HISTORICAL PROCESS OF EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY

1. Education is one of the greatest
branches that moves knowledge,
learning, technology and the economy
of a country. And it has always been
so, and from the remotest antiquity in
one form or another.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF EDUCATION
There are 5 great periods or epochs:
the Ancient Age, the Middle Age, the
Modern Age, the Contemporary Age
and the Post-Modern Age, which will
begin in 1951 with the birth of the
European Union and the fall of the
Berlin Wall.
Education in general starts from
nomadism, going through other
stages such as: sedentary, Greece,
Rome, Christianity, patristic and
scholastic, middle age, rationalism,
liberalism, enlightenment, French
revolution, positivism,
constructivism, and contemporary
pedagogical currents.

2. ANCIENT TIMES
3500 B.C.
WHAT WE'RE COVERING
It covers the cultures of India, Chinese Mesopotamia, also called the Slave Age
Invention of writing.
Nomadism, sedentarism
In these periods.
The secular, religious, class and normative education was given
Greece
Homer, Hesiod, Socrates, Herodotus, Tucidides, Plato, Aristotle.
The Greek objective was to prepare young people intellectually to assume
leadership positions in the tasks of the state and society.
In Western countries, the education systems are rooted in the religious tradition
of the Jews and Christianity. A secondary tradition derived from the education
of ancient Greece, where Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the most influential
thinkers in their educational conception.
Rome
Caton, Cicero, Titus, Libyan, Seneca, Quintilino, Virgil, Horace.

3. It stands out for the strong influence of Christianity and religion.
Fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Foundation of the first university in the West.
Christianity
Theological education,
Human change or transformation according to the will or kingdom of God,
according to biblical criteria, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
During the first centuries of Christian influence, many monastic and municipal
schools were founded.
Lower Middle Ages
Theocentric Inspired Education
Concrete and detailed analysis of human actions.
High average age
Creation of medieval universities.
Patristic-Scholastic
Formation of cathedral schools
I try to unify the knowledge of the Christian religion and to establish its dogmatic
content together with philosophy, in order to give a logical explanation of
Christian beliefs and to defend them against pagan dogmas and heresies.
They were complementary to the more basic parish schools or to the teaching in
the convents.
AVERAGE AGE 476 AD

4. the difference between the sciences and the arts begins. Anthropocentric
sense.
The human being is interested in knowing, but with the objective of
dominating the world and taking advantage of its resources.
RATIONALISM
Descartes.
It is a philosophical current that accentuates the role of reason in the
acquisition of knowledge. It contrasts with empiricism, which highlights the
role of experience, especially the sense of perception.
LIBERALISM
John Locke.
The stage of the emergence of modernity is approached from the
contributions of political thought.
MODERN AGE 1453 AD - 1789 AD
XV - XVIII Century

5. Development of natural sciences and positivism
SINCE THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Illustration
Scientific rationalism
Emergence of state education
Encyclopaedia appearance
S. Freud's Theory of Psychoanalysis
Rousseau
Pestalozzi
French Revolution XIX
POSITIVISM
Marx and Engels
CONTEMPORARY WORLD
1789 -1945 AD
XVIII - XX CENTURY

6. Birth of the European Union 1951 and the fall of
the Berlin Wall
Cognitive Pedagogy
Contemporary educational trends
Sociological perspectives
Education and Development
Constructivism
John Dewey
Paulo Freire
Jose Ferrer
Social model.
POST-MODERN AGE 1945 A.D. -
TO THE PRESENT

7. HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT
OF PEDAGOGY

8. Pedagogy makes its appearance on
the educational scene at the
moment of refining techniques and
methods to transmit knowledge, as
well as theorizing about the
educational facts that are presented
at each historical moment.
Pedagogy. A set of knowledge that
deals with education as a typically
social and specifically human
phenomenon. It is an applied
science of a psychosocial nature,
whose object of study is education.
Technical expression that reflects
the whole of educational and
instructional thought and action.

9. Feudal period
By the XII - XIII centuries, scholastic thought emerged
whose function was to reconcile belief and reason, religion
and science.
During the 14th to 16th centuries the Renaissance
movement arose, a period in which new ways of conceiving
the world and the place of the human being in it emerged,
as well as the period in which there were more scientific
and technological advances (invention of the printing press,
discovery of America, the laying out of sea routes to India).

