5. Causes – Natural sources??
Dust
Gases released from the body processes of living beings (CO2 during
respiration, CH4 from cattle’s digestion, oxygen from plants during
photosynthesis)
Pollen Dispersal
Smoke from forest fires, volcanos
Evaporation of organic compounds
Natural radioactivity
11. Evaporation of organic
Compounds
Large group of carbon-based chemicals that easily evaporate at room
temperature.
E.g :
Personal care products such
as perfume and hair spray
Cleaning agents
Dry cleaning fluid, paints,
Lacquers, varnishes,
Hobby supplies
Copying and printing machines
12. Natural Radioactivity
From Naturally occurring elements in soil and rock.
Unstable nucleus
Emit 3 kinds of radiations like α-particle (alpha-particle), β-
particles(beta-particle) and γ-rays ( gamma-rays) or γ-radiation
Eg. uranium, thorium, and radium
13. Causes- Man Made Sources??
Burning of Fossil Fuels – Coal, oil, natural gas and gasoline to produce
electricity and power vehicles. – SO2, CO, NOx, SPM
Agricultural activities – NH3 is very common byproduct.
Landfill activities- CH4
Exhaust from factories and industries - CO, Hydrocarbons, organic
compounds.
Mining Operation – Dust
Use of chemicals like cleaning products, painting supplies
Artificial radioactivity
22. Pesticide DDT
Happened in 1962
Synthetic pesticides DDT used to
combat typhus and malaria.
It is non degradable so
accumulated in the environment.
Decimated Bald eagle and other
bird populations
Later turned up in human
breast milk and was linked with
premature births.
24. Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
Happened in April, 1986
Plant’s core went melt down
Released 100 times more
radiation than the atom bombs
dropped on Japan.
19-mile exclusion zone around
the plant remains uninhabitable.
4000 cases of thyroid cancer
were diagnosed among children
and adolescents, mainly due to
contaminated milk.
25. Effects…??
Human health – Respiratory and heart problems, Cancer
Poor Visibility
Global warming – Greenhouse gases like CO2
Acid Rain - Water droplets + NOx, SOx
Eutrophication – Depletion of Oxygen content in water bodies
Depletion of Ozone Layer – Presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro
chlorofluorocarbons
28. Sulfurous smog (or 'London-type' smog)
Happened in Dec, 1952 due to Industrial revolution.
Use of sulfur-bearing fossil fuels, particularly coal
High concentration of Sox, Humidity and low temperature in the air
Thermal Inversion
Smoke + SOx + Fog droplets = Sulfurous Smog
29. Worst Type of Smog – Thermal Inversion
Abnormal arrangement of air masses
causes pollutants to be trapped near the earth’s surface
Stop horizontal winds
Warm air collects over the polluted air, acting as a lid to stop the
pollutants from being dispersed.
33. Delhi -type' smog
Due to high vehicular and industrial emissions, construction work and
crop burning in adjoining states.
34. Solutions to reduce Smog
Alkaline Scrubbers reduce SO2 and SO3 levels
Electrostatic precipitators reduce particulates
Catalytic Converters change NO to N2,
Lean burning engines reduce Nox but create more CO and
Hydrocarbons.
42. How does Air Pollution Move?
Emission Source
(i.e., smokestack, chimney, exhaust
pipe)
Receptor
(i.e., soil, vegetation, water bodies,
human lungs)
43.
44. Solutions…??
Use public mode of transportation
Conserve energy – Switch off fans and lights – Save
electricity – Save fuel burning
Understand the Concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
Emphasis on clean energy resources like solar, wind and
geothermal
Use energy efficient devices – CFL lights against
conventional lights
45. Conclusion…??
Air Pollution is one of the major concerns and a challenge we
need to overcome to see a tomorrow.
This is a direct attempt at slacking Global warming.
World wide on personal, industrial and Govt level know the
intensity at which Air Pollution is rising.
We must not forget that air is what we breathe in to survive
every day.
46. Keep the air clean because we
breathe 7 or 8 liters
of Air per minute
