1. The positive and negative influences of Scholars, Analysis, and
International News Media outlets on New Africa Rising Regions and
its programs
I have under covered many elements and subject matters that reflect the current
economic state of Africa and numerous scholars, analyst’s, international media
outlets, and our African officials affect the prosperity of mother earth and its
people. Africa has always been a place that many of us in America have set side
because we have seem it from the outside and not he inside of despair and the
deplorable issues that haunt this population of people.
The following text Economic Growth and Development in Africa published by
Horman Chitonge (HC) has influence my ability to understand along with the
reading of documents that reflect its current state and methodology of what
Africa people need, want, have accomplished, and are knowledgeable as it relates
to the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and Highly
Indebted Poor Counties (HIPC). I have engaged this knowledge from the
arguments of scholars, analysis, and international media outlets whom played
such a significant role in Africa’s development. I have truly understood how this
industrialize world of culture, raw life, and beautiful people have been devalued
significantly for decades throughout the European Union. First of all, I truly feel
that discrimination has impacted the perception and sterilized our fears of
neglected towards Africa particularly; because of the negativity impacting this
developing countries which led to Africa never achieving the level of
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2. institutionalization growth requirements for a formal functioning state while
remaining unemancipated from societies disenfranchisement was challenged.
Media has a powerful capacity to encourage this global awareness thereby
promoting a cross-cultural understanding, tolerance and acceptance of ethnic,
cultural, religious and gender differences in communities across this continent of
Africa. Unfortunately, the media’s potentially enforces good as easy as it can
backfire when it’s attempting to transform economic growth. By disseminating
messages that create and reinforce negative stereotypes and perpetuate
misconceptions, the media frustrated dialogue and works against mutual
understanding seem to define message that insult the process in Africa.
Scholars, Analysts, and Africa’s officials report on CNN and BBC World a free fall
phenomenon that the freedom of South African during Apathetic international
growth didn’t’ reflect a positive change in revolutionary moments regarding
economic freedom over the 24-hour news cycle. Because, the crisis in Rwanda
was examined in tandem role of both the international media and Rwanda's news
organizations in cataclysmic events of 1994 which encountered negative issues of
positive growth in Africa while demonstrating concepts of New Africa rising
people in economic development during 1994 genocide.
Most issues were eliminated the distance factors reported by the news outlets
that portrays them by obtaining information from satellite television to created a
public sphere and new political movements of advancement. These developments
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3. have been amplified and accelerated by the Internet, which is allowing growing
segments of the general population to access and be part of the new media, even
in many developing countries. Therefore, crucial arenas were challenged during
prevailing attitudes regarding the many “others” across the globe. As individuals
we don’t simply hold intellectual beliefs about peoples in distant lands, but
rather, have strong emotional responses to divisions that are perpetuated in the
media. One critical example is the influential idea of the clash of civilizations,
which has spread out of the domain of news journalism and into all other forms
of media. No where has the reproduction of the so-called clash been more
powerful than in the two media markets that discusses old and New Africa.
Western cultural productions display negative portrayal of Africa continents’
along with conflictions among these societies illicit and Africa officials strong
emotional to Western media consumers.
Similarly, media in some Muslim worlds have made this misperceptions a
phenomenon regarding how we see Africa globally. However, Neo-
partrmonialisum explains the African crisis in general, from starting point to the
poorest state formation along with the resulting into a weaker state institution in
many African counties, which have made it impossible for states to play an
effective role in promotion economic growth and development. However, this
might be hampered by some Analyst suggestions that the levels of contestation
around the state are the function of the degree of state legitimacy that weakens
the legitimacy of the state. This broadens Africa’s effect and or connection to neo-
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4. partrimonialism and the economic growth and development challenges in Africa
through the lens of Africa officials and WB.
