1. CONDITIONAL
First Conditional – Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр I
Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр нь үндсэн 2 хэсгээс бүтдэг :
- Гол өгүүлбэр
- Нөхцөл заасан өгүүлбэр
Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэрийн нөхцөлөөс нь хамаарч бодит ба бодит бус нөхцөлтэй
гэж 2 ангилдаг. Мөн илэрхийлж байгаа цагаас нь хамаарч Нэгдүгээр,
хоёрдугаар, гуравдугаар төрлийн нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр гэж ангилдаг
Энэ төрлийн өгүүлбэрүүдийн илэрхийлдэг гол санаа нь нөхцөл заасан
хэсэгт гаргаж байгаа нөхцөл нь биелвэл гол өгүүлбэрт заасан үйлдэл
биелэгдэх тухай байдаг. Нөхцөл заасан хэсгийг if гэсэн үгийн
тусламжтайгаар илэрхийлдэг
If you come on time we will not miss the flight
Хэрэв чи цагтаа ирвэл бид нислэгнээсээ хоцрохгүй - гол өгүүлбэрийн
доогуур зурав
Нэгдүгээр төрлийн нөхцөлт өгүүлбэрийн нөхцөл нь ямагт бодит байдаг.
Нөхцөл нь ирээдүйд биелэгдэж болох магадлал байвал тухайн нөхцөлийг
бодит гэж үздэг. Бодит нөхцөлийг одоо цагаар илэрхийлдэг. Хэрэв нөхцөл
нь бодит бус бол нөхцөл нь ямагт өнгөрсөн цагаар илэрхийлэгддэг ѐстой.
[if + одоо цаг][ирээдүй цаг]
If you come on time - нөхцөл заасан хэсэг
we will not miss the flight - гол өгүүлбэр
If I have the money, I will buy this car.
Õýðâýý íàäàä ìºí㺠áàéâàë, Áè ýíý ìàøèíûã àâíà
If it`s sunny, we`ll go to the park.
Õýðâýý íàðòàé áàéâàë, Áèä íàð Ôàðê ÿâíà .
If you cook dinner, I`ll wash the dishes.
Õýðâýý ÷è õîîë õèéâýë, áè òàâàãíóóäàà óãààíà

2. [if /when + одоо цаг][одоо цаг] гэсэн бүтэц байдаг ба энэ нь байнга болдог
нөхцөл байдлыг илэрхийлдэг.
If I go to a friends house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some
flowers. - Õýðýâ áè íàéçóóäûíõàà áàéøèíðóó îðîéí õîîë èäýõ ãýæ ÿâáàë, èõýâ÷ëýí
ëîíõ äàðñ ýñâýë çàðèì äýìèé ç¿éëñ àâäàã
If the weather is nice, she walks to work. - Õýðâýý öàã àãààð ñàéõàí áàéâàë,
òýð ýìýãòýé àæèëðóóãàà àëõäàã
If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation - Õýðâýý áè ò¿¿íèé õàÿãèéã
îëâîë, áè ò¿¿íð¿¿ óðèëãà ÿâóóëíà
A: What do you do when it rains?
B: I stay at home.
А: Та бороо орвол яадаг вэ?
В: Би гэртээ үлддэг
Энэ жишээн дээр харахад байнга болдог зүйлийн тухай ярьж байна.
Харин
A: What will you do if it rains?
B: I will stay at home.
А: Õýðâýý áîðîî îðâîë òà þó õèéõ âý? В: Би
гэртээ үлдíý
Энэ жишээн дээр бороо орох гэдэг нь ойрын ирээдүйд болох үйлдэл байгаа
тул First Conditional ашигласан байна.
Exercise
1.1. If you (not study), you (fail) the test.
2. We (die) if we (not get) help soon!
3. If you (look) in the fridge, you (find) some cold drinks.
4. If there (be) no oil in the engine, the car (break) down.
5. I (lend) you my umbrella if you (need) it.
6. The sea level (rise) if the planet (get) hotter.

3. 7. If you (eat) your sandwiches now, you (not have) anything for
lunch!
8. You (be) safe in an accident if you (wear) your seatbelt.
9. If he (save) all his money, he (be able to go) on holiday to
Canada.
10. I (not come) with you if you (not bring) John!
2. 1.You ________ heart disease if you eat too much meat.
a.will get b.Get
2.You'll pay higher insurance if you ________ a sports car.
a.buy b.will buy
3.If you don't put so much sugar in your coffee, you ________ so much
weight!
a.don't put on b.won't put on
4.You ________ better if you turn on the lamp.
a.are able to see b.will be able to see
5.She ________ completely different if she cuts her hair.
a.will look b. Looks
6.If you ________ an apple every day, you'll be very healthy.
a.eat b. will eat
7.If we don't protect the elephant, it ________ extinct.
a.becomes b. will become
8.If I ________ some eggs, how many ________?
a.will cook / do you eat b.cook / will you eat
9.If a deer ________ into your garden, it ________ all your plants.
a.will get / eats b.gets / will eat
10.You won't pass the course if you ________.

