1.
Hacktoberfest 2020
Open Source for beginners
By
Saksham Arora
Open Source Executive Member
DSC-MAIT 20-21
PYTHON

2.
Saksham Arora
About Me
I’m a 3rd year student in IT, MAIT. I’m a Python and Flutter
developer. I started programming in Python at the end of
my 2nd semester although I wrote my first “Hello World”
code in C++ back in class 11th. I recently finished my
Google Summer of Code 2020 program under Python
Software Foundation. I was a project mentor for a Flutter
project in GirlScript Summer of Code 2020.
My main interests are in the Artificial Intelligence field.
Introduction

3.
Agenda
What is Hacktoberfest & Open Source?
Why is Open Source Software
important?
A brief intro to Git and GitHub
Creating a pull request!
Next steps to become an open source
contributor and what is GSoC?
Doubt session

4.
What exactly is
Hacktoberfest?
Hacktoberfest is a month-long celebration of open
source software run by DigitalOcean in partnership
with GitHub and Twilio. Hacktoberfest is open to
everyone in our global community! In this event,
Five quality pull requests must be submitted to
public GitHub repositories - i.e. Open source
projects on GitHub.
Steps to register -
Step 1 - Create a GitHub account for free.
Step 2 - Register at Hacktoberfest official website
using your GitHub ID.

5.
Now, What is Open Source?

6.
There are two kinds of software. One is open source software and the other is
proprietary software or closed source software. As the source code of an open
source program can be modified by anyone, this is also free to download.
Open Source
Something people can modify and share because it is publicly accessible.
Open source encourages open collaboration between everyone around the world!
It is meant to be a collaborative effort, where programmers improve upon the source
code and share the changes within the community.

7.
React is powered by Facebook and
Angular is maintained by Google.
On the other hand,
Vue was created by Evan You, and is maintained by
him and the rest of the active core team members
(just like a community).
All 3 are open source projects!
Did you know?

8.
● It’s important due to the fact that “more
perspectives make better software”!
● It is important in building a sustainable
project as more people will equate to more
ideas, features and a better maintenance of
the project in the long run.
● Open Source Software make a great free
alternative to proprietary softwares for
which you need to pay to use their services.
Other pros:
1. Personal Benefits
2. Community Recognition
3. Self Advertising
4. Sense of value
5. Software quality, security
and customization
Why is Open Source Software(OSS) important?

9.
- Philippe Kahn
Created the first camera phone, a pioneer for wearable
technology, and is the author of dozens of technology
patents.
“The power of Open Source is
the power of the people. The
people rule.”

10.
Git and GitHub
What is Git?
What is a version control
system (VCS)?
Git is a free, open-source distributed version control
system. It keeps track of projects and files as they
change over time.
A system that records changes to a file or set of
files over time so that you can recall specific
versions later.
What is GitHub?
GitHub is a Git repository hosting service that
provides a web-based graphical interface.

11.
Snapshots
How does Git and GitHub work?
This is how git keeps track of our code recording
how all your files look like at a given point of time.
Now with this, one can go back to any `snapshot`(or
version) of the project.
Important Terminology
Commits
Commits are how you save your snapshot or version
of files at a given point of time.
It contains 3 important things -
1. Information about how the files were changed
2. A reference to the previous commit
3. A hash code

12.
Repository
This is basically your project!
It’s a collection of all your files along with their
history, i.e. all those commits you made will live
here.
So, where are these repositories stored?
Well, for the obvious one, in your system locally but
it can be stored somewhere else too!
GitHub!
Important Terminology
Branches
All commits in a git repository live on some branch.
The main branch of the repository is called the
‘master’ branch for now.
Starting from the month of October this branch will
be called the ‘main’ branch!
Cloning
Copying a git repository from a remote server like
GitHub to your local machine is known as cloning.
Pulling
Downloading commits from a repository hosted on a
remote server that don’t exist on your local
repository is known as pulling.
Pushing
Adding the local changes made in the project to the
repository on a remote server is known as pushing.

13.
How does Git and GitHub work?

14.
How does Git and GitHub work?

15.
HEAD
HEAD is the reference to the most recent commit to
your repository.
Important Terminology
Branching off a branch ‘X’
Branching off a branch is creating a new branch
based on branch ‘X’. For example, creating a new
feature branch from the `master` branch.
Merging
Once done with creating changes regarding a new
feature on a new branch, one would want to merge
those changes to the main branch, this is known as
merging in version control.
Remote
Remotes are simply URLs to other copies of a
repository. When a repository is cloned, Git
automatically creates a remote named "origin" and
points to it.