World Bank/International Monetary Fund “Structural Adjustment Programs”
(SAPs) have been introduced in over 40 countries of Africa. This report outlines
their economic policy measures and the experience of the countries that have
introduced them, in terms of nutrition, health status, and health services. The
evidence indicates that SAPs have been associated with increasing food insecurity
and under-nutrition, rising ill-health, and decreasing access to health care in the
two-thirds or more of the population of African countries that already live below
poverty levels. SAPs has also affected health policy, with loss of a proactive health
policy framework, a widening gap between the affected communities and policy
makers, and the replacement of the underlying principle of equity in social
responsibility health care policies in which health is marketed as a commodity
that allows access to health care whom have become individually responsible.
There is a deeper contradiction between SAPs and policies aimed at building the
health of the population and those in the health sector needing to contribute to
the development and advocacy of economic policies in which growth is based on
human resource development, and to the development of a civic environment in
Africa that can ensure the implementation of such policies. African intellectuals
try to defend against those who control with the means of producing their
scholars.
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5. Africanists have been acting as gatekeepers of knowledge production or in
research grants. In this capacity, the Africanists negatively assess and down play
the scholarly work and contributions of African intellectuals to economic
development during the 1980s and 1990s, African governments could only access
some African intellectuals through donor contracted reports.
The Bank introduced two sided strategies of (1) restructuring the economy and
(2) stabilizing the economy. SAP’s restructured the economy with long or
medium term programs along with the goals of the Bank was to use such
restructuring reforms to remove challenges to optimal functioning of the markets
and to economic growth. Stabilization involves short term measures to restore
balance of payments, while structural adjustment measures are implemented on
a longer term basis, to 'restructure the economy and generate economic growth'.
These policies are closely linked and usually involve devaluation of currency, cuts
in public spending, elimination of subsidies, cuts in the civil service, privatization
of state owned industries, opening of local economies to foreign investment and
an emphasis on export promotion in order to earn foreign currency to apply to
debt servicing.
As a direct result of these policies, women have suffered in three areas: health
and welfare, employment and education. The effects of these policies have been
felt even more intensively as social services are cut, particularly with rising
poverty among women. With respect to the debt crisis, the goal of the IMF and
the World Bank Structural Adjustment programs has been to ensure that
indebted countries will maintain their balance of payments. Developing countries
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6. had no choice but to turn to them without IMF intervention and approval, there
were few resources for them to access in order to keep their economies afloat. As
a condition for their lending, the IMF and the World Bank called for drastic
restructuring of their economies.
There are some differences between IMF and World Bank adjustment policies in
terms of the process but not the content. IMF programs are targeted at the short
term, working to stabilize economies in order to address balance of payments
problems. World Bank deals with the long term restructuring of an economy, by
changing institutions and economies in the medium term. All of this affects the
standard of living of people, particularly the poor. Credit is cut for local
manufacturing, resulting in loss of local industry and jobs, particularly for
women, yet transnational companies have access to cheap credit in their home
countries and cheap labor in developing countries. Government deficits are seen
as part of the problem, and as a result social services are cut. However, in the last
decade scholars have agree that there has been a shift in global development
paradigm whereby some IDA counties graduated to become IBRD counties and
emerging nations as New Africa Rising.
Reference:
1. Economic Growth and Development in Africa published by Horman
Chitonge (HC)
6

7. had no choice but to turn to them without IMF intervention and approval, there
were few resources for them to access in order to keep their economies afloat. As
a condition for their lending, the IMF and the World Bank called for drastic
restructuring of their economies.
There are some differences between IMF and World Bank adjustment policies in
terms of the process but not the content. IMF programs are targeted at the short
term, working to stabilize economies in order to address balance of payments
problems. World Bank deals with the long term restructuring of an economy, by
changing institutions and economies in the medium term. All of this affects the
standard of living of people, particularly the poor. Credit is cut for local
manufacturing, resulting in loss of local industry and jobs, particularly for
women, yet transnational companies have access to cheap credit in their home
countries and cheap labor in developing countries. Government deficits are seen
as part of the problem, and as a result social services are cut. However, in the last
decade scholars have agree that there has been a shift in global development
paradigm whereby some IDA counties graduated to become IBRD counties and
emerging nations as New Africa Rising.
Reference:
1. Economic Growth and Development in Africa published by Horman
Chitonge (HC)
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