10. Traditionally,hereticalpopularmovementshad
promotedthespreadofinstruction,sothateveryone
couldreadandinterprettheBible,withoutthe
mediationoftheclergy.
Thehumanistcurrentarose,inwhicheducationwas
opposedtotheseverityofecclesiasticaldiscipline,and
apedagogicalthoughtwasestablished
FromFeltre(1378-1446)hefoundedhisCasaGioiosa
(HouseofJoy);
InFrancewithFrancisRabelais(1494-l553).
Inhiswell-knownworkGargantúayPantagruel;Juan
LuísViveswiththetreatiseonteaching.
InEngland,ThomasMore(1478-1535),whoraisedthe
ideaoftheunionofworkwiththeoreticalteachingand
thiswasreflectedinhisgreatestworkUtopia.
Reform

11. Dury, Petty and
Woodward, take the case
of reform and
modernization of schools,
designing a Gymnasium
mechanicum and
professional schools
where everyone could
learn a trade and at the
same time receive a
cultural training similar
to that of privileged
groups.
Juan Amos, Comenius
(1592-1670), who was
the first to propose the
term didactics, in his
book "Didáctica
Magna". A book in
which they lay the
foundations of the
process of teaching and
learning that infants
have to go through in
order to acquire the
knowledge of the
moment within a
particular context.
Counter reform
Germany, Martin
Luther will take
his position on
the elaborations
of his
collaborators.
Samuel Hartlib,
advocate of the
education of the
poor
In Switzerland
Ulrich Zwingli
(1484-1531)
published a
booklet for the
instruction and
Christian
education of
children,

12. R|R
Traditional
pedagogy
As regards traditional and
modern pedagogy, the line
that separates them is very
thin, since the origin of the
-modern- pedagogical
ideas that made a change,
are inserted at the time
when traditional pedagogy
has boom, but it was also
in its decline.
Galileo Galilei, Rene Descartes,
Isaac Newton and Jean-Jacques
Rousseau (1712-1778) who
influenced the French Revolution
and were the main precursors of
the Romantic era, as were Diderot
and D'Alembert, precursors of
Encyclopaedism and stimulating
change in schools. The decline of
"traditional" methods began to
give way to the "traditional"
school based on the ideology of
John Amos Comenius and
Ratichius.
Kant's influence on the school is
reflected in the extent to which
the philosopher of duty searches
for the justification of a secular
education. With John Locke the
traditionalist method is taken to
an extreme who proposes that
the punishment with the whip
should be carried out in case of
not having succeeded with other
methods to repair a bad
behavior.
Traditional" pedagogy began in France
in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is
characterized by the consolidation of
the presence of the Jesuits in the
school institution, founded by St.
Ignatius of Loyola.
The type of education was established
on the basis of mistrust of the adult
world and wanted in principle to
separate the child from it, to make him
live in a pedagogical way and attached
to religion in a pure and sterile place. At
this time, the school is the first social
institution responsible for the
education of all social classes.

13. Modern pedagogy
Pedagogy as a historical movement was born in the second half of
the 19th century.
It has serious antecedents up to the 18th century, but it is affirmed
and gains strength in the 20th century, particularly after the First
World War (1914-1918).
Their mission is to attempt a scheme of the educational systems
and techniques that will emerge from this period.
The friendly collaboration between teacher and student;
the open-air school;
the need to leave the development of the student's spontaneous
faculties free under the teacher's care.
As well as the incursion of women in educational activities.
The unique school, both intellectual and manual, also has the
advantage of putting the child in contact with both human history
and the history of "things" under the teacher's control.
Industrial revolution
Pedagogy maintains its state of evolution with some thinkers like:
Juan Pestalozzi, Herbart, Montessori, Freinet, John Dewey,
Meuman among many others.

14. In the American continent the first ideas of pragmatism and
functionalism emerge with John Dewey
creation of the New or Active School that it pursues, in its theoretical
conceptions and practical projections,
- Ovide Decroly,
- Ferriére
- The new school is a laboratory of active pedagogy, a boarding school
located in the countryside,
- In terms of intellectual education, the new school seeks to open the
mind to a culture
- The United States is one of the countries that generates and invests the
most in research on learning methods, as well as absorbing specialists
from other countries to work in this area in their country. Examples from
the past include the most representative authors of the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries, beginning with behaviorists A. Pavlov, J. Watson,
and E. Thorndike.
- Educational skinner technology.
- Great percussionists of constructivism and cognitivism, Jean Piaget and
Vygotsky.
- Other relevant authors are Bruner, who contributes to Ausubel's
discovery learning and meaningful verbal reception learning.
Contemporary pedagogy