Five types of the Fibers are listed with their properties and Application.

1. TOPIC : PROPERTIES AND
APPLICATION OF FIBERS

2. NAME ENROLLMENT
NADA JENIL 180280126014
SARVAIYA DARSHAN 180280126020
SHAIKH MOHAMEDAMAN 180280126022
SONI DAXIT 180280126024
TRIVEDI YASHVI 180280126027
DETHE PRATIK 190283126004
GADHAVE ABHISHEK 190283126005
Prepared By :

3.  Cotton
 Rayon
 Nylon
 Polyester
 Aramid
 Application of Fibers

4.  Physical properties :
Color : ranges from white to creamy white.
Fiber strength : moderately strong fiber
tenacity is 3.0 to 4.9 gm/den
Elastic modulus : very low
Length : 1200 to 1500 times to its breadth
Crimp : Twisted on its longitudinal axis
SG : 1.54
Effect of sun light : strength will be reduced
color will turn into yellowish
Effect of Heat : turns into yellow color on 120°C
Luster : Low luster
Effect of moisture : 6 to 8% moisture
moisture regain is 8.5%

5. Electrical properties :
Good conductor
Resistant value of cotton coated with pan and ppy are 350 and 512Ω
Chemical properties :
Acids : damaged
Alkalis : excellent resistance by alkalis but it swells in caustic alkalis like
NaOH
Effect of organic solvents : high resistance to normal cleaning solvents .

6.  Morphology of rayon
Rayon chain are flexible because :
1. presence of oxygen in rayon fiber rings
2. ribbon like arrangement of chains due to hydrogen bonding
• It has fringed micelle structure

7.  Physical Properties :
• Moisture content :
It has high moisture content.
• Tensile strength :
It has high tensile strength than cotton.
Its tensile strength is high in dry state than in wet state.
• Elongation at break : 15% to 30%
• Density : 1.50 g/cm^3
• Heat :
It loses strength above 300°F and its decomposition temperature is
350 to 400 °F.
It weakens in presence of UV.

8.  Chemical Properties :
Acid :
It has much more vulnerable to acids than cotton
It can be used with dilute organic acid
Solvent :
It dissolves in ammonium hydroxide solution.
Microorganism :
It is rarely attacked by microorganism.

9.  Physical Properties :
Tenacity : 6.0 to 8.5 gm/den
When fabric is immersed in water there is slight drop in tenacity but
this is fully reversible on drying.
Density : 1.14 gm/cc
Elongation at break :
Elongation at break ranges between 15 to 45%
Elasticity : Good elasticity
stronger than polyester fibers
Moisture regain : 3.5 to 5 %

10. Ability to protest friction : excellent
Ability to protect heat : Upto 150°C.
Quite resistant to heat.
On burning ,nylon tends to melt instead of burning.
Light Reflecting ability : Not good
Melting Point : Nylon 6 melts at 225°F
Nylon 6,6 melts at 250°F
Resiliency : good
The filament yarns provide a smooth , soft and lightweight fabric of
High resilience.

11.  Chemical Properties :
Acids :
it has good resistance to acids at normal service contact but will disintegrate
on heating with concentrated acids.
both nylon soluble in 80% acetic acid at boiling .
both nylon soluble in formic acid at room temperature.
Alkalis : Resistant to alkali .
Effect of Bleaching :
strong oxidizing agent is harmful for the nylon fabric .
Organic solvents :
It becomes soluble in any dense acid or phenol.
Dyes : 1. Direct dyes. Water Resistance : it can not absorb water in
2. Acid dyes. high Amount .
3. vat dyes.

12.  Structure

13.  Physical Properties :
Tenacity : 5 to 7 gm/den
Elongation at break :15 to 30%
Elastic modulus : 90
Elasticity : Good
Moisture Resin : 0.40%
Specific Gravity : 1.38
Melting point : 250°C

14. Volumetric Swelling : None
Ability to protest Friction : excellent
Color : White
Light Reflection Ability : Good
Luster : Bright
Two main areas where problem occurs :
1. Adhesion problem
2. thermal shrinkage

15. Electrical properties :
Ester group will impart polarity.
Aromatic group will impart thermal and mechanical Resistance.
Polyester has low Electric conductance.
Chemical Properties :
Water : not significantly affected by immersion in water
Reduced Tenacity can be regain by drying
standerd regain is 0.5%
Heat : Quite Resistant
Melting Point : 250
Acids : Quite Resistant
Alkalis : good Resistant

16. Solvents :
resistant to 1. standard hydrocarbon
2. aromatic and chlorinated solvents
soluble In 1. phenols
2. cyclo-hexanone
3. benzyl alcohol
4. nitrobenzene
5. dimethyl phthalate etc.

17.  Structure :
 Chemical properties :
• it have high moisture absorption due to hydrophilic nature.
• They are resistant to strong acid and base at higher temperature .
• It is resistant to the attack of organic solvents and aqueous solution.

18. Thermal properties :
•It doesn’t melt but it decomposes at 500-575°C .
•burned with very difficulty
•Low shrinkage
•At 300°C Aramid retains 50% of its strength as it was at room temperature.
Mechanical properties :
•High tenacity
•Behaves elastically in tension.
•On compression they shows non-linear plastic deformation
Electrical properties :
•High dielectric strength even at high tempreature.

19.  Nylon
 Polyester
Nylon Fibers
Molds and Resins
Food Packaging
Filaments
Tire cords , Ropes , seat belts , hoses , tents etc.
Clothing
Bottles , Films , LCD , Film Insulation
Widely used for finishing of high quality wood
Polyester are now days replaced by nylon

20. Aramid :
In military and aerospace applications
Composite materials
Optical fiber cables
Flame resistant clothing
Jet engine enclosures
Heat protective clothing and helmets
Cotton : To produce yarn
Coffee filters , fishing nets , tents , etc.
Rayon : For making dresses , saris , etc
For finishing of bed sheets , blankets
Carpets
Medical field