toughened glass/tempered glass sheet introduction、properties.
Steps involved in manufacturing of toughened glass;
Specifications & sizes of toughened glass;
toughened glass Uses and Advantages;
Matters needing attention;
Other type of glass;
2. CONTENTS
1. Company profile
2. Products introduction
3. Properties
4. Steps involved in manufacturing of toughened glass
5. Specifications & sizes of toughened glass
6. Safety
7. Uses
8. Advantages
9. Matters needing attention
10. Other type of glass
3. Company Profile
Zouping Daixi Glass Co., Ltd. Established in 2002, We have
the capability to supply most kinds of glass products to
our customers, such as sheet glass, float glass, laminated
glass, tempered (toughened) glass, acid-etched glass, etc.
Our company produces and supplies glass with standard
sizes and re-cut sizes, but also edge-grinded glass , with a
further processing plant to manufacture and export
laminated and tempered glass. Over the years, our
products have been well received by customers around
the world. For all customers - big or small - we always try
our best to supply them with the best products and
service.
We are located in Binzhou city with convenient
transportation access. All of our products comply with
international quality standards .
If you are interested in any of our products or would like
to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us.
We are looking forward to forming successful business
relationships with new clients around the world in the
near future.
4. INTRODUCTION
Toughened glass is also know as Tempered glass.
Toughened or tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by
controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength
compared with normal glass.
Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the inner
surfaces into tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to
crumble into small granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged
shards. The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury.
5. PROPERTIES
Toughened glass is physically and thermally stronger than regular glass. The greater
contraction of the inner layer during manufacturing induces compressive stresses in the
surface of the glass balanced by tensile stresses in the body of the glass. For glass to be
considered toughened, this compressive stress on the surface of the glass should be a
minimum of 69 MPa. For it to be considered safety glass, the surface compressive stress
should exceed 100 MPa. The greater the surface stress, the smaller the glass particles
will be when broken
Any cutting or grinding must be done prior to tempering. Cutting, grinding, sharp
impacts and sometimes even scratches after tempering will cause the glass to fracture
The strain pattern resulting from tempering can be observed with polarized light or by
using a pair of polarizing sun glasses.
6. STEPS INVOLVED IN MANUFACTURING OF TOUGHENED GLASS
Steps involved in making tempered glass are as follows:
1.Cut the glass into the desired shape first.
2.Inspect the glass for imperfections
3.Sand the cut edges smooth
4.Wash the glass
5.Heat the glass in a tempering oven
6.Quench the glass to cool it
7. Step-1:Cut the glass into the desired shape first
This has to be done before the glass is tempered, as the tempering process will
weaken the glass if it is cut or etched afterward and may increase the likelihood of
breakage.
8. Step-2:Inspect the glass for imperfections
Cracks or bubbles may cause the glass to break during tempering;
if any are found, the glass cannot be tempered.
9. Step-3:Sand the cut edges smooth
This removes any burrs created during cutting or etching.
10. Step-4:Wash the glass
This removes any tiny grains of glass deposited during sanding,
as well as any dirt that may interfere with the tempering process.
11. Step-5:Heat the glass in a tempering oven
Glass may be fed in batches or continuously.
The oven reaches temperatures of over 600 degrees Celsius (1,112 degrees
Fahrenheit), with the industry standard being 620 degrees Celsius (1,148 degrees
Fahrenheit).
12. Step-6:Quench the glass to cool it
The heated glass is subjected to seconds of high-pressure blasts of air at various
angles.
The rapid cooling causes the outer surfaces of the glass to cool and contract
faster than the center, giving the tempered glass its strength.
13. SPECIFICATIONS & SIZES OF TOUGHENED GLASS
Glass type Toughened glass/Tempered glass
Thickness (mm) 3-25mm(3,4,5,6,8,10,12,15,19,22,25)
Monolithic types
Transparent, Bodily colored, Colorfully
glazed, Film plated and Toughened glass
Combination types
Toughened insulating glass,
Toughened laminated glass ,
Toughened insulating laminated glass
Max size possible (mm) 5100 x 3200
Min. size possible (mm) 300 x 300
14. APPEREANCE OF FRAGENTS
If Toughened glass breaks
If Toughened glass breaks
with high pressure
SAFETY
Through the quenching process , the inside of toughened glass possesses
the compressive stress , it will with stand the impact force to certain extent,
even though it encountered greater load of impact and broke, its fragments
seemed to lot of tiny particles with obtuse angle that hardly would do any
harm to human body. While with the fragments of ordinary glass, they are
similar to large size broken sharp pieces easily causing serious injuries to
the people.
16. USES
Toughened glass is used when strength, thermal resistance, and
safety are important considerations. Its popularity has increased in
recent decades because of its use in the automobile and
construction industries, as well as in microwaveable glassware.
Among the most common current uses are for side and rear
windows and windshields in automobiles, display cases, patio
doors, and shower doors.
It is used for its characteristic of shattering into small cubes rather
than large shards and is sometimes referred to as safety glass in
this context
Toughened glass is also used in buildings for unframed assemblies
(such as frameless doors), structurally loaded applications, and
any other application that would become dangerous in the event of
human impact.
17. ADVANTAGES
The term "toughened glass" is generally used to describe fully tempered glass
but is sometimes used to describe heat-strengthened glass as both types
undergo a thermal "toughening" process.
There are two main types of heat-treated glass: heat-strengthened and fully
tempered. Heat-strengthened glass is twice as strong as annealed glass while
fully tempered glass has typically four to six times the strength of annealed glass
and withstands heating in microwave ovens. The difference is the residual stress
in the edge and glass surface
It is important to note that the tempering process does not change the stiffness of
the glass. Annealed glass undergoes a similar deflection compared to tempered
glass under the same load,
18. Matters needing attention
Toughened glass must be cut to size or pressed to shape before toughening and
cannot be re-worked once toughened.
Polishing the edges or drilling holes in the glass is carried out before the
toughening process starts.
Because of the balanced stresses in the glass, damage to the glass will
eventually result in the glass shattering into thumbnail-sized pieces.
19. Laminated Glass
.Laminated glass is a type of safety glass that holds together when shattered.
.In the event of breaking, it is held in place by an interlayer, typically of polyvinyl
butyral (PVB), between its two or more layers of glass.
.The interlayer keeps the layers of glass bonded even when broken, and its high
strength prevents the glass from breaking up into large sharp pieces.
.This produces a characteristic "spider web" cracking pattern when the impact is
not enough to completely pierce the glass.
20. •Laminated glass is a better barrier to
the transmission of sound than solid
glass.
•It is used to glaze windows of
residences, classrooms, hospital rooms,
and other rooms that must be kept
quiet in the midst of noisy environments.
•In comparison to solid glass, laminated
glass also reduces the transmission of
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a component
of sunlight that contributes significantly
to fading and the degradation of interior
finishes, furnishings, and fabrics.
•Security glass, used for drive-in
banking windows and other facilities
that need to be resistant to burglary, is
made of multiple layers of glass and PVB,
and is available in a range of thicknesses
to stop any desired caliber of bullet.
•Laminated glass is also used in blast-
resistant and windborne debris-resistant
glazing systems
Laminated Glass Uses
21. Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten tin.
This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and very flat surfaces. Modern
windows are made from float glass.
Most float glass is soda-lime glass, but relatively minor quantities of specialty
borosilicate and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass
process.
Float Glass
