4G Fourth generation

Silver Oak College of Engineering & Technology
Deep Mehta
09IT50

Deep Mehta

Content
 History of Wireless Communication.
 Working of Different Access Channels Used in
Communication.
 What is 4G .!?
 4G technologies each Include.
 Enterprise Benefits of 4G.
 What New Applications Does 4G Help Mobilize?
 Specific 4G Technologies.

Deep Mehta

History of Wireless Communication
 There are 4 different types of Generation developed
and they are as follows:-

 First Generation (1G)
 Second Generation (2G)
 Third Generation (3G)
 Fourth Generation (4G)

Deep Mehta

First Generation (1G)
 Analog Telecommunication.
 AMPS.
 Upto 9.6 Kbps.
 Simplest type of wireless data communication.

Deep Mehta

First Generation (1G)(AMPS)(1970-80)
 The 1G, or First Generation. 1G was an analog
system, and was developed in the seventies, 1G had
two major improvements, this was the invention of the
microprocessor, and the digital transform of the
control link between the phone and the cell site.
 Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was first
launched by the US and is a 1G mobile system. Based
on FDMA, it allows users to make voice calls in 1
country.
“1G was developed on the basis of IMTS & uses AMPS Technology”

Deep Mehta

First Generation (1G)(AMPS)(1970-80)
 Services provided: Analog voice, Synchronous data
upto 9.6 Kbps.
 Standards used: Advanced Mobile Phone
Services(AMPS).
 Data Bandwidth: 1.9 Kbps
 Multiplexing: Frequency Division Multiple Access
(FDMA).
 Core Network: Public Switched Telephone Nework
(PSTN).
“Short History of 1G Technology”

Deep Mehta

Second Generation (2G)
(GSM,CDMA,EDGE,TDMA)(1980 till today)
 Digital Signal
 GSM,CDMA,TDMA.
 Upto 14.4 Kbps.
 Bit Complex then 1G.

Deep Mehta

 2G first appeared around the end of the 1980’s, the 2G
system Digitized the voice signal, as well as the
control link. This new digital system gave a lot better
quality and much more capacity (i.e. more people
could use there phones at the same time), all at a lower
cost to the end consumer. Based on TDMA, the first
commercial network for use by the public was the
Global system for mobile communication (GSM).
 Allows Low power radio signals which Saves Batter.

“Good voice quality & Mobile Saves Battery”

Deep Mehta

 Digital Data can be Compressed & Multiplexed much
more effectively than Analog Voice Encoding Data.

“Effective Data Encoding”

Deep Mehta

 Digital Voice Encoders Allows Better Error Checking.

 Better sound quality then 1G.

 Lowers Noise level as compared to 1G.

 Full Digital Data Transmission.

 Introduction of Short Message Service (SMS), E-Mail in
this technology.
“Good sound, less noise, new services introduced.”

Deep Mehta

 Disadvantage:
 Cell Towers have limited Coverage area.

 Abrupt call drops.

 Sound Reduction.

 Spotty Coverage.
“limited coverage & less network strength.”

Deep Mehta

 Services: Digital Voice, Short Message Service
(SMS), GPRS, E-Mail.
 Standards: Global System for Mobile(GSM), Code
Division Multiple Access(CDMA), Time Division
Multiple Access(TDMA).
 Data Bandwidth: 14.4 Kbps.
 Multiplexing: TDMA, CDMA.
 Core Network: Public Switched Telephone
Network(PSTN).
“Short info of 2G Technology.”

Deep Mehta

Third Generation (3G)
(UMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000) (2000 till today)
 High Speed Data Transmission
 UMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000
 Upto 2 Mbps
 Higher Capacity then 2G & 1G

Deep Mehta

 Larger Capacity & Broadband Capabilities.
 Allows the transmission of 384 Kbps to 2Mbps.
 3G systems promise faster communications
services, entailing voice, fax and Internet data
transfer capabilities, the aim of 3G is to provide these
services any time, anywhere throughout the
globe, with seamless roaming between standards.
 Evolution of 2G & 2.5G technology.
“Higher Capacity, Faster, Accurate, Global.”

