1. Martha rogers ‘s theory

2. Introduction
• Born :May 12, 1914, Dallas, Texas
• Diploma :Knoxville General Hospital School of
Nursing(1936)
• Graduation in Public Health Nursing, George
Peabody College, TN, 1937
• MA :Teachers college, Columbia university,
New York, 1945
• MPH :Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,

3. Introduction
• Doctorate in nursing :Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, 1954
• Fellowship: American academy of nursing
• Position: Professor Emerita, Division of
Nursing, New York University, Consultant,
Speaker
• Died : March 13 , 1994

4. Publications of Martha Rogers
• Theoretical basis of nursing (Rogers 1970)
• Nursing science and art :a prospective (Rogers
1988)
• Nursing :science of unitary, irreducible, human
beings update (Rogers 1990)
• Vision of space based nursing (Rogers 1990

5. Rogers nursing theory
• Nursing is both a science and art. the uniqueness
of nursing, like that of any other science, lies in
the phenomenon central to its focus.
• Nurses long established concern with the people
and the world they live is in a natural forerunner
of an organized abstract system encompassing
people and the environments.
• The irreducible nature of individuals is different
from the sum of the parts.

6. Rogers nursing theory
• The integral ness of people and the environment
that coordinate with a multidimensional universe
of open systems points to a new paradigm :the
identity of nursing as a science.
• The purpose of nurses is to promote health and
well-being for all persons wherever they are.

7. Evolution of abstract system
• The development of the abstract system was
strongly influenced by an early grounding in arts
and background of science and her keen interest
in space
• The science of unitary human beings originated
as a synthesis of facts and ideas from multiple
sources of knowledge

8. • The uniqueness is in the central phenomena :
people and environment
• The Rogerian view of a causality emerges from
an infinite universe

9. Overview of Rogerian model
• Rogers model provides the way of viewing the
unitary human being
• Humans are viewed as integral with the universe
• The unitary human being and the environment
are one ,not dichotomous
• Nursing focus on people and the manifestations
that emerge from the mutual human
/environmental field process

10. • Change of pattern and organization of the
human field and the environmental field is
propagated by waves
• The manifestations of the field patterning that
emerge are observable events
• The identification of the pattern provide
knowledge and understanding of human
experience

11. • Basic characteristics which describes the life
process of human :energy field, openness,
pattern, and pan dimensionality
• Basic concepts include unitary human being
,environment, and homeodynamic principles

12. Concepts of Rogers model
• Energy field
• The energy field is the fundamental unit of both
the living and nonliving
• This energy field "provide a way to perceive
people and environment as irreducible wholes"
• The energy fields continuously varies in
intensity, density, and extent

13. Concepts of Rogers model
• Openness
• The human field and the environmental field are
constantly exchanging their energy
• There are no boundaries or barrier that inhibit
energy flow between fields.

14. Concepts of Rogers model
• Pattern
• Pattern is defined as the distinguishing
characteristic of an energy field perceived as a
single waves
• "pattern is an abstraction and it gives identity to
the field"

15. Concepts of Rogers model
• Pan dimensionality
• Pan dimensionality is defined as "non linear
domain without spatial or temporal attributes"
• The parameters that human use in language to
describe events are arbitrary.
• The present is relative ;there is no temporal
ordering of lives.

16. • Unitary Human Being (person)
• A unitary human being is an "irreducible,
indivisible, pan dimensional (four-dimensional)
energy field identified by pattern and
manifesting characteristics that are specific to
the whole and which cannot be predicted from
knowledge of the parts" and "a unified whole
having its own distinctive characteristics which
cannot be perceived by looking at , describing,
or summarizing the parts"

17. • Environment
• The environment is an "irreducible ,pan
dimensional energy field identified by pattern
and integral with the human field"
• The field coexist and are integral. Manifestation
emerge from this field and are perceived.

18. • Health
• Rogers defined health as an expression of the
life process; they are the "characteristics and
behavior emerging out of the mutual,
simultaneous interaction of the human and
environmental fields"
• Health and illness are the part of the sane
continuum.

19. • Nursing
• The concept Nursing encompasses two
dimensions
• Independent science of nursing
• An organized body of knowledge which is
specific to nursing is arrived at by scientific
research and logical analysis

20. • Art of nursing practice
• The creative use of science for the betterment of
the human
The creative use of its knowledge is the art of its
practice

21. Assumptions about people and
nursing
• Nursing exists to serve people………..it is the
direct and overriding responsibility to the society
• The safe practice of nursing depends on the
nature and amount of scientific nursing
knowledge the individual brings to
practice…….the imaginative, intellectual
judgment with which such knowledge is made in
service to the man kind
• People needs knowledgeable nursing

22. Homeodynamic principles
• The principles of homeodynamic postulates the
way of perceiving unitary human beings
• The fundamental unit of the living system is an
energy field
• Three principle of homeodynamic
• Resonancy
• Helicy
• integrality

23. • Resonance
• Resonance is an ordered arrangement of rhythm
• characterizing both human field and
environmental
• field that undergoes continuous dynamic
• metamorphosis in the human environmental
process

24. • Helicy
• Helicy describes the unpredictable, but
continuous, nonlinear evolution of energy fields
as evidenced by non repeating rhythmicties
• The principle of Helicy postulates an ordering of
the humans evolutionary emergence

25. • Integrality
• Integrality cover the mutual, continuous
relationship of the human energy field and the
environmental field .
• Changes occur by by the continuous
repatterning of the human and environmental
fields by resonance waves
• The fields are one and integrated but unique to
each other

26. Rogers concepts of nursing
• Nursing is a learned profession-it is a science
and art
• Nursing is the study of unitary. Irreducible,
indivisible human and environmental energy
fields
• The art of nursing involves the imaginative and
creative use of nursing knowledge

27. • The purpose of nurses is to promote health and
well-being for all person and groups wherever
they are using the art and science of nursing
• The health services should be community based
• Rogers challenges nurses to consider nursing
needs of all people ,including future generation
of space kind ;as life continuous to evolve from
earth to space and beyond.

