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Theabilitytodetectthepresence
ofdimlylitobjects
SENSITIVITY
Theabilitytoseethedetailsof
objects
ACUITY
Theprocessofadjustingthe
configurationofthelensestobring
imagesintofocusontheretinais
calledaccommodation.
ACCOMODATION
Thedifferenceinimagesbetween
thetwoeyes,whichisgreaterfor
objectsthatarecloseandsmaller
fordistantobjects
BINOCULAR
DISPARITY
Receptors,horizontalcells,
bipolarcells,amacrinecells,and
retinalganglioncells.
TYPESOFRETINAL
NEURONS
Thepointatwhichtheopticnerve
leavestheeyeandnoreceptor
cellsarelocatedthere.
BLINDSPOT
Thefoveaisanindentation,about
0.33centimetersindiameter,at
thecentreoftheretina;itisthe
areaoftheretinathatis
specializedforhigh-acuityvision
(forseeingfinedetails).
FOVEA
Bandoftissueintheoccipitallobe
thatsurroundstheprimaryvisual
cortex
PRESTRIATE
CORTEX
Blindspotinvision
SCOTOMA
Theprocedureusedtomap
scotomas
PERIMETRYTEST
Havingascotomathatcovershalf
ofthevisualfield
HEMIANOPSIC
Aconditioninwhichapersoncan
respondtoavisualstimulus
withoutconsciouslyexperiencing
it
BLINDSIGHT
Inabilitytorecognizefaces
PROSOPAGNOSIA
Anareaofhumancortex,located
attheboundarybetweenthe
occipitalandtemporallobes,that
isselectivelyactivatedbyhuman
faces
FUSIFORMFACE
AREA
Anareaofcortex,locatednearthe
junctionofthetemporal,parietal,
andoccipitallobes,whose
functionappearstobethe
perceptionofmotion
MTAREA
Thesimultaneousanalysisofa
signalindifferentwaysbythe
multipleparallelpathwaysofa
neuralnetwork.
PARALLEL
PROCESSING
Themathematicalprocedurefor
breakingdowncomplexwaves
intotheircomponentsinewaves
FOURIERANALYSIS
Thesmallbonesofthemiddleear:
themalleus(thehammer),the
incus(theanvil),andthestapes
(thestirrup).
OSSICLES
Membraneattheentrancetothe
cochleathroughwhichthe
ossiclestransmitvibrations
OVALWINDOW
Thecochleaisalong,coiledtube
withaninternalmembrane
runningalmosttoitstip.
COCHLEA
Centerpartofthecochlea,
containinghaircells,canals,and
membranes
ORGANOFCORTI
Membranesupportingtheorgan
ofCortiandhaircellsinthe
cochlea
BASILAR
MEMBRANE
Amembranelocatedabovethe
basilarmembrane;servesasa
shelfagainstwhichtheciliaofthe
auditoryhaircellsmove
TECTORIAL
MEMBRANE
Thenervethatcarriesimpulses
fromtheinnereartothebrain,
resultingintheperceptionof
sound
AUDITORYNERVE
Semicircularcanalorganization
oftheauditorysystem
TONOTOPIC
Threefluid-filledcanalsinthe
innerearresponsibleforour
senseofbalance
SEMICIRCULAR
CANALS
Association
AREASOFCORTEX
THATRECEIVEINPUT
FROMMORETHANONE
SENSORYSYSTEMARE
CALLED______CORTEX.
Sensesexternalstimulithatare
appliedtotheskin
EXTEROCEPTIVE
SYSTEM
Monitorsinformationaboutthe
positionofthebodythatcomes
fromreceptorsinthemuscles,joints,
andorgansofbalance
PROPRIOCEPTIVE
SYSTEM
Providesgeneralinformation
aboutconditionswithinthebody
INTEROCEPTIVE
SYSTEM
Thesimplestcutaneousreceptors
arethefreenerveendings(neuron
endingswithnospecialized
structuresonthem),whichare
particularlysensitiveto
temperaturechangeandpain.
FREENERVE
ENDINGS
Thelargestanddeepestcutaneous
receptorsaretheonionlike
Paciniancorpuscles;becausethey
adaptrapidly,theyrespondto
suddendisplacementsoftheskin
butnottoconstantpressure.
PACINIAN
CORPUSCLES
Theidentificationofobjectsby
touchiscalledstereognosis.
STEREOGNOSIS
Theareaofthebodythatis
innervatedbytheleftandright
dorsalrootsofagivensegment
ofthespinalcordiscalleda
dermatome.
DERMATOME
Tendstocarriesinformation
abouttouchandproprioception
DORSAL-COLUMN
MEDIAL-LEMINISCUS
SYSTEM
Theanterolateralsystemtendsto
carryinformationaboutpainand
temperature.
ANTEROLATERAL
SYSTEM
Organizedaccordingtoamapof
thebodysurface
SOMATOTOPIC
Upside-downcaricatures
representcontralateralsensory
inputfrombodyregions
SOMATOSENSORY
HOMUNCULUS
Failuretoidentifyanobject
throughtouch
ASTERIOGNOSIA
Failuretorecognizepartsofone's
ownbody
ASOMATOGNOSIA
Thefailureofneuropsychological
patientstorecognizetheirown
symptoms.
ANOSOGNOSIA
Thetendencynottorespondto
stimulithatarecontralateraltoa
right-hemisphereinjury
CONTRALATERAL
NEGLECT
Thefeelingthatanextraneous
object,usuallyarubberhand,is
actuallypartofone'sownbody
RUBBERHAND
ILLUSION
Neuronsthatrespondto
activationoftwodifferentsensory
systems
BIMODALNEURONS
Neuropathicpainissevere
chronicpainintheabsenceofa
recognizablepainstimulus
NEUROPATHICPAIN
Ourabilitytoprocessthe
environmentalstimuliofsmell
andtaste.
CHEMICALSENSES
Theolfactoryreceptorcellsare
locatedintheupperpartofthe
nose,embeddedinalayerof
mucus-coveredtissuecalledthe
olfactorymucosa.
OLFACTORY
MUCOSA
Anareaofmedialtemporalcortex
thatisadjacenttotheamygdala
andthatreceivesdirectolfactory
input
PIRIFORMCORTEX
Inabilitytosmell
ANOSMIA
Inabilitytotaste
AGUESIA
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