and consumption.
 Therefore the application of Cleaner Production in this phase of the life
cycle is important.
 The key environmental issues associated with dairy processing are:
• High consumption of water.
• Generation of high-strength effluent streams.
• Consumption of energy.
• Generation of by-products.
71

72. Good Housekeeping
 Many food processors that undertake Cleaner Production projects find
that significant environmental improvement and cost savings can be
derived from simple modification to housekeeping procedures and
maintenance programmes.
 The general housekeeping ideas:
• Keep work areas tidy and uncluttered to avoid accidents.
• Segregate waste for reuse and recycling.
• Install drip pans or trays to collect drips and spills.
• Schedule regular maintenance activities to avoid breakdowns.
• Optimise and standardise equipment settings for each shift.
• Maintain good inventory control to avoid waste of raw ingredients.
72

73. Cleaner Production Opportunities
 Dairy processing typically consumes large quantities of water and energy
and discharges significant loads of organic matter in the effluent stream.
 For this reason, Cleaner Production
opportunities focus on,
• reducing the consumption of resources
(water and energy),
• increasing production yields and
• reducing the volume and organic load of
effluent discharges. 73

74. Water
 water saving ideas:
• Use automated cleaning-in-place (CIP) systems for cleaning to control and
optimise water use.
• Install fixtures that restrict or control the flow of water for manual cleaning processes.
• Use high pressure rather than high volume for cleaning surfaces.
• Recirculate water used in non-critical applications.
• Install meters on high-use equipment to monitor consumption.
• Pre-soak floors and equipment to loosen dirt before the final clean.
• Use compressed air instead of water where appropriate
• Report and fix leaks promptly
• Use continuous rather than batch processes to reduce the frequency of cleaning.
74

75. Reducing Effluent Pollution Loads
 Opportunities for reducing the pollutant load of dairy plant effluent focus
on avoiding the loss of raw materials and products to the effluent stream.
 The ideas for reducing pollutant loads in effluents:
• Ensure that vessels and pipes are drained completely.
• Use level controls and automatic shut-off systems to avoid spills from vessels and
tanker emptying.
• Collect spills of solid materials (cheese curd and powders) for reprocessing or use as
stock feed.
• Install and maintain level controls and automatic shut-off systems on tanks to avoid
overfilling.
• Use dry cleaning techniques where possible, by scraping vessels before cleaning or pre-
cleaning with air guns. 75

76. Energy
 In addition to reducing a plant’s demand for energy, there are opportunities
for using more environmentally benign sources of energy.
 The energy saving ideas:
• Implement switch-off programs and installing sensors to turn off or power-down lights
and equipment when not in use.
• Improve insulation on heating or cooling systems and pipe work.
• Favour more energy-efficient equipment.
• Improve maintenance to optimise energy efficiency of equipment.
• Maintain optimal combustion efficiencies on steam and hot water boilers.
• Eliminate steam leaks.
• Capture low-grade energy for use elsewhere in the operation.
76

77. Receipt and Storage of Milk
 Cleaner Production opportunities in this area focus on reducing the amount
of milk that is lost to the effluent stream and reducing the amount of water
used for cleaning.
 Ways of achieving this include:
• Avoiding milk spillage when disconnecting pipes and hoses.
• Ensuring that vessels and hoses are drained before disconnection.
• Providing appropriate facilities to collect spills.
• Equipping tanks with level controls to prevent overflow.
• Improving cleaning regimes and training staff.
• Reusing final rinse waters for the initial rinses in CIP operations.
• Making certain that solid discharges from the centrifugal separator are collected for
proper disposal and not discharged to the sewer. 77

78. 78
Reference
Cleaner Production Technologies and Tools for Resource Efficient Production;
Book 2 in a series on Environmental Management;
main authors Lennart Nilsson, Per Olof Persson Lars Rydén, Siarhei Darozhka and Audrone Zaliauskien

79. “A healthy environment
for a healthy heart…”
End.. 79