16.
For Linux:
Debian/Ubuntu - sudo apt-get install
git
Fedora - sudo yum install git
https://git-scm.com/download/linux
For Windows:
https://git-scm.com/download/win
For Mac:
https://git-scm.com/download/mac
Configuring git for committing:
git config --global user.name <YOUR NAME>
git config --global user.email <YOUR EMAIL>
Setting up Git and GitHub

17.
Okay, I know the basics now, how do I implement them?
Basic git commands -
● To clone a repository to your local machine - git clone url/to/forked/repo.git
● Creating/Initializing a git repository - git init
● Process of making a commit -
○ Create a repo/clone a repo
○ Make some changes
○ Adding the changes - git add
■ Putting file(s) in the ‘staging’ environment
■ `git add` is done when a file is ready to be committed
■ To unstage - git reset
○ Finally committing the changes - git commit
● To update the hosted repository with the new commits - git push
● To create a new branch - git checkout -b BRANCH_NAME
○ And to delete a branch - git branch -d BRANCH_NAME
● To save changes for later - git stash / To use those changes - git stash pop

18.
Creating a Pull Request
What is a Pull Request?
Pull requests let you tell others about changes
you've pushed to a GitHub repository. Once a pull
request is sent, people in-charge can review the
changes, discuss potential modifications, and
even push follow-up commits if necessary.

19.
Steps to create a Pull Request
1. Fork the main original repository
2. Clone your forked repository - git clone https://github.com/myusername/repo
3. Link the main repo - git remote add upstream https://github.com/orignal/repo
4. Create a new git branch - git checkout -b new_branch
5. Create new files or modify existing files
6. Add and commit your changes - git add [filenames] & git commit
7. Push your changes - git push --set-upstream origin branch_name / git push
8. Open the main repository and click on Pull requests and then the New Pull
Request button
9. Click on compare across forks and select head repository as your own forked
repository and the new branch with changes
10. Click on Create pull request

20.
IMPORTANT TIP
Always create a new branch to work on a new feature/changes when
collaborating on a repository. Avoid making changes directly to the
master branch as much as possible.

21.
Next steps in becoming an active open
source contributor
The process of open source collaboration and
contribution is very intimidating for the
newcomers. Most people including me when I
first started have a lot of burning questions
regarding this topic! Like:
1. How do I find the project that suits me
and inclines with my interest?
2. What if I don’t know anything about the
project I want to contribute to and
something goes awry?
and many many more such questions!

22.
Next steps in becoming an active open
source contributor
Don’t worry! Becoming an open source contributor is not only about writing meaningful code. There
are a lot of things besides code in a project that are mostly overlooked!
For example, one of the main things besides the code is the documentation! From fixing small
spelling mistakes in the documentation to writing the documentation for the parts of the project
that are undocumented. Not only does this help you in gaining confidence while contributing to
open source but also helps you understand parts of the project as you go along reading the
documentation.

23.
Next steps in becoming an active open
source contributor
Don’t be afraid to ask questions if you don’t
understand a part of the project you want to
contribute to! The open source community
welcomes everyone with an open mind!
Each organisation/repository/project have their communities that
are mostly free for anyone to be a part of. Communicating with
the maintainers when you get stuck somewhere is a part of the
process. As long as you are not asking for a spoon-feeding,
everyone is happy to help you out and help you grow because
they themselves have either gone through this process or are
going through it!

24.
The most important tip: Just do it!

25.
Open Source Programs
Google Summer of Code (GSoC)
Google Season of Docs (GSoD)
Outreachy Internships
GirlScript Summer of Code (GSSoC)
and many more...

26.
How does these programs work?
A lot of the students get confused on how these programs work!
Let’s take GSoC for example:
It is an annual program in which university students all around the globe contribute to open source
during their break from school in the summer(starting from April/May and ending in August). The
program consists of organizations which register themselves in the program around February with
the projects that are going to take part in the program. The interested students start discussing
project ideas with the organizations and apply to these projects with their proposals for those project
ideas, the accepted students then start to code throughout the summer. The program is incentivized
by Google by offering a stipend of 3000 US Dollars to the accepted students.

27.
Important Resources for further learning
● https://hacktoberfest.digitalocean.com/
● https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-
team@latest/github/getting-started-with-github
● https://git-scm.com/doc
● https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/
● https://github.com/lauragift21/awesome-learning-resources
● https://github.com/sindresorhus/awesome

28.
Doubt Session
Ask away your queries!

29.
THANKS!
You can reach out to us on DSC MAIT Telegram group:
http://bit.ly/teldscmait
You can connect with me on:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/sakshamarora1
https://twitter.com/sakshamarora__
For basic GSoC related doubts, I have answered the most
common questions in this blog:
https://medium.com/@sakshamarora1001/my-gsoc-journey-
68e72303d242

30.
CREDITS
● Template by Slidesgo
● Icons by Flaticon
● Infographics by Freepik
● Images created by Freepik