4. a.don't study b. won't study
Second Conditional – Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр II
Хоѐрдугаар төрлийн нөхцөлт өгүүлбэрийн нөхцөл нь ямагт бодит бус
байдаг. Нөхцөл нь ирээдүйд биелэгдэх боломж огт байдаггүй. Бодит бус
нөхцөлийг ямагт өнгөрсөн цагаар илэрхийлдэг.
If you came on time we would not miss the flight .
Хэрэв чи цагтаа ирсэн бол бид нислэгнээсээ хоцрохгүй байх байсан - гол
өгүүлбэрийн доогуур зурав
[if + өнгөрсөн цаг][would+үйл үг]
[If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
[... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]
нөхцөл заасан өгүүлбэр ба гол өгүүлбэр өмнө хойно байх нь чухал бèø.
Жишээ нь:
If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don`t own a car. Энэ өгүүлбэрээс
харахад үйл үгнүүд нь өнгөрсөн цаг дээр хувирсан байна.
Хэрвээ надад машин байсан бол би ажил уруугаа машинаар явдаг байх
байсан. Гэхдээ надад машин байхгүй - Өгүүлбэрийн илэрхийлж байгаа
санаа нь одоо цаг. Учир нь одоо машин байсан бол энэ нөхөр машинаар
явах байсан.
I would stay at home if i did not have to work tomorrow - Хэрэв би маргааш
ажиллахгүй байсан бол гэртээ байх байсан. : өгүүлбэрийн цагууд өнгөрсөн
цаг дээр хувирсан байгаа боловч илэрхийлж байгаа санаа нь ирээдүй цаг
байна.
She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn`t have
much money. - Õýðýâ òýð ýìýãòýéä èõ ìºí㺠áàéñàí áîë òýð äýëõèéã òîéðîí àÿëàõ
áàéñàí , Ãýâ÷ òýð ýìýãòýéä èõ ìºí㺠áàéõã¿é
I would read more if I didn`t watch so much TV. - Õýðâýý áè tv óäààí
¿çýýã¿é áàéñàí áîë áè èë¿¿ óíøñàí áàéõ áàéñàí

5. Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese. - Õýðâýý Ìàðè ÿïîí õýëòýé
áàéñàí áîë òýð ÿïîíðóó í¿¿õ áàéñàí
If they worked harder, they would earn more money. - Õýðâýý òýäíèé àæèë
õýö¿¿ áàéñàí áîë , òýä èõ ìºí㺠îëîõ áàéñàí
A: What would you do if you won the lottery?
B: I would buy a house.
A: Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?
B: I would live in Seattle.
Хэдийгээр эдгээр өгүүлбэрүүдийн үйл үг нь өнгөрсөн цаг дээр хувирсан
байгаа боловч илэрхийлж байгаа санаа нь одоо эсвэл ирээдүй цагийг
илэрхийлсэн.
Анхаар! If I were ...
Зөвхөн бодит бус нөхцөл үүсгэн ярьж байгаа тохиолдолд were гэдэг үгийг
бүх төлөөний нэртэй хамт хэрэглэж болдог. Гэхдээ was гэдэг үгийг олон
тоотой хэрэглэж болохгүй.
Жишээ нь:
Exercise
If he were French, he would live in Paris.
If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.
I would play basketball if I were taller.
I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.
If I found her address, I would send her an invitation
1. If Joe (be) here, he (catch) some fish for supper.
2. It (be) nice if the rain (stop)!
3. I (sing) you a song if I (have) my guitar.
4. If I (have) a better sleeping bag, I (not feel) so cold.
5. If this tent (be) any smaller, one of us (have to sleep)
outside!
6. I (look) out for bears if I (be) you!
7. If I (not be) so hungry, I (share) my beans with you.

6. 1.If he were a young man, he ________ able to walk faster.
is was will be would be
2.We'd be on the beach if we ________ in Mexico!
are were will be would be
3.If smoking were allowed, I ________ a cigarette.
have had will have would have
4.If there ________ no mosquitos, there would be no malaria.
is are was were would be
5.If her hair were black, she ________ completely different.
look looks will look would look
6.If I ________ a penny for every can of soda I've drunk in my life, I would be
rich!
have had will have would have
7.He's so stupid! If he ________ an animal, he would be a sheep.
is are was were would be
We don't mind camping, but if we ________ enough money, we ________ in a
hotel
would have...stayed have... stayed had... would stay had... stayed
We would learn a lot from dolphins if they ________.
could talk can talk talk will talk
If the weather ________ better, we ________ to the park.
were... will go were... would go is... would go was... go

7. Third Conditional – Нөхцөлт өгүүлбэр III
Хэрэв чи цагтаа ирсэн бол бид нислэгнээсээ хоцрохгүй байх байсан гол
өгүүлбэрийн доогуур зурав
If you came on time we would not have missed the flight
Гуравдугаар төрлийн нөхцөлт өгүүлбэрийн нөхцөл нь ямагт бодит бус
байдаг. Нөхцөл нь өнгөрсөнд биелэгдэх боломжгүй нөхцөл байсан ба хэрэв
энэ нөхцөл биелtсэн байсансан бол ямар нэгэн юм хийчихсэн байх байсан
гэсэн утгатай. өгүүлбэрүүд байдаг.
[if + past perfect ][would have + үйл үг + ed] гэсэн бүтэцтэй байдаг.
Өнгөрсөн цагийн утга илэрхийлдэг
[if + past perfect] [perfect conditional]
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. - Хэрэв би хичээлээ
сайн давтдаг байсансан бол шалгалтаа өгчихсөн байх байсан. : Хэдийгээр
үйл үгийн цаг нь past perfect байгаа боловч илэрхийлж буй цаг нь өнгөрсөн
цаг байна
If I had had the money, I would have bought this Audi. : мөнгөгүй учраас энэ
машиныг аваагүй
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. :
машинаа болгоомжтой барьж байгаагүй учир осол гарсан
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. : бид сайн
тоглоогүй учир хожигдсон
Баймж үг
would have + can = could have
would have + shall = should have
would have + may = might have
Жишээ нь:
If I had gone to Egypt, I could have learned Arabic.
If she had had time, she might have gone to the party.
If I had had more time, I could have exercised after work.
If he had invited you, you might have gone.
If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

8. Translate
If I had owned a car, I would have driven to work. But I didn`t own one, so I
took the bus.
She would have traveled around the world if she had had more money. But
she didn`t have much money, so she never traveled.
I would have read more as a child if I hadn`t watched so much TV.
Unfortunately, I did watch a lot of TV, so I never read for entertainment.
Mary would have gotten the job and moved to Japan if she had studied
Japanese in school instead of French.
If Jack had worked harder, he would have earned more money.
Unfortunately, he was lazy and he didn`t earn much.
A: What would you have done if you had won the lottery last week?
B: I would have bought a house.
A: What city would you have chosen if you had decided to move to the
United States?
B: I would have chosen Seattle.
Exercise
1.1. He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.
If he asleep while driving, he his car.
2. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money.
If we enough money, we to the concert.
3. I lost my job because I was late for work.
I my job if I late for work.
4. The wind was so strong that the bridge collapsed.
If the wind so strong, the bridge .
5. I couldn't call Sally because I had lost her number.
I Sally if I her number.
2.1. If I (have) enough time, I (finish) my book.
2. They (buy) that car if the price (be) lower.

9. 3. We went to France for our vacation. But if we (know) how cheap
Mexico was, we (go) there.
4. If she (not marry) him, she (not live) in Italy.
5. I (get) the job if I (handle) the interview better.
6. If she (be speeding), the police (not stop) her.
7. If I (not go) to that presentation, I (not learn) about that
problem.
8. If I (order) something different, I (enjoy) the meal more.
9. They (have) more kids if they (get) married earlier.
10. I (go) to bed sooner if I (not have) so much homework.

10. 1st conditional key
1)
1. don't study, will fail
2. will die, don't get
3. look, will find
4. is, will break
5. will lend, need
6. will rise, gets
7. eat, won't have
8. will be, wear
9. saves, will be able to go
10. will not come, don't bring
2)
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. A

11. 2nd conditional key
1)
1. were, would catch
2. would be, stopped
3. would sing, had
4. had, wouldn't feel
5. were, would have to sleep
6. would look, were
7. weren't, would share
2)
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. B

12. 3rd conditional key
1)
1. hadn't fallen, wouldn't have crashed
2. had had, could have gone
3. wouldn't have lost, hadn't been
4. hadn't been, wouldn't have collapsed
5. could have called, hadn't lost
2)
1. had had, would have finished
2. would have bought, had been
3. had known, would have gone
4. hadn't married, wouldn't have lived
5. would have got, had handled
6. hadn't been speeding, wouldn't have stopped
7. hadn't gone, wouldn't have learned
8. had ordered, would have enjoyed
9. would have had, had got
10. would have gone, hadn't had