Deep Mehta

 ITU’s IMT-2000 is a global standard for 3G and has
opened new doors to enabling innovative services and
application for instance, multimedia
entertainment, and location-based services, as well as
a whole lot more. In 2001, Japan saw the first 3G
network launched.
 3G technology supports around 144 Kbps, with high
speed movement, i.e. in a vehicle. 384 Kbps
locally, and up to 2Mbps for fixed stations.
“Location based service at high-speed.”

Deep Mehta

 A greater number of user that can be simultaneously
supported by a radio frequency bandwidth.
 High Data rates at lower increment cost than 2G.
 Global roaming.
 Greater use of smart phones & PDA(Personal Digital
Assistant).
 Higher connectivity than 2G.
 Separate channel for Voice & Data.
“Multi-user support, higher connectivity, diff. Channels.”

Deep Mehta

 Services: Higher Capacity, Broadband Data upto 2Mbps.

 Standards: Wideband CDMA, CDMA2000.

 Data Bandwidth: 2 Mbps

 Multiplexing: CDMA

 Core Network: Packet Network.

Deep Mehta

Fourth Generation (4G)
(OFDM) (2005 till today)
 Ultra High Speed Data Transmission
 OFDM
 From 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps.
 Will be the BEST.

Deep Mehta

 4G will change the way we work, live and play.
Cheap end user costs, fast, always on, reliable
connectivity, where ever you are, what ever your
doing. Some people view 3G as a stop gap until the
real 4G network arrives, something which is due
around 2010, and will impact every one, every where.
 4G will provide unconceivable amounts of bandwidth
to the palm of a user.

“Will make world Dynamic, Fast, Easier to Access.”

Deep Mehta

 Matching current Local Area Network speeds, 4G
networks will provide 100MBps on the move. This is
enough for studio quality video, multi channel
surround sound and much more.
 4G will be based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing) – the next generation in access
technologies.
 Some possible IEEE standards for the 4G system are
802.20.
“Based on OFDM Technology.”

Deep Mehta

 Services: Higher Capacity, Completely IP-
Oriented, Multimedia, High Data Rate Transfer.

 Standards: Single Standards.

 Data Bandwidth: Higher than 100 Mbps

 Multiplexing: OFDM

 Core Network: Internet.

Deep Mehta

 4G is MAGIC ..!! Which means
M=Mobile multimedia.
A=Anytime anywhere.
G=Global mobility support.
I=Integrated wireless solution.
C=Customized personal service.

Deep Mehta

Working of Different Access
Channels Used in Communication
 Code Division Multiple Access (2G,3G).

 Frequency Division Multiple Access (1G).

 Time Division Multiple Access(2G).

 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (4G).

Deep Mehta

Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
 CDMA is a spread spectrum multiple access technique.
A spread spectrum technique spreads the bandwidth
of the data uniformly for the same transmitted power.

Deep Mehta

Frequency Division Multiple Access
(FDMA)
 FDMA divides the given spectrum into channels by the
frequency domain. Each phone call is allocated one
channel for the entire duration of the call. In the figure
above, each band represents one call.

Deep Mehta

Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA)
 TDMA enhances FDMA by further dividing the spectrum
into channels by the time domain as well. A channel in the
frequency domain is divided among multiple users. Each
phone call is allocated a spot in the channel for a small
amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted.

Deep Mehta

Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM)
 OFDM involves sending several
signals at one given time over
several different frequency
channels, or subcarriers. In our
case, the usable frequency range
of our equipment will be
determined, and that frequency
range will be divided into a certain
number of channels. At any given
time interval during
transmission, each subcarrier will
be transmitting data. An
illustration of OFDM for one time
instance is given.
Deep Mehta

What is 4G .!?
 4G is high-speed wireless connectivity that enables a
real-time multimedia experience. It allows mobile
users to not just send and receive emails, but to deal
with large file transfers, view high-resolution
streaming multimedia or have a high-quality
interactive video experience. While there is no
formal 4G definition in the market.

“4G gives Real time speed,HQ video interaction.”

Deep Mehta

4G technologies each include
 IP-based architecture: 4G at its most basic level is
defined as an all-IP, high-speed, low-latency, flat-
architecture network. The network will enable fast, cost-
efficient access to the Internet and enterprise
applications.
 Packet-switched data: Like existing 3G networks, 4G
radio access networks will be optimized for packet-
switched data as opposed to circuit-switched voice.

“IP Based for Hi-Speed,Cost-efficient. Packet-Switch for better
Optimization.”

Deep Mehta

 OFDMA signaling: To enable higher speeds and more
users per cell, the 4G air interface will be based on
orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
(OFDMA), which makes more efficient use of the wireless
spectrum than older technologies (improved spectral
efficiency).
 MIMO antennas: 4G radios will make use of multiple
input, multiple output (MIMO) technology. MIMO-
equipped cell sites send information simultaneously
over two or more antennas to improve reception, reduce
interference and increase effective throughput.

Deep Mehta

 Open access: The price/performance improvements
of 4G should lead to the expansion of broadband to
a wider variety of devices beyond laptops and
smartphones, which will lead to market pressure on
network providers to open their networks to any
compatible device rather than a select few as is true
today.

Deep Mehta

Enterprise Benefits of 4G
 Higher speed: 4G technologies are expected to offer
speeds of at least 70 Mbps in each direction, which is at
least four times faster than the peak rates of the newest
HSPA-based GSM networks and 50 times the speed of
prevalent CDMA 3G networks such as those using EV-DO
Rev A.
 Lower latency: In a flat, all-IP architecture, the initial
data packet connection should be in the 50-millisecond
(ms) range with approximately 5 ms of one-way latency—
an order of magnitude better than 3G networks. Low
latency makes 4G ideal for “mobilizing” real-time
applications such as VoIP, video streaming and tele-
presence.
“Hi-Speed 70Mbps, Lower Latency.”

Deep Mehta

Enterprise Benefits of 4G
 Lower price per bit: Due to their architecture and the
spectral efficiency of OFDMA, 4G networks promise a
substantially lower cost-per-bit than 3G systems.
 Indoors to outdoors: The promise of 4G to serve as a
fixed-line replacement for DSL or cable is spawning
the development of indoor femtocells and
picocells, which give users high throughput indoors
and can transfer them to the wide-area 4G network
when they leave the building.
“Price almost equal to 3G, to replace Fixed lines.”

Deep Mehta

What New Applications Does 4G
Help Mobilize?
 4G will allow enterprises to extend to mobile
workers those applications that were previously
restricted to the LAN. It will also allow for brand-new
mobile-only applications.
 VoIP and Unified Communications
 Enterprise IPTV
 Tele-presence/Virtual Collaboration

Deep Mehta

Specific 4G Technologies
 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
(WiMAX) is based on the IEEE 802.16 family of
standards and delivers wireless broadband data at up
to 70 Mbps in each direction. This technology is
already standardized and in use in more than 300
networks. In the U.S., it is backed by a consortium of
companies that include
Intel, Motorola, Google, Sprint Nextel and major
cable operators. A major performance upgrade to the
standard known as 802.16m which was launched in
2011.
Deep Mehta

Specific 4G Technologies
 Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an extension to two
key 3G technologies, the Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile
Telecommunications Systems (UMTS). LTE is being
backed by leading telecommunications companies
that include AT&T, Verizon, Vodafone, T-
Mobile, NTT DOCOMO. While LTE is not yet
standardized, tests with pre-standard equipment
have delivered peak speeds of over 100 Mbps. Industry
analysts expect the first commercial availability to
occur in 2010.

Deep Mehta

4G Technology in Market.!

Deep Mehta

4G Fourth generation

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