28. • Her view provides a different world view that
encompasses a practice of nursing for the
present time and for the imagined and for the
yet to be imagined future
• Rogers envisions a nursing practice of
noninvasive modalities, such as therapeutic
touch, humor, guided imagery, use of color,
light, music, meditation focusing on health
potential of the person.

29. • Professional practice in nursing seeks to
promote symphonic interaction between man
and environment, to strengthen the coherence
and integrity of the human field, and to direct
and redirect patterning of the human and
environmental fields for realization of maximum
health potential

30. • Nursing aims to assist people in achieving their
maximum potential.
• Nursing practice should be emphasized on pain
management, supportive psychotherapy
motivation for rehabilitation.
• Maintenance and promotion of health,
prevention of disease, nursing diagnosis,
intervention, and rehabilitation encompasses the
scope of nursing

31. Rules for independent practitioner
guided by Rogerian model
• Nursing is an independent science
• Nurse assumes the role of potentiater of care
• She proposes the independent role in various
setting like school, industry, community, space
(by 2050AD)
• Independent practitioner is an advanced practice
registered registered nurse who focus on well-
being or mutual patterning of individual, family,
community across the life span ,at risk for
developing dissonance/illness

32. Areas of Rogerian model
application

33. Rules for nursing research guided
by the Rogerian theory
• The Rogerian research require both basic and
applied research
• The phenomena to be studied are unitary human
beings and their environmental interaction
• Study participants may be any person or group,
with the provision that both person and
environment are taken into account

34. Research methodology
• Qualitative and quantitative methods can be
applied
• Experimental researches are questionable
because she rejects the notion of causality
• Case study and longitudinal research are better
than cross sectional study
• Research instruments that are directly derived
from science of unitary human beings should be
used
• Data analysis – multivariate analysis (canonical

35. Research tools derived from
science of unitary human beings
• Perceived field motion scale
• Human field rhythm scale
• Temporal experience scale
• Assessment of dream experience scale
• Person environment participation scale
• Leddy healthiness scale

36. • Mutual exploration of the healing human-
environment field scale
• Garon assessment of pain scale
• Family assessment tool
• Community health assessment tool

37. Rules for nursing education
guided by Rogerian theory
• Focus of the curriculum
• Nursing education can be for professional
nursing , technical nursing
• The focus is the transmission of the body of
knowledge
• Teaching and practicing therapeutic touch
• Conducting regular in-service education

38. Nursing programs
• Baccalaureate degree program
• Masters program
• Doctoral program
• The major concepts are – principal of
Resonancy, Helicy, Integrality
• The faculty in the nursing education must be
prepared

39. Teaching- learning strategies
• Emphasis should be on developing self
awareness as an aspect of the clients
environmental energy field and the dynamic role
of nurse pattern manifestation on the client
• Emphasis on laboratory study- the lab setting
include homes, schools, industry, clinics,
hospitals, other places where people lives
• Importance of use of media in education

40. Rules for nursing administration
guided by Rogerian theory
• Purpose of nursing services
• Nursing services is the center of any health care
system
• The purpose of nursing services is health
promotion

41. Characteristics of nursing
personnel
• The administrators should hold higher degrees
in nursing and licensed
• Leaders must be visionary and willing to
embrace innovative and creative change
• Leaders should be able to identify the patterning
to ensure the integrated behaviors for client and
employees

42. • Management strategies and administrative
policies
• Administrative policies foster an open and
supportive administrative climate that enhances
staff members self esteem , actualization, and
freedom of choice and provide opportunity for
staff development and continuing education
• The ultimate goal is the clients well-being
Management strategies and administrative policies
•Administrative policies foster an open and supportive administrative climate that enhances staff members self esteem , actualization, and freedom of choice and provide opportunity for staff development and continuing education
•The ultimate goal is the clients well-being

43. Nursing process
Assessment
• Areas of assessment
• Simultaneous states of the individual and the
environment
• Total pattern of events at any given point in
space –time
• Rhythms of life process
• Supplementary data
• Categorical disease entities
• Subsystem pathology

44. • It is a comprehensive assessment of:
• Human field patterns of communication,
exchange, rhythms, dissonance
• Environmental fields pattern of communication,
rhythms
• Validation of the appraisal
• Validate with self
• Validate with the client

45. • Mutual patterning of human and environmental
field
• Sharing knowledge
• Offering choices
• Empowering the client
• Fostering patterning
• Evaluation
• Repeat pattern appraisal

46. • Identify dissonance and harmony
• Validate appraisal with the client
• Self reflection for the client
• Pattern appraisal include appraisal of
multiple lifestyle rhythms such as:
• Nutrition
• Work/leisure activities

47. • Exercise
• Sleep / wake cycles
• Discomfort or pain
• Fear /hopes
• Patterning activities for the client
• Meditation
Imagery
Journaling
Modifying the surroundings

48. Summary

49